MixAR mobile prototype: visualizing virtually reconstructed ancient structures in situ

Archeology and related areas have a special interest on cultural heritage sites since they provide valuable information about past civilizations. However, the ancient buildings present in these sites are commonly found in an advanced state of degradation which difficult the professional/expert analysis. Virtual reconstructions of such buildings aim to provide a digital insight of how these historical places could have been in ancient times. Moreover, the visualization of such models has been explored by some Augmented Reality (AR) systems capable of providing support to experts. Their compelling and appealing environments have also been applied to promote the social and cultural participation of general public. The existing AR solutions regarding this thematic rarely explore the potential of realism, due to the following lacks: the exploration of mixed environments is usually only supported for indoors or outdoors, not both in the same system; the adaptation of the illumination conditions to the reconstructed structures is rarely addressed causing a decrease of credibility. MixAR [1] is a system concerned with those challenges, aiming to provide the visualization of virtual buildings augmented upon real ruins, allowing soft transitions among its interiors and exteriors and using relighting techniques for a faithful interior illumination, while the user freely moves in a given cultural heritage site, carrying a mobile unit. Regarding the focus of this paper, we intend to report the current state of MixAR mobile unit prototype, which allows visualizing virtual buildings – properly aligned with real-world structures – based on user's location, during outdoor navigation. In order to evaluate the prototype performance, a set of tests were made using virtual models with different complexities.

RAPD em Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): adaptação do método para coleta de amostras in situ, ajuste das condições de PCR e apresentação de um processo para selecionar bandas reprodutíveis

O Pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) é uma espécie importante economicamente para a Região Amazônica, porque sua madeira é fonte de linalol, insumo utilizado pelas perfumarias. Esta espécie foi explorada durante décadas e, ainda assim, o conhecimento acerca da diversidade genética intra-específica é muito restrito. Foram objetivos deste trabalho: 1) validar um protocolo para coleta de folhas de pau-rosa que permitisse preservar a integridade do DNA até a estocagem em "freezer"; 2) selecionar um protocolo para extração de DNA em quantidade e qualidade adequadas para geração de bandas RAPD e 3) desenvolver um critério para avaliar o grau de reprodutibilidade que pudesse auxiliar a seleção de bandas RAPD úteis para análises de diversidade genética. Imediatamente após a coleta, as folhas foram acondicionadas em tubos de polietileno com sílica gel e aí permaneceram por até 10 dias. Foram testados três protocolos para a extração de ácidos nucléicos destas folhas, condições ideais para as PCR e a reprodutibilidade dos padrões RAPD. Critérios para a eliminação das bandas que mais contribuíram para o afastamento dos resultados do ideal da reprodutibilidade total foram desenvolvidos e a significância estatística das diferenças geradas pela aplicação dos critérios ao conjunto de dados foi testada. DNA com qualidade e em quantidade suficiente para a geração de padrões RAPD, nas condições ideais definidas para as PCRs, foi obtido. A eliminação de bandas com reprodutibilidade menor que 70% não diferiu do controle. A eliminação de bandas com reprodutibilidade menor que 90% diferiu dos demais tratamentos em todos os arranjos testados (P < 5%).

One-step in situ synthesis of polyamide microcapsules with inorganic payload and their transformation into responsive thermoplastic composite materials

Well-dispersed loads of finely powdered metals, metal oxides, several carbon allotropes or nanoclays are incorporated into highly porous polyamide 6 microcapsules in controllable amounts via an original one-step in situ fabrication technique. It is based on activated anionic polymerization (AAP) of ε-caprolactam in a hydrocarbon solvent performed in the presence of the respective micro- or nanosized loads. The forming microcapsules with typical diameters of 25-50 µm entrap up to 40 wt% of load. Their melt processing produces hybrid thermoplastic composites. Mechanical, electric conductivity and magnetic response measurements show that transforming of in situ loaded microcapsules into composites by melt processing (MP) is a facile and rapid method to fabricate materials with high mechanical resistance and electro-magnetic characteristics sufficient for many industrial applications. This novel concept requires low polymerization temperatures, no functionalization or compatibilization of the loads and it is easy to scale up at industrial production levels.

