SYSTEMATICS OF FRESH-WATER AUDOUINELLA (ACROCHAETIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) IN NORTH-AMERICA .1. THE REDDISH SPECIES

Multivariate morphometrics and image analysis were used to determine the number of well-distinguished infrageneric taxa of reddish freshwater Audouinella in North America. Three distinct groupings were differentiated from 83 populations collected from Alaska and Labrador in the north to central Mexico and Jamaica in the south. These groupings were statistically related to seven type specimens. The following species were recognized: A. eugenea (SKUJA) JAO, A. hermannii (ROTH) DUBY [syn.: A. violacea (KUTZ.) HAMEL and its varieties, alpina (KUTZ.) RAB., dalmatica (KUTZ.) RAB., expansa (WOOD) SMITH, and hercynica (KUTZ.) KUTZ.] and A. tenella (SKUJA) PAPENFUSS. These species are separated based on dimensions of vegetative cells and monosporangia. A. tenella is found only in California, A. eugenea in warm, alkaline and high-ion waters of the tropical rainforest and desert-chaparral, while A. hermannii occurs widely from the boreal to south temperate and in waters with relatively low temperatures and ion content.

Trading up: the prospect of greater regulatory convergence in North America

Incluye Bibliografía

Transaction costs in the transportation sector and infrastructure in North America: exploring harmonization of standards

Includes bibliography

Toward the privatization of water utilities in the Great Lakes region of North America

Includes bibliography

Implications and consequences of orphanhood in populations of the past: North America; preliminary version

Includes bibliography

International migration in Latin America and the Caribbean: facts and findings

Includes bibliography

Children and international migration in Latin America and the Caribbean

Child migration in the region has many contradictory aspects, as reported in the feature article of this bulletin. On the positive side, there are better educational opportunities in countries of destination and, in countries of origin, greater well-being thanks to remittances; greater protection gained by migrating away from situations of violence and social risk; and new horizons for broadening life experiences. On the negative side, there are precariousness and heightened family environment risks when the parents migrate and the children are left behind in the care of others; exposure to abuse and violation of rights during migratory processes; and possibly lower citizen status in receiving countries.

Investigación de la migración internacional en Latinoamérica (IMILA) = Investigation of international migration in Latin America (IMILA)

Publicación bilingüe (Español e inglés)

Migración internacional en Latinoamérica (IMILA) = International migration in Latin America (IMILA)

Publicación bilingüe (Español e inglés)

Type of Intercept Trap Not Important for Capturing Female Sirex noctilio and S-nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America

Current detection tools for Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in North America are poor. To determine the importance of intercept trap type for capturing females of S. noctilio and its native congener, Sirex nigricornis F., in eastern North America, we report on seven trap comparison studies from different years and geographic locations. Among studies, total numbers of S. noctilio captured were low (mean of <= 1waspper trap). Total numbers of S. nigricornis caught were generally greater, andranged from ameanof 1-13 wasps per trap. Nearly all studies found no significant differencesamongintercept trap types in the number of woodwasps caught. For future studies, we recommend that either panel or 12-unit Lindgren funnel traps be used to catch S. noctilio or S. nigricornis in eastern North America.

Distribution and systematics of the freshwater genus Sirodotia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in North America

Multivariate morphometrics and image analysis were used to determine the number of well-delineated infrageneric taxa of Sirodotia in North America. Three groupings were distinguished from 25 populations examined from Newfoundland and Quebec in the north to central Mexico in the south. These groupings were statistically related to 10 type specimens, and the following species were recognized: Sirodotia huillensis (Welwitsch ex W. et G. S. West) Skuja (syn. S. ateleia Skuja), S. suecica Kylin (syn. S. acuminata Skuja ex Flint and S. fennica Skuja), and S. tenuissima (Collins) Skuja ex Flint. These species are differentiated on the basis of whorl shape and degree of separation at maturity (S. suecica, rounded and appressed; S. huillensis and S. tenuissima, truncated apex and separated), the density of spermatangia (S. huillensis, dense clusters, S. suecica and S. tenuissima, sparsely aggregated), and the mode of germination of the gonimoblast initial (S. suecica and S. tenuissima,from the nonprotuberant side of the fertilized carpogonium; S. huillensis from the protuberant side). Sirodotia huillensis was found only in the desert-chaparral, whereas S. suecica and S. tenuissima occurred from south-temperate to boreal regions in cool (temperature 8-18-degrees-C), low ion (specific conductance 10-99 muS.cm-1), and mildly acidic to neutral (pH 5.7-7.3) waters.

Review of issues concerning the use of reproductive inhibitors, with particular emphasis on resolving human-wildlife conflicts in North America

This manuscript provides an overview of past wildlife contraception efforts and discusses the current state of research. Two fertility control agents, an avian reproductive inhibitor containing the active ingredient nicarbazin and an immunocontraceptive vaccine, have received regulatory approval with the Environmental Protection Agency and are commercially available in the USA. OvoControl G Contraceptive Bait for Canada Geese and Ovo Control for pigeons are delivered as oral baits. An injectable immunocontraceptive vaccine (GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine) was registered with the Environmental Protection Agency for use in female white-tailed deer in September 2009. An injectable product (GonaCon Immunocontraceptive Vaccine) is registered for use in female white-tailed deer. Both products are labeled for use in urban/suburban areas where these species are overabundant. Several other compounds are currently being tested for use in wildlife in the USA, Europe, Australia and New Zealand that could have promise in the future. The development and use of reproductive inhibitors for resolving human–wildlife conflicts will depend on a number of factors, including meeting the requirements of regulatory agencies for use in the environment and on the biological and economical feasibility of their use. Use will also be dependent on health and safety issues and on public acceptance of the techniques.