TYR 基因外显子1 的序列变异与家猪的起源研究

为了分析家猪与野猪的遗传多样性及起源, 测定了来自12 个中国地方家猪品种、3 个欧洲引进猪品种以 及8 个中国野猪和2 个越南野猪共36 个个体的酪氨酸酶基因( T YR) 外显子1 的序列,共检出6 个单核苷酸多态性 位点(SNPs) ,且这6 个位点的变异均为同义突变,根据这些变异可将酪氨酸酶基因DNA 序列归结为4 种单倍型。 结合已发表的数据,构建了简约中介网络图。在网络图中,单倍型T YR 3 2 主要为欧洲家猪与欧洲野猪和3 条亚洲 家猪染色体。大部分亚洲家猪和野猪共享单倍型T YR 3 1 ,表明这是1 个亚洲类型的单倍型;同时也有部分欧洲家 猪与野猪携带这一单倍型。而单倍型T YR 3 3 和T YR 3 4 为本研究检测到的稀有单倍型,这两种单倍型主要由中 国家猪与亚洲野猪组成。这种网络图结构支持家猪的欧洲和亚洲独立起源学说,同时也表明,相当部分的欧洲家 猪品种受到亚洲猪的基因渗透,而少量中国家猪和日本野猪也受到了欧洲猪的基因渗透。

Changes of tissue endothelin-1 and nitric oxide synthase in a sheep model of large intestinal obstruction

Large intestinal obstruction (LIO) in farm animals can cause a ischaemic necrosis of intestinal tissue, eventually leading to death. The roles of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) are not well understood in the process of LIO, but evidence suggests that endothelial-derived mediators may participate. In the present study, ET-1 concentration and total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were measured in heart, liver, pancreas, lung and kidney in a model of LIO in sheep. Our data demonstrated that ET-1 concentration and NOS activity were altered, with significant increases of ET-1 in heart, lung and kidney and of NOS activity in pancreas and kidney, but a marked decline of NOS activity in liver (p<0.05). It is postulated that these alterations in NOS activity and ET-1 concentration may contribute to the progressive loss of organ function, and finally lead to death in LIO in sheep.

HORMONAL-REGULATION OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR AND PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR TYPE-1 IN CULTURED MONKEY SERTOLI CELLS

Sertoli cells play a central role in the control and maintenance of spermatogenesis. Isolated Sertoli cells of mouse and rat testes have been shown to secrete plasminogen activator (PA) and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in culture. In this study, we have investigated the hormonal regulation of PA and PAI-1 activities in cultured monkey Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells (5x10(5) cells/well) isolated from infant rhesus monkey testes were preincubated at 35 degrees C for 16 h in 24-well plates precoated with poly(D-lysine) (5 mu g/cm(2)) in 0.5 mi McCoy's 5a medium containing 5% of fetal calf serum and further incubated for 48 h in 0.5 mi serum-free medium with or without various hormones or other compounds, PA as well as PAI-1 activities in the conditioned media were assayed by fibrin overlay and reverse fibrin autography techniques respectively. The Sertoli cells in vitro secreted only tissue-type PA (tPA), no detectable amount of urokinase-type PA (uPA) could be observed, Monkey Sertoli cells were also capable of secreting PAI-1, Immunocytochemical studies indicated that both tPA and PAI-1 positive staining localized in the Sertoli cells, spermatids and residual bodies of the seminiferous epithelium; Northern blot analysis further confirmed the presence of both tPA and PAI-1 mRNA in monkey Sertoli cells. Addition of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) derivatives or cAMP-generating agents and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or phorbol ester (PMA) to the cell culture significantly increased tPA activity. PAI-1 activity in the culture was also enhanced by these reagents except 8-bromo-dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin (MIX) which greatly stimulated tPA activity, whereas decreased PAI-1 activity, implying that neutralization of PAI-1 activity by tile high level of tPA in the conditioned media may occur. These data suggest that increased intracellular signals which activate protein kinase A (PKA), or protein kinase C (PKC) can modulate Sertoli cell tPA and PAI-1 activities, The concomitant induction of PA and PAI-1 by the same reagents in the Sertoli cells may reflect a finely tuned regulatory mechanism in which PAI-1 could limit the excession of the proteolysis.

