Ecologia da polinização de Ipomoea asarifolia (Ders.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) na região semi-árida de Pernambuco

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Lianas da estação ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, São José do Rio Preto/Mirassol, SP, Brasil

Lianas são membros característicos das florestas tropicais, onde são abundantes e de grande importância ecológica. Entretanto, têm sido negligenciadas em estudos florísticos e fitossociológicos. Este trabalho apresenta as espécies de lianas da Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista (EENP) e as compara àquelas encontradas em outros fragmentos florestais. A EENP (20º48'36'' S e 49º22'50'' W) está a 468 m de altitude e abrange área de 168,63 ha, composta de três fragmentos de vegetação descontínua, classificada como floresta estacional semidecidual, entremeadas por pastagens. As amostras de lianas foram coletadas realizando caminhadas na periferia e no interior da mata. Foram identificadas 105 espécies; delas, 99 são Magnoliopsida (60 gêneros e 22 famílias); e seis, Liliopsida (três gêneros e três famílias). As famílias mais ricas em espécies representaram 59% do total das lianas. A análise do dendrograma de similaridade mostrou que esta é baixa entre a Floresta Atlântica de São Paulo e aquelas localizadas no interior. Situação semelhante foi observada por outros autores na análise de similaridade com espécies de porte arbóreo, e também, entre florestas do interior e Floresta Atlântica.

Florística de lianas em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brasil

Embora o conhecimento sobre a florística dos fragmentos de florestas estacionais semideciduais tenha crescido nos últimos anos, ainda sabe-se pouco sobre a comunidade de lianas (lenhosas ou herbáceas) nesses fragmentos. Assim, foi realizado o levantamento florístico de lianas na gleba Maravilha, pertencente ao Parque Estadual de Vassununga (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP), a fim de colaborar com o conhecimento dessa comunidade e subsidiar futuros trabalhos que envolvam essa forma de vida. A área de estudo compreende 127,08 ha, com inverno seco e temperatura média anual de 22 ºC. Para a coleta do material, percorreu-se mensalmente toda a borda do fragmento e três trilhas no interior da mata, de agosto/2002 a setembro/2003. Foram identificadas 120 espécies de lianas, pertencentes a 30 famílias e 71 gêneros, das quais 51% das espécies são volúveis, 42% apresentam gavinhas e apenas 7% são escandentes. As famílias mais representativas em número de espécies foram: Bignoniaceae (26), Malpighiaceae (14), Sapindaceae (12) e Asteraceae (9). Houve baixa similaridade florística entre as espécies de lianas presentes na gleba Maravilha em relação a outras áreas de florestas estacionais semideciduais do interior paulista.

DIET OF THE BROWN HOWLER MONKEY ALOUATTA-FUSCA IN A FOREST FRAGMENT IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

The diet of the brown howler monkey Alouatta fusca in a 250 ha forest fragment in southeastern Brazil was studied for 42 consecutive months. The howlers were observed eating in 366 feeding records (one group or a monkey eating a single plant) of 52 plant species. Twenty three percent of the leaves and 52 % of the flowers in the howler's diet came from lianas. Eighteen fruit species were recorded as being dispersed by howlers and seeds of two liana species were eaten. In small forest fragments where most large specialized frugivores are absent howlers may be the main seed disperser of large fruits.

Thymic microenvironmental alterations in experimentally induced diabetes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phenological aspects of flowering and fruiting at the Ecological Station of Paulo de Faria-SP-Brazil

The present work was carried out at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria', north of the state of Sao Paulo, southeast of Brazil (19°55'-19°58'S and 49°31'-49°32'W). The flowering and fruiting phenology of trees, shrubs, and lianas species were observed from April 1993 to December 1995. The results were compaired with those surveyed at other forests from Sao Paulo state: Santa Genebra (Campinas). Serra do Japi (Jundiai) and lianas of Mata Atlantica. The majority of species of lianas flowered from January to April and trees and shrubs between September to December. The most intense frutification period occurred during May to August. Similarly to Santa Genebra, the flowering season at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria' started at the beginning of the wet season while frutification during the dryest period of the year. At Serra do Japi, the flowering and frutification occurred from the end of dry and beginning of the rainy season. Considering the liana at Mata Atlantica presented two peaks of flowering, while at 'Estacao Ecologica de Paulo de Faria' occurs only one. Regarding the fruiting phenology is similar for both area, most species producing fruits during the first semestre.

O óxido nítrico (NO) no controle neural da pressão arterial: Modulação da transmissão glutamatérgica no NTS

The neuromodulatory effect of nitric oxide (NO) on glutamatergic transmission within the NTS related to cardiovascular regulation has been widely investigated. Activation of glutamatergic receptors in the NTS stimulates the production and release of NO and other nitrosyl substances with neurotransmitter/neuromodulator properties. The presence of NOS, including the protein nNOS and its mRNA in vagal afferent terminals in the NTS and nodose ganglion cells suggest that NO can act on glutamatergic transmission. We previously reported that iontophoresis of L-NAME on NTS neurons receiving vagal afferent inputs significantly decreased the number of action potentials evoked by iontophoretic application of AMPA. In addition, iontophoresis of the NO donor papaNONOate enhanced spontaneous discharge and the number of action potentials elicited by AMPA, suggesting that NO could be facilitating AMPA-mediated neuronal transmission within the NTS. Furthermore, the changes in renal sympathetic discharge during activation of baroreceptors and cardiopulmonary receptors involve activation of AMPA and NMDA receptors in the NTS and these responses are attenuated by microinjection of L-NAME in the NTS of conscious and anesthetized rats. Cardiovascular responses elicited by application of NO in the NTS are closely similar to those obtained after activation of vagal afferent inputs, and L-glutamate is the main neurotransmitter of vagal afferent fibers. In this review we discuss the possible neuromodulatory mechanisms of central produced/released NO on glutamatergic transmission within the NTS.

Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered the forth cause of death in the world. The present review summarizes the epidemiologic and risk factors to the disease. Emphasizing the diagnostic, pulmonary function, radiological alterations and blood gases. According to the current guideline recommendations, the authors reviewed the classification and treatment. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora. Todos os direitos reservados.

Avaliação da inclinação do incisivo inferior através da tomografia computadorizada

Introduction: Orthodontics has always used lateral cephalometric radiographs (LC) as the main examination in the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan. The determination of incisor position is part of most cephalometric analysis, including Tweed analysis. However, all radiographic images have limitations, since it is a bidimensional image of a tridimensional structure and overlapping of bone and dental structures often occurs. Computed tomography (CT) allows a trustworthy diagnostic, mainly for its tridimensional images possibility. In this situation it seems reasonable to question the classic cephalometric analysis, creating factors of comparison with computed tomography data. Aim: For this, it was considered the evaluation of the angle between the long axis of the inferior incisor and the mandibular plane (IMPA) in the lateral cephalograph and in the computed tomography. Methods: Nineteen patients, selected for orthodontic treatment, had constituted the sample of this study, 12 female and 7 male, with ages between 16 years and 4 months and 28 years and 2 months. After the collection of data made by two examiners, statistical analyses for the attainment of the errors intra and inter-examiners had been made, using level of significance of 5%. Results and Conclusion: It was concluded that IMPA can be measured in the lateral cephalometric radiographs with trustworthiness, even that its values were smaller when compared with the computed tomography.

Estado físico do meio de cultura na propagação in vitro de bromeliaceae

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physical state of the culture medium on the behavior in vitro of the bromeliaceas Neoregelia cruenta, Tillandsia stricta, Vriesea gigantea, V. guttata e V. incun/ata. Micropropagated shoots had been cultivated in culture medium MS, with 30 g sucrose, 2,5 mg dm-3 BAP, and 0,5 mg dm-3 ANA, establishing the treatments: T1- half-solid with 7 g agar; T2- static liquid; T3- liquid under-agitation of 90 rpm; and T4-static liquid with bridge of paper filter. After 30 days, the use of static way of liquid culture presented better results in relation of proliferative average rate in all the species (9.4 shoots in N. cruenta, 5.6 in T. stricta, 11.5 in V. gigantea, 9.2 in V. guttata and 3.9 in V. incurvata). In relation the average height of the shoots, was distinguished for N. cruenta the liquid under-agitation (2.83 cm), T. stricta and V. incurvata the semisolid (1.76 cm and 2.02 cm, respectively) and V. gigantea and V. guttata the static liquid (0.61 cm and 1.48 cm, respectively). The use of medium MS static liquid was more suitable for in vitro culture of bromeliads species studied.

Pneumonias

Pneumonia is an infectious disease with great morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the current guidelines recommendations the authors reviewed the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). In this paper will be presented data about etiology, clinics and diagnostic tools. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora.

Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

The present review summarizes the clinical aspects, diagnostics criteria and treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Besides, will be reviewed the systemic manifestations associated with COPD and its clinical relevance in the patient's follow up. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editora.

Aplicación del principio contaminador-pagador en América Latina: evaluación de la efectividad ambiental y eficiencia económica de la tasa por contaminación hídrica en el sector industrial colombiano

Incluye Bibliografía

Las nuevas funciones urbanas: gestión para la ciudad sostenible

El concepto y la práctica en materia de gestión urbana-territorial se han modificado sustancialmente en los últimos años en América Latina y el Caribe, desarrollándose para abarcar asuntos y problemas vinculados al desarrollo urbano, que tradicionalmente no hacían parte del quehacer profesional en esta materia. Las razones: la consolidación de los procesos de descentralización y la modernización del estado en el marco del desafío que la globalización impone a los países de la región. La consolidación de una nueva economía urbana, que se caracteriza por una estrecha interrelación entre sistemas complejos (servicios, comunicaciones, producción, información, infraestructura) como asimismo el surgimiento de una estructura social-territorial marcada por los problemas de equidad y vulnerabilidad hacen parte de una realidad del hábitat en la región que impone nuevos desafíos y tareas. Precisamente estas nuevas formas de conceptualizar las intervenciones y la gestión urbana son presentadas por un conjunto de expertos en el presente documento. En primer lugar Ricardo Jordán y Daniela Simioni presentan el proyecto Instrumentos y estrategias de gestión urbana para el desarrollo sostenible", que considera particularmente el rol del municipio en tres ejes temáticos claves para la gestión urbana: las intervenciones para la pobreza urbana; la gestión de servicios públicos y la rehabilitación de lugares centrales. Todo ello en el marco de las características que asume hoy el proceso de urbanización en la región. A continuación Carmen Bellet Sanfeliu y Josep Maria Llop Torne nos presentan un programa de trabajo en torno al tema de las ciudades intermedias y la urbanización mundial, desarrollado por la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos (UIA). El énfasis esta puesto en el diseño de estrategias de gestión para ciudades intermedias sustentadas en una amplia participación de la comunidad. Rubén Pesci aporta otro novedoso enfoque para desarrollar una gestión que tenga por objetivo la sostenibilidad en ciudades intermedias en América Latina. La presentación involucra los aspectos conceptuales y de definición, un análisis de la situación y la descripción de algunos casos emblemáticos en la región. Vinculado con la presentación anterior, finalmente Liana Vallicelli presenta un caso 'Clásico' en América Latina: Curitiba (Brazil). Fundamental en este sentido es la evaluación que se hace de la experiencia y de las lecciones aprendidas para la gestión sostenible."