Bill to Sheriff Woodruff from J. B. Fowler

Bill to Sheriff Woodruff from J. B. Fowler for work done. This is accompanied by an envelope, Dec. 9, 1865.

Bill from Samuel Browne for furniture

Bill from Samuel Browne for furniture, Dec. 14, 1839.

Bill from Geoghegan and Co. Importers of Table Linen and Shirt and Stock Makers

Bill from Geoghegan and Co. Importers of Table Linen and Shirt and Stock Makers for clothing including cravats and hosiery, June 23, 1847 attached to receipt for Receipt from Family Linen Drapery, Shirt and Stock Warehouse, London England for payment on account, July 7, 1847.

Bill of Landing (copy) for packaged goods received at Port Hamilton

Bill of Landing (copy) for packaged goods received at Port Hamilton, Oct. 14, 1839.

Bill of landing (copy) for tea chest and boxes received at Port Hamilton

Bill of landing (copy) for tea chest and boxes received at Port Hamilton, Sept. 14, 1840.

Letter to Robert Nelles from Robert Stanton which was enclosed with copies of the Naturalization Bill

Letter to Robert Nelles from Robert Stanton which was enclosed with copies of the Naturalization Bill [the bill is not included with this letter] which he asks Mr. Nelles to distribute, Mar. 22, 1824.

Bill to Mr. R. Nelles from Wm. Atkinson and Co.,

Bill to Mr. R. Nelles from Wm. Atkinson and Co., Importers of Hardware, Hamilton for miscellaneous hardware item. There is a note on the bottom of the invoice from Wm. Atkinson requesting payment, Jan. 1850.

Financial Information Mediation: A Case Study of Standards Integration for Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Using the COIN Mediation Technology

Each player in the financial industry, each bank, stock exchange, government agency, or insurance company operates its own financial information system or systems. By its very nature, financial information, like the money that it represents, changes hands. Therefore the interoperation of financial information systems is the cornerstone of the financial services they support. E-services frameworks such as web services are an unprecedented opportunity for the flexible interoperation of financial systems. Naturally the critical economic role and the complexity of financial information led to the development of various standards. Yet standards alone are not the panacea: different groups of players use different standards or different interpretations of the same standard. We believe that the solution lies in the convergence of flexible E-services such as web-services and semantically rich meta-data as promised by the semantic Web; then a mediation architecture can be used for the documentation, identification, and resolution of semantic conflicts arising from the interoperation of heterogeneous financial services. In this paper we illustrate the nature of the problem in the Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) industry and the viability of the solution we propose. We describe and analyze the integration of services using four different formats: the IFX, OFX and SWIFT standards, and an example proprietary format. To accomplish this integration we use the COntext INterchange (COIN) framework. The COIN architecture leverages a model of sources and receivers’ contexts in reference to a rich domain model or ontology for the description and resolution of semantic heterogeneity.

De la galàxia Gutenberg a la galàxia Bill Gates. 'De la galaxia Gutenberg a la galaxia Bill Gates'.

Este artículo forma parte de la monografía 'Editar avui' (Editar hoy)

En torno a un reciente bill de educación.

Se ofrece el memorándum del Proyecto de Ley de Educación presentado en el Parlamento inglés en diciembre de 1943 por el Presidente del Departamento de Educación, que resulta ser un compendio de la nueva Ley de Educación inglesa que fue aprobada por ese Parlamento. Con la esa nueva Ley se pretendía reemplazar la vigente que existía en ese momento. Implicaba la reconstrucción del sistema de educación pública y por primera vez exigía el registro e inspección de las escuelas particulares.

The 2002 US Farm Bill: what's in it for CAP reform?

The 2002 U.S. Farm Bill (the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act or FSRIA) provides considerably more government subsidies for U.S. agriculture than Congress envisaged when it passed the preceding 1996–2002 FAIR Act. We review the FAIR record, showing how government subsidies increased greatly beyond those originally scheduled. For FSRIA, we outline key commodity, trade, and conservation and environmental provisions. We expect that the commodity programmes will: (a) encourage production when the market calls for less; (b) significantly increase subsidies over FAIR baseline subsidies; (c) press against current WTO and possible Doha Round support limits; and (d) aggravate trading partners. Finally, we suggest two lessons from the U.S. policy experience that might benefit those working on CAP and WTO reform. First, past research shows that farm programmes have little to do with the economic health of rural communities. Second, programme transparency, and especially public disclosure of the level of payments going to individual farmers, by name, influences the farm policy debate. Personalized data show what economists have long maintained—that the bulk of programme benefits go to a relatively few, large, producers—but do so in a way that captures the public and policy-makers' attention