Eladeb : un outil d'auto-évaluation des besoins

Eladeb est un instrument d'auto-évaluation des difficultés psychosociales et des besoins d'aide de patients psychiatriques. Basé sur une procédure de tri de cartes figuratives, l'outil se démarque des questionnaires et entretiens structurés présents dans l'évaluation psychométrique clinique, en proposant une activité ludique qui laisse aussi un large espace de dialogue pour l'expression qualitative des difficultés et des besoins. Les expériences conduites sur le terrain montrent qu'il est bien accepté par les patients et les professionnels. Après une brève présentation de l'instrument, cet article expose une vignette clinique ainsi que le témoignage de son utilisation dans le cadre d'une fonda~ion spécialisée dans le suivi de patients psychiatriques.

Cost of Illness and Contingent Valuation : Controlling for the Motivations of Expressed Preferences in an Attempt to Avoid Double-Counting

This paper addresses the issue of double counting of health impacts in the context of cost of illness valuation. Double counting occurs when estimates are jointly used, which rely on valuation techniques that overlap. As a solution, we propose to limit the scope of each of the valuation method to a specific range of impacts. In order to limit the contingentvaluation method to the exclusive valuation of intangible costs, we propose a three steps approach : (1) leave the respondents free to valuate the consequences which matter to them, (2) elicit respondent's motivations, (3) control for the influence motivations have on elicited values. This procedure was applied in a Swiss contingent-valuation. An econometric treatment was applied in order to limit the scope of the estimates of the contingent valuation method to intangibles,therefore the possibility to a combination of methods with the risk of double-counting and underestimating costs being kept to a minimum.

Avaluació Ambiental/ L'évaluation environnementale

L'objectiu d’aquesta fitxa tècnica és la difusió de la metodologia Anàlisi de Cicle de Vida, ACV, com a mètode per avaluar ambientalment l’agricultura ecològica, detectar els punts febles i aportar alternatives. Els estudis d’ACV utilitzen la metodologia proposada per les normatives ISO (ISO-14040, 2006; ISO-14044, 2006). Els estudis previs que l’han aplicat avalen la metodologia, mostrant que l’eina ACV reuneix les característiques d’objectivitat i transparència per a l’estudi de l’impacte ambiental de la producció agrària ecològica. Existeixen, però, aspectes metodològics poc desenvolupats que requeriran de futura recerca i que resumim en aquesta fitxa. Aspectes principalment relacionats amb la necessitat de bases de dades locals per una correcta realització dels inventaris i consens en les metodologies per anàlisis d’impactes relacionats principalment amb l’ús del sòl, biodiversitat i toxicitat.

All-Ireland Health Data Inventory. Part 1: Metadata for key data sources, version 1.0

The All-Ireland Health Data Inventory. Part 1 is a catalogue of key sources of health data in the Republic and Northern Ireland. It includes relevant datasets from the major information reviews, conducted in the North and South, in the past few years. Information is essential for informed decision making and service provision. This inventory draws together information sources to facilitate such decision making. The inventory is intended as a resource for health professionals, researchers and the general public, providing the first phase of a ‘one-stop’ catalogue of health data. The datasets have been catalogued using an expanding numbering system which will allow for the inclusion of future resources. The Institute of Public Health in Ireland is in the process of expanding the Inventory to include further data sources.

Validation of the French version of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC): Influence of gender and age on personality traits from 8 to 12 years

The study was designed to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version and the cross-language replicability of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC). The HiPIC is an instrument aimed at assessing the five dimensions of the Five-Factor Model for Children. Subjects were 552 children aged between 8 and 12 years, rated by one or both parents. At the domain level, reliability ranged from .83 to .93 and at the facet level, reliability ranged from .69 to .89. Differences between genders were congruent with those found in the Dutch sample. Girls scored higher on Benevolence and Conscientiousness. Age was negatively correlated with Extraversion and Imagination. For girls, we also observed a decrease of Emotional Stability. A series of exploratory factor analyses confirmed the overall five-factor structure for girls and boys. Targeted factor analyses and congruence coefficients revealed high cross-language replicability at the domain and at the facet levels. The results showed that the French version of the HiPIC is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing personality with children and has a particularly high cross-language replicability.

Validation of the post-delivery perceived stress inventory

This article presents the post-delivery perceived stress inventory (PDPSI) and its psychometric properties. This inventory is unique in that it links the measurement of perceived stress to events experienced during and after delivery. A total of 235 French-speaking, primiparous mothers completed the PDPSI two days after their delivery. To evaluate the predictive validity of the PDPSI on anxiety and depression, participants also completed the EPDS and the STAI two days and six weeks postpartum. The exploratory analysis revealed a 16-item structure divided into five factors: F1: relationship with the child; F2: delivery; F3: fatigue after delivery; F4: breastfeeding; and F5: relationship with the caregivers. The PDPSI demonstrated good internal consistency. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis produced excellent indices, indicating that the complexity of the PDPSI was taken into account and its fit to the sample. The discriminant analysis showed that the PDPSI was not sensitive to specific changes in the sample making the inventory generalizable to other populations. Predictive validity showed that the scale significantly predicted depression and anxiety in the early postpartum period as well as anxiety six weeks postpartum. Overall, the PDPSI showed excellent psychometric qualities, making it a useful tool for future research-evaluating interventions related to perceived stress during the postpartum period.

L'évaluation empirique des psychothérapies

Though considered by some as a difficult if not impossible task or even as a challenge or a sacrilege, research on the efficacy of psychotherapy has grown steadily over the past decade. After a brief survey of the most substantial results over 40 years, the article proceeds to point out risks and misunderstandings that have arisen between researchers and clinicians. In order to illustrate this issue, two frequently used concepts in research are presented: meta-analysis and therapeutic alliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)