Time-variations of equivalent water heights'from Grace Mission and in-situ river stages in the Amazon basin

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission is dedicated to measuring temporal variations of the Earth's gravity field. In this study, the Stokes coefficients made available by Groupe de Recherche en Géodésie Spatiale (GRGS) at a 10-day interval were converted into equivalent water height (EWH) for a ~4-year period in the Amazon basin (from July-2002 to May-2006). The seasonal amplitudes of EWH signal are the largest on the surface of Earth and reach ~ 1250mm at that basin's center. Error budget represents ~130 mm of EWH, including formal errors on Stokes coefficient, leakage errors (12 ~ 21 mm) and spectrum truncation (10 ~ 15 mm). Comparison between in situ river level time series measured at 233 ground-based hydrometric stations (HS) in the Amazon basin and vertically-integrated EWH derived from GRACE is carried out in this paper. Although EWH and HS measure different water bodies, in most of the cases a high correlation (up to ~80%) is detected between the HS series and EWH series at the same site. This correlation allows adjusting linear relationships between in situ and GRACE-based series for the major tributaries of the Amazon river. The regression coefficients decrease from up to down stream along the rivers reaching the theoretical value 1 at the Amazon's mouth in the Atlantic Ocean. The variation of the regression coefficients versus the distance from estuary is analysed for the largest rivers in the basin. In a second step, a classification of the proportionality between in situ and GRACE time-series is proposed.

Discrimination of bacteriophage infected cells using locked nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (LNA-FISH)

Bacteriophage-host interaction studies in biofilm structures are still challenging due to the technical limitations of traditional methods. The aim of this study was to provide a direct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method based on locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes, which targets the phage replication phase, allowing the study of population dynamics during infection. Bacteriophages specific for two biofilm-forming bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter, were selected. Four LNA probes were designed and optimized for phage-specific detection and for bacterial counterstaining. To validate the method, LNA-FISH counts were compared with the traditional plaque forming unit (PFU) technique. To visualize the progression of phage infection within a biofilm, colony-biofilms were formed and infected with bacteriophages. A good correlation (r=0.707) was observed between LNA-FISH and PFU techniques. In biofilm structures, LNA-FISH provided a good discrimination of the infected cells and also allowed the assessment of the spatial distribution of infected and non-infected populations.

Optimization of peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) for the detection of bacteria: the effect of pH, dextran sulfate and probe concentration

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular technique widely used for the detection and characterization of microbial populations. FISH is affected by a wide variety of abiotic and biotic variables and the way they interact with each other. This is translated into a wide variability of FISH procedures found in the literature. The aim of this work is to systematically study the effects of pH, dextran sulfate and probe concentration in the FISH protocol, using a general peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe for the Eubacteria domain. For this, response surface methodology was used to optimize these 3 PNA-FISH parameters for Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) and Gram-positive species (Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus). The obtained results show that a probe concentration higher than 300 nM is favorable for both groups. Interestingly, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding the optimal pH and dextran sulfate concentration was found: a high pH (approx. 10), combined with lower dextran sulfate concentration (approx. 2% [w/v]) for Gram-negative species and near-neutral pH (approx. 8), together with higher dextran sulfate concentrations (approx. 10% [w/v]) for Gram-positive species. This behavior seems to result from an interplay between pH and dextran sulfate and their ability to influence probe concentration and diffusion towards the rRNA target. This study shows that, for an optimum hybridization protocol, dextran sulfate and pH should be adjusted according to the target bacteria.

Williams-Beuren syndrome: cardiovascular abnormalities in 20 patients diagnosed with fluorescence in situ hybridization

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiovascular findings and clinical follow-up of patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome. METHODS: We studied 20 patients (11 males, mean age at diagnosis: 5.9 years old), assessed for cardiovascular abnormalities with electrocardiography and Doppler echocardiography. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the diagnosis of the syndrome. RESULTS: Elastin gene locus microdeletion was detected in 17 patients (85%) (positive FISH), and in 3 patients deletion was not detected (negative FISH). Sixteen patients with a positive FISH (94%) had congenital cardiovascular disease (mean age at diagnosis: 2,3 years old). We observed isolated (2/16) supravalvular aortic stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis associated (11/16) with pulmonary artery stenosis (4/11); mitral valve prolapse (3/11); bicuspid aortic valve (3/11); aortic coarctation (2/11), thickened pulmonary valve (2/11); pulmonary valvular stenosis (1/11); supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (1/11); valvular aortic stenosis (1/11); fixed subaortic stenosis (1/11); pulmonary artery stenosis (2/16) associated with pulmonary valvar stenosis (1/2) and with mitral valve prolapse (1/2); and isolated mitral valve prolapse (1/16). Four patients with severe supravalvular aortic stenosis underwent surgery (mean age: 5.7 years old), and 2 patients had normal pressure gradients (mean follow-up: 8.4 years). CONCLUSION: A detailed cardiac evaluation must be performed in all patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome due to the high frequency of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Ensayos de colapsibilidad in situ

