Consommations et interventions en milieu festif

[Content] 1. Introduction. - 1.1. Mandat et questions d'évaluation. - 1.2. Méthode. - 2. Appréciation de la consommation en milieu festif dans le canton de Vaud par les professionnels. - 2.1 Consommation et profil de consommation. - 2.2. Prises de risque et conséquences. - 2.3 Interventions et besoins perçus. - 3. Revue de différentes interventions existantes en Suisse. - 3.1. Historique et objectifs des projets. - 4. Interventions actuelles dans le canton de Vaud. - 4.1. Interventions structurelles. - 5. Avantages et limites des différents types d'intervention répertoriés dans les cantons. - 5.1. Interventions structurelles. - 5.2 Interventions comportementales. - 5.3 Synthèse. - - 6 Conclusions et recommandations pour une intervention en milieu festif dans le canton de Vaud. - 6.1 Bilan du panel de professionnels. - 6.2 Modalités de l'intervention. - 6.3 Recommandations. - 7. Annexes. - 7.1. Fiches projets. - 7.1.1. REPER (secteur Information et projets). - 7.1.2. Fiesta. - 7.1.3. Pôle Prévention jurassien. - 7.1.4. danno.ch. - 7.1.5. Nuit blanche ?. - 7.1.6. saferparty.ch. - 7.1.7. rave it safe.

L'anthropologie face aux demandes du terrain : deux exemples d'implication dans le milieu médical

Cet article présente les implications particulières de deux expériences de terrain faisant émerger la problématique des apports et de l'utilité de l'anthropologie dans le domaine de la santé. Face aux attentes fortes des interlocuteurs de terrain (demandes d'expertise anthropologique dans le domaine de la prévention du suicide et dans celui de la recherche en soins palliatifs), les chercheuses se sont laissé en partie « détourner » en ne travaillant plus seulement « sur », mais « avec » leurs interlocuteurs. Tout en prenant en compte les risques d'instrumentalisation par le domaine médical, la réflexivité du chercheur face à son implication sur le terrain est considérée comme un outil indispensable pour préserver sa distance critique. Par ailleurs, ces expériences de terrain sont l'occasion de réfléchir à la possibilité de créer des échanges discursifs avec les interlocuteurs du terrain et de favoriser ainsi le changement social depuis l'intérieur.

Infirmier en psychiatrie de liaison : développement de la supervision en milieu somatique [Liaison psychiatry nurse: The development of supervision in somatic medicine].

BACKGROUND: Over the years, somatic care has become increasingly specialized. Furthermore, a rising number of patients requiring somatic care also present with a psychiatric comorbidity. As a consequence, the time and resources needed to care for these patients can interfere with the course of somatic treatment and influence the patient-caregiver relationship. In the light of these observations, the Liaison Psychiatry Unit at the University Hospital in Lausanne (CHUV) has educated its nursing staff in order to strengthen its action within the general care hospital. What has been developed is a reflexive approach through supervision of somatic staff, in order to improve the efficiency of liaison psychiatry interventions with the caregivers in charge of patients. The kind of supervision we have developed is the result of a real partnership with somatic staff. Besides, in order to better understand the complexity of interactions between the two systems involved, the patient's and the caregivers', we use several theoretical references in an integrative manner. PSYCHOANALYTICAL REFERENCE: The psychoanalytical model allows us to better understand the dynamics between the supervisor and the supervised group in order to contain and give meaning to the affects arising in the supervision space. "Containing function" and "transitional phenomena" refer to the experience in which emotions can find a space where they can be taken in and processed in a secure and supportive manner. These concepts, along with that of the "psychic envelope", were initially developed to explain the psychological development of the baby in its early interactions with its mother or its surrogate. In the field of supervision, they allow us to be aware of these complex phenomena and the diverse qualities to which a supervisor needs to resort, such as attention, support and incentive, in order to offer a secure environment. SYSTEMIC REFERENCE: A new perspective of the patient's complexity is revealed by the group's dynamics. The supervisor's attention is mainly focused on the work of affects. However, these are often buried under a defensive shell, serving as a temporary protection, which prevents the caregiver from recognizing his or her own emotions, thereby enhancing the difficulties in the relationship with the patient. Whenever the work of putting emotions into words fail, we use "sculpting", a technique derived from the systemic model. Through the use of this type of analogical language, affects can emerge without constraint or feelings of danger. Through "playing" in that "transitional space", new exchanges appear between group members and allow new behaviors to be conceived. In practice, we ask the supervisee who is presenting a complex situation, to design a spatial representation of his or her understanding of the situation, through the display of characters significant to the situation: the patient, somatic staff members, relatives of the patient, etc. In silence, the supervisee shapes the characters into postures and arranges them in the room. Each sculpted character is identified, named, and positioned, with his or her gaze being set in a specific direction. Finally the sculptor shapes him or herself in his or her own role. When the sculpture is complete and after a few moments of fixation, we ask participants to express themselves about their experience. By means of this physical representation, participants to the sculpture discover perceptions and feelings that were unknown up to then. Hence from this analogical representation a reflection and hypotheses of understanding can arise and be developed within the group. CONCLUSION: Through the use of the concepts of "containing function" and "transitional space" we position ourselves in the scope of the encounter and the dialog. Through the use of the systemic technique of "sculpting" we promote the process of understanding, rather than that of explaining, which would place us in the position of experts. The experience of these encounters has shown us that what we need to focus on is indeed what happens in this transitional space in terms of dynamics and process. The encounter and the sharing of competencies both allow a new understanding of the situation at hand, which has, of course, to be verified in the reality of the patient-caregiver relationship. It is often a source of adjustment for interpersonal skills to recover its containing function in order to enable caregiver to better respond to the patient's needs.

Souffrance au travail en milieu carcéral: les épreuves de l'exercice professionnel au parloir pénitentiaire

Cet article analyse, à partir d'un modèle intégratif et dynamique, la souffrance au travail et les manifestations de celle-ci, chez les agents pénitentiaires en milieu carcéral dans un espace particulier qui est celui du « parloir pénitentiaire ». Si les questions des facteurs de risques, notamment du stress ou du burnout ont été abondamment traitées dans la littérature, selon des approches factorielles, rares sont les modèles multidimensionnels existants qui permettent de comprendre la complexité et la spécificité des processus en jeu en milieu carcéral. La méthode de recherche relève d'une analyse comparative des espaces professionnels. Soixante douze entretiens semi-directifs de recherche ont été conduits auprès des surveillants occupant chacun des espaces, dans trois établissements pénitentiaires français. À partir de différents indicateurs, le modèle permet de saisir les processus et étapes qui conduisent à la manifestation de souffrances au travail. Il offre à la fois des perspectives d'intervention et de prévention pour les cadres et psychologues chargés du soutien aux personnels.