Evaluation of the genotoxicity of waters impacted by domestic and industrial effluents of a highly industrialized region of So Paulo State, Brazil, by the comet assay in HTC cells

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a large South American industrial coastal area (Santos Estuary, Southeastern Brazil): Sources and depositional history

Located in southeastern Brazil, the Santos Estuary has the most important industrial and urban population area of South America. Since the 1950`s, increased urbanization and industrialization near the estuary margins has caused the degradation of mangroves and has increased the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents. The main objectives of this work were to determine the concentrations and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores in order to investigate the input of these substances in the last 50 years. The PAHs analyses indicated multiple sources of these compounds (oil and pyrolitic origin), basically anthropogenic contributions from biomass, coal and fossil fuels combustion. The distribution of PAHs in the cores was associated with the formation and development of Cubatao industrial complex and the Santos harbour, waste disposal, world oil crisis and the pollution control program, which results in the decrease of organic pollutants input in this area. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chapter 6 Economic integration and changes in industrial location in Vietnam

Vietnam has been praised for its achievements in economic growth and success in poverty reduction over the last two decades. The incidence of poverty reportedly fell from 58.1% in 1993 to 19.5% in 2004 (VASS [2006, 13]). The country is also considered to have only a moderate level of aggregate economic inequality by international comparisons. As of the early 2000s, Vietnam’s consumption-based Gini coefficient is found to be comparable to that of other countries with similar levels of per capita GDP. The Gini index did increase between 1993 and 2004, but rather slowly, from 0.34 to 0.37 (VASS [2006, 13]). Yet, as the country moves on with its market oriented reforms, the question of inequality has been highlighted in policy and academic discourses. In particular, it is pointed out that socio-economic inequalities between regions (or provinces) are significant and have been widening behind aggregate figures (NCSSH [2001], Mekong Economics [2005], VASS [2006]). Between 1993 and 2004, while real per capita expenditure increased in all regions, it grew fastest in those regions with the highest per capita expenditures and vice versa, resulting in greater regional disparities (VASS [2006, 37]). A major contributing factor to such regional inequalities is the uneven distribution of industry within the country. According to the Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam, of the country's gross industrial output in 2007, over 50% belongs to the South East region, close to 25% to the Red River Delta, and about 10% to the Mekong River Delta. All remaining regions share some 10% of the country's gross industrial output. At a quick glance, the South East increased its share of the total industrial gross output in the 1990s, while the Red River Delta started to gain ground in more recent years. How can the government deal with regional disparities is a valid question. In order to offer an answer, it is necessary in the first place to grasp the trend of disparities as well as its background. To that end, this paper is a preparatory endeavor. Regional disparities in industrial activities can essentially be seen as a result of the location decisions of enterprises. While the General Statistics Office (GSO) of Vietnam has conducted one enterprise census (followed by annual enterprise surveys) and two stages of establishment censuses since 2000, sectorally and geographically disaggregated data are not readily available. Therefore, for the moment, we will draw on earlier studies of industrial location and the determinants of enterprises’ location decisions in Vietnam. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. The following two sections deal with the country context. Section 2 will outline some major developments in Vietnam’s international economic relations that may affect sub-national location of industry. According to the theory of spatial economics, economic integration is seen as a major driver of changes in industrial location, both between and within countries (Nishikimi [2008]). Section 3, on the other hand, will consider some possible factors affecting geographic distribution of industry in the domestic sphere. In Section 4, existing literature on industrial and firm location will be examined, and Section 5 will briefly summarize the findings and suggest some areas for future research.

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, electric, solid rubber tires, 4,000 lbs. capacity, 144 in. lift.

"January 1964."

Operator's manual : truck, forklift, DED, pneumatic tire, articulated, frame steer, 4,000 lb. capacity, rough terrain, Army model MHE 237 (J.I. Case model M4K) (NSN 3930-01-076-4237).

"May 1980."

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, EMD, solid rubber tired wheels, 2000 lbs capacity, 144 in lift, Army model MHE 219, Allis Chalmers model FE20-24EE, FSN 3930-151-4432.

"June 1971."

Operator and organizational maintenance manual for truck, lift, fork, diesel engine, pneumatic tired wheels, rough terrain, 6,000 lb. capacity, 24 inch load center (Anthony model MLT-6, Army model MHE 200), NSN 3930-00-903-0900 ....

"July 1980."

Unit maintenance, direct support, and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, electric, solid rubber tires, 2,000 pound capacity, Army model MHE-197, Baker model FTD-020-EE, NSN 3930-00-724-4058, 100 in. lift ....

"August 1992."

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, GED, solid rubber tired wheels, 4000 lbs capacity, 180 in lift, Army model MHE 209, Allis Chalmers model F40-24PS, FSN 3930-459-5948.

"August 1970."

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2000 lbs capacity Army model MHE 182, NSN 3930-00-958-3682, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-100 and NSN 3930-00-958-3683, Allis-Chalmers model FT20-24PS-127.

"January 1984."

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 192, NSN 3930-00-781-3857, Clark model C20B-1632032-100, NSN 3930-00-781-3858, Clark model C20B-1632033-127.

"March 1984."

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, solid rubber tired wheels, 2,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 192, NSN 3930-00-781-3857, Clark model C20B-1632032-100, NSN 3930-00-781-3858, Clark model C20B-1632033-127.

Includes index.

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists (including depot maintenance repair parts and special tools lists) : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, pneumatic tired wheels, 15,000 lb capacity, 210 in. lift height, Army model MHE-178, NSN 3930-00-897-4632, Hyster model H150C, Army model MHE 178A, NSN 3930-01-054-3894 ...

Includes index.

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, 4,000 lbs capacity, Army model MHE 190, NSN 3930-00-926-3807, TOW motor model 502PG4024-100 (pneumatic tire), Army model MHE 190, Army model MHE 190A, Army model MHE 190B, NSN 3930-00-073-9222, TOW motor model 502PG4024-144 (pneumatic tire) ...

Includes index.

Organizational maintenance repair parts and special tools lists : truck, lift, fork, gasoline, pneumatic tired wheels, 15,000 lb capacity, 210 in lift height, Army model MHE-178, NSN 3930-00-897-4632, Hyster model H150C, Army model MHE 178A, NSN 3930-01-054-3894, Hyster model H150C, Army model MHE 178B, NSN 3930-01-054-3895, Hyster model H150C, Army model MHE 178C ...

Includes index.