En esta investigación se plantea la ejecución de ensayos in situ para medir la colapsibilidad de los suelos loéssicos de la ciudad de Córdoba. Actualmente las metodologías más comunes para realizar ensayos de colapsibilidad son de laboratorio. Esto supone una serie de inconvenientes y, en cierto modo, algunas indeterminaciones al querer transferir a la realidad del comportamiento del suelo las determinaciones de laboratorio, en especial en cuanto a los asentamientos. Por su parte, existen suelos limo-arenosos o arenas finas-limosas muy difíciles o casi imposibles de muestrear, por tratarse de suelos sumamente friables, en los que no resultan de aplicación los métodos de laboratorio. En este tipo de suelos es de especial interés el desarrollo de una técnica para la ejecución de ensayos de colapsibilidad in situ. La intención del trabajo de investigación planteado es el desarrollo de la técnica de ensayo in situ y su calibración por comparación con ensayos de laboratorio. Con la información adquirida se evaluarán los resultados y se enunciarán las conclusiones pertinentes. Objetivos generales: * Estudiar la caracterización de los suelos colapsables. * Proponer metodologías alternativas de estudio de estos suelos. Objetivos específicos: * Determinaciones comparativas de ensayos de campaña y laboratorio. * Definir aspectos metodológicos-prácticos para la realización sistemática de estos ensayos

ESTUDIOS CITOGENÉTICOS EN CACTACEAE Y SOLANACEAE: MAPEO FÍSICO DE SECUENCIAS DE ADN REPETITIVO POR HIBRIDACIÓN IN SITU FLUORESCENTE (FISH)

En este proyecto propone aplicar técnicas de citogenética molecular analizando principalmente patrones de distribución de secuencias de ADN repetitivo, en especies sudamericanas de Cactaceae (Notocacteae, Trichocereeae, Hylocereae y Rhipsalideae) y Solanaceae (Cestroideae, Nicotianoideae, Petunioideae, Schizanthoideae, Schwenckioideae y Solanoideae). Las tres familias presentan importantes centros de diversificación en Sudamérica y un enorme interés desde el punto de vista económico, biológico y ecológico. Para lo cual serán utilizadas técnicas de coloración convencional y de hibridación in situ fluorescente (FISH) en especies de diferentes tribus y subfamilias. Estos estudios cariotípicos, en especial la distribución de secuencias de ADN repetitivo, permitirán explorar nuevos aspectos de la diferenciación cromosómica, aportando marcadores cromosómicos que podrían ser utilizados en estudios de evolución cariotípica y ser importantes para robustecer la comprensión de relaciones sistemáticas y filogenéticas. Los estudios citogenéticos en estas familias son esenciales para contribuir al conocimiento de su origen, diversificación y evolución, como así también para colaborar con el diseño de estrategias de mejoramiento genético de especies cultivadas y conservación de especies amenazadas.

Wideband impedance spectrum analyzer with arbitry fine frequency resolution for in situ sensor applications

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Diss., 2009

Spektroskopische in situ-Untersuchungen der katalytischen CO-Oxidation an oxidmodifizierten Platinmetalloberflächen

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Verfahrens- und Systemtechnik, Diss., 2010

In situ Röntgen-CT Untersuchung des mechanischen Verhaltens eines Polymerhartschaumstoffes im Zugversuch

