南アフリカにおける農場労働者のストライキをめぐる一考察

2012年11月～2013年1月、南アフリカ共和国西ケープ州の20を超える農場地帯においてストライキが発生した。幾人かの識者が「歴史的」と表現した同ストライキは大きな注目を集め、農場労働者の賃金や待遇をめぐる問題の重要性を改めて喚起した。ストライキを収束させるため、政府は農場労働者に対する法定最低賃金の見直しを約束し、2013年3月1日には農場労働者の最低賃金が日給105ランドに改定された。農場労働者が要求していた日給150ランドには及ばなかったものの、それまでの最低賃金を50％以上も上回る大幅な上昇改定であった。本稿はこのストライキについて3つの観点から考察を加える。第一に、ぶどう生産地デドゥランズ（De Doorns）を震源地として起こったストライキの発生から収束までの経緯を整理する。第二に、農業部門における雇用環境の変化を見ることを通じて、農場労働者のストライキがなぜ起こったのか、その背景要因を探る。第三に、「自然発生的」と報道されたストライキが実際にはローカルな農場労働者の自治組織によって主導されていたことを確認したうえで、ストライキと賃金をめぐる交渉に外部の支援組織が介入するようになった結果、労働者の主体性にどのような変化が生じたのかについて考察する。

[Colección de fotografías de Ayora, año 1915] [ [Material gráfico].]

[1]. Camino hacia Ayora desde Teresa de Cofrentes, al borde del camino José Abarca Sueño, Engracia López Roglá, Rosaliá Roglá López y Máximo López Roglá, 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [2-3]. La abuela Vicenta Alarte Gómez, sentada en un patio rodeada de macetas, hace ganchillo, 1915 (2 par estereoscópico) (2 fot.) – [4]. Niña con sombrero en una escalera con macetas (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [5]. Grupo familiar: de pie, José Abarca Sueño con Engracia López Roglá, sentados, Máximo López Roglá y Rosalía Roglá López en el patio de la casa de la familia calle Empedrá nº 20 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [6-7]. José Roglá López sentado con bastón y de pie en el patio de una casa (2 fot.) – [8]. La familia Roglá Lopez comiendo en armonía, se puede ver a la izquierda a Jose Roglá Alarte junto a su cuñada Carmen Lopez Alarte y a su lado su sobrina Amparito Lopez Garín, a la derecha Jose Roglá Lopez y Rosalía Roglá Lopez junto a su abuelo materno Mariano Lopez Benlloch, 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [9]. Carmen López Blat, Rosalía Roglá López y Francisco Roglá López en el jardín de la casa, 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [10]. Rosalía Roglá López y José Roglá López en el jardín, Ayora 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [11]. El abuelo materno José Roglá López (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [12]. Carmen López Blat con su padre aireando el trigo, detrás algunos trabajadores, Ayora 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [13-15]. José Roglá López en los trabajos del campo con dos hombres, mula con aperos de labranza (arado) de madera, 1915 (3 pares estereoscópicos) (3 fot.) – [16]. José Roglá López junto a un almendro, Ayora 1915 (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [17]. Juan Roglá Garrido (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [18]. Grupo familiar en la pinada de la casa (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [19]. Juan Roglá Garrido junto con cuatro hombres en el campo llevan sombrero (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [20]. Dos hombres junto a una balsa de agua (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [21]. Ayora “casa Benito”, sentados, Máximo López Roglá, José Abarca Sueño, Engracia López Roglá y Rosalía Roglá López, en pié los caseros? (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [22]. Engracia López Roglá con su hijo pequeño y Rosalía Roglá López en el salón de “casa Benito”, al fondo chimenea y una mujer atizando el fuego (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [23]. Engracia López Roglá, Máximo López Lázaro y Máximo López Roglá los dos hermanos con su padre en su finca “casa Benito” de Ayora (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [24]. Engracia López Roglá con su prima Rosalía Roglá López en el campo de Ayora (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [25]. José Abarca Sueño con su mujer Engracia López Roglá en su finca de “casa Benito” en Ayora (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [26]. Pozo en “casa Benito” de Ayora, dos mujeres y dos hombres alrededor (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [27]. En el campo pérgola con techo de paja con tres hombres (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [28-29]. En el río de Ayora Rosalía Roglá López, Engracia, Máximo López Roglá y otro familiar sin identificar, comida familiar en el río (2 par estereoscópico) (2 fot.) – [30]. Máximo López Roglá, José Abarca Sueño, Engracia López Roglá y Rosalía Roglá López en el campo (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [31-34]. Un grupo familiar acude a la siega, José Abarca Sueño y Máximo López Roglá participando en la recolección del grano (4 par estereoscópico) (4 fot.) – [35]. Máximo López Roglá con otro hombre, en una carreta tirada por un caballo, Ayora (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [36]. Dos mujeres lavando en el río, a su lado dos hombres sobre un burro (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [37]. Chopera junto al río (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [38]. Máximo López Roglá, José Abarca Sueño, Engracia López Roglá, Rosalía Roglá López y una mujer sin identificar en el campo, sentados comiendo, junto a ellos en el suelo una cesta de mimbre (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.) – [39-42]. Francisco Roglá López de cacería en Ayora, sentado junto a un árbol con el fusil en el regazo, de pié sujetando el fusil junto al río, junto a su perro de caza, Máximo López Roglá y José Abarca Sueño de cacería en Ayora (4 par estereoscópico) (4 fot.) – [43]. Máximo López Roglá y José Abarca Sueño montados en dos burros (1 par estereoscópico) (1 fot.)

Foreign words in the English of textiles

All references and quotations to be made to the original, i.e. Balteiro Fernández, M. Isabel. 2009. “Foreign Words in the English of Textiles”. In Linde, A. and Crespo, R. Ed. Professional English in the European Context: The EHEA Challenge. Bern: Peter Lang. Pp. 127-150

Sea-surface temperature reconstruction for sediment core GeoB1023-5

Sediment core GeoB 1023-5 from the eastern South Atlantic was investigated at high temporal resolution for variations of sea-surface temperature (SST) during the past 22 kyr, using the alkenone (UK'37) method. SSTs increased by 3.5°C from about 18°C during the Last Ice Age (21±2 cal kyr BP) to about 21.5°C at 14.5 cal kyr BP. This warming trend associated with the deglaciation phase was followed by a cooling event with