焦酚对蓝藻和绿藻生长、光合色素及微量元素的作用

研究了焦酚对4种常见蓝藻和绿藻的生长影响.结果表明,焦酚对几种藻的生长具有抑制作用.相同的处理浓度,4种藻生长率从小到大依次是:铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)、羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capri-cornutum)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae).焦酚作用后铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻的叶绿素a和胡萝卜素的含量有显著的变化,随着焦酚浓度的升高,铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻叶绿素a和胡萝卜素含量减少

Sensitivity analysis of a time-delayed thermo-acoustic system via an adjoint-based approach

We apply adjoint-based sensitivity analysis to a time-delayed thermo-acoustic system: a Rijke tube containing a hot wire. We calculate how the growth rate and frequency of small oscillations about a base state are affected either by a generic passive control element in the system (the structural sensitivity analysis) or by a generic change to its base state (the base-state sensitivity analysis). We illustrate the structural sensitivity by calculating the effect of a second hot wire with a small heat-release parameter. In a single calculation, this shows how the second hot wire changes the growth rate and frequency of the small oscillations, as a function of its position in the tube. We then examine the components of the structural sensitivity in order to determine the passive control mechanism that has the strongest influence on the growth rate. We find that a force applied to the acoustic momentum equation in the opposite direction to the instantaneous velocity is the most stabilizing feedback mechanism. We also find that its effect is maximized when it is placed at the downstream end of the tube. This feedback mechanism could be supplied, for example, by an adiabatic mesh. We illustrate the base-state sensitivity by calculating the effects of small variations in the damping factor, the heat-release time-delay coefficient, the heat-release parameter, and the hot-wire location. The successful application of sensitivity analysis to thermo-acoustics opens up new possibilities for the passive control of thermo-acoustic oscillations by providing gradient information that can be combined with constrained optimization algorithms in order to reduce linear growth rates. © Cambridge University Press 2013.

双向电泳及免疫印记法对囊尾蚴囊液抗原的分析、纯化及鉴定

目的　通过分析、纯化囊液抗原 ,筛选高免疫反应性和高特异性抗原组分 ,用于囊虫病免疫诊断。　方法　用分辨率极高的双向电泳法对囊液抗原进行分离、纯化 ,并通过免疫印记 ,用囊虫病人血清、包虫病人血清和其它异源血清筛选特异性抗原组分 ,为建立新一代免疫学诊断方法奠定基础。　结果　得到了等电点为 9 4,分子量为14KD和 16 6KD两组抗原组分 ,特异性达 10 0 % ,并且仅被急性感染的囊虫病人血清识别 ,而不被囊虫完全钙化病人血清识别。　结论　得到了高免疫反应性和高特异性的蛋白纯品 ,为囊虫病的免疫诊

Stabilization of planar collective motion with limited communication

This paper proposes a design methodology to stabilize relative equilibria in a model of identical, steered particles moving in the plane at unit speed. Relative equilibria either correspond to parallel motion of all particles with fixed relative spacing or to circular motion of all particles around the same circle. Particles exchange relative information according to a communication graph that can be undirected or directed and time-invariant or time-varying. The emphasis of this paper is to show how previous results assuming all-to-all communication can be extended to a general communication framework. © 2008 IEEE.

农药——水生生物的致毒和调节因素

<正> 一、前言农药在消灭农业病虫害、保护森林以及预防传染病等方面发挥了巨大的作用。据世界卫生组织估计,世界上农作物有三分之一被害虫消耗和毁坏。为了消灭害虫,世界各国大量使用各种农药,日本用药量最多(原药719克/亩),粮食单面积产量亦高(730斤/亩)。近十多年来,农药生产发展非常迅速,据

Tissue distribution and depuration of the extracted hepatotoxic cyanotoxin microcystins in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) intraperitoneally injected at a sublethal dose

An acute toxicity experiment was conducted by intraperitoneal injection with a sublethal dose of extracted microcystins (MCs), 50 mu g MC-LR (where L = leucine and R = arginine) equivalent/kg body weight (BW), to examine tissue distribution and depuration of MCs in crucian carp (Carassius carassius). Liver to body weight ratio increased at 3, 12, 24, and 48 h postinjection compared with that at 0 h (p < 0.05). MC concentrations in various tissues and aquaria water were analyzed at 1, 3, 12, 24, 48, and 168 h postinjection using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The highest concentration of MCs (MC-RR + MC-LR) was found in blood, 2 -270 ng/g dry weight (DW), followed by heart (3 -100 ng/g DW) and kidney (13 -88 ng/g DW). MC levels were relatively low in liver, gonad, intestine, spleen, and brain. MC contents in gills, gallbladder, and muscle were below the limit of detection. Significant negative correlation was present between MC-RR concentration in blood and that in kidney, confirming that blood was important in the transportation of MC-RR to kidney for excretion. Rapid accumulation and slow degradation of MCs were observed in gonad, liver, intestine, spleen, and brain. Only 0.07% of injected MCs were detected in liver. The recovery of MCs in liver of crucian carp seemed to be dose dependent.