Die Mesostruktur von Werkstoffen wie Faserverbundwerkstoffen und Schaumstoffen beeinflusst deren mechanisches Verhalten wesentlich. Die inneren Strukturen des Werkstoffes müssen in die Analyse des Verformungs- und Versagensverhaltens einbezogen werden. Die Röntgenanalyse, insbesondere die Röntgen-Computertomographie (Röntgen-CT) ermöglicht eine zerstörungsfreie 3-dimensionale (3-d) Visualisierungund Charakterisierung innerer Strukturen. Für die Untersuchung des Einflusses der Mesostruktur eines Polymethacrymlid-Hartschaumstoffes auf das mechanische Verhalten speziell unter zugbelastung sollte eine speziell vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoffmechanik in Halle entwickelte In-situ-Verformungseinrichtung erprobt werden. Die Anlage wurde speziell für den Zugversuch optimiert. Es folgten mechanische Experimente, die mit den 3d-Bilddaten der Zellstruktur des Schaumstoffes korrelieren. Die ermittelten Bilddaten werden mit Hilfe einer Bildanalysesoftware ausgewertet und Rückschlüsse auf Verformungs- und Versagensverhalten grtroffen.

The Discrimination of Colored Acrylic, Cotton, and Wool Textile Fibers Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Part 1 : In Situ Detection and Characterization of Dyes

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to characterize fiber dyes and determine the discriminating ability of the method. Black, blue, and red acrylic, cotton, and wool samples were analyzed. Four excitation sources were used to obtain complementary responses in the case of fluorescent samples. Fibers that did not provide informative spectra using a given laser were usually detected using another wavelength. For any colored acrylic, the 633-nm laser did not provide Raman information. The 514-nm laser provided the highest discrimination for blue and black cotton, but half of the blue cottons produced noninformative spectra. The 830-nm laser exhibited the highest discrimination for red cotton. Both visible lasers provided the highest discrimination for black and blue wool, and NIR lasers produced remarkable separation for red and black wool. This study shows that the discriminating ability of Raman spectroscopy depends on the fiber type, color, and the laser wavelength.

Modeling of in-situ crystallization processes in the Permian mafic layered intrusion of Mont Collon (Dent Blanche nappe, western Alps)

The Mont Collon mafic complex is one of the best preserved examples of the Early Permian magmatism in the Central Alps, related to the intra-continental collapse of the Variscan belt. It mostly consists (> 95 vol.%) of ol+hy-nonnative plagioclase-wehrlites, olivine- and cpx-gabbros with cumulitic structures, crosscut by acid dikes. Pegmatitic gabbros, troctolites and anorthosites outcrop locally. A well-preserved cumulative, sequence is exposed in the Dents de Bertol area (center of intrusion). PT-calculations indicate that this layered magma chamber emplaced at mid-crustal levels at about 0.5 GPa and 1100 degrees C. The Mont Collon cumulitic rocks record little magmatic differentiation, as illustrated by the restricted range of clinopyroxene mg-number (Mg#(cpx)=83-89). Whole-rock incompatible trace-element contents (e.g. Nb, Zr, Ba) vary largely and without correlation with major-element composition. These features are characteristic of an in-situ crystallization process with variable amounts of interstitial liquid L trapped between the cumulus mineral phases. LA-ICPMS measurements show that trace-element distribution in the latter is homogeneous, pointing to subsolidus re-equilibration between crystals and interstitial melts. A quantitative modeling based on Langmuir's in-situ crystallization equation successfully duplicated the REE concentrations in cumulitic minerals of all rock facies of the intrusion. The calculated amounts of interstitial liquid L vary between 0 and 35% for degrees of differentiation F of 0 to 20%, relative to the least evolved facies of the intrusion. L values are well correlated with the modal proportions of interstitial amphibole and whole-rock incompatible trace-element concentrations (e.g. Zr, Nb) of the tested samples. However, the in-situ crystallization model reaches its limitations with rock containing high modal content of REE-bearing minerals (i.e. zircon), such as pegmatitic gabbros. Dikes of anorthositic composition, locally crosscutting the layered lithologies, evidence that the Mont Collon rocks evolved in open system with mixing of intercumulus liquids of different origins and possibly contrasting compositions. The proposed model is not able to resolve these complex open systems, but migrating liquids could be partly responsible for the observed dispersion of points in some correlation diagrams. Absence of significant differentiation with recurrent lithologies in the cumulitic pile of Dents de Bertol points to an efficiently convective magma chamber, with possible periodic replenishment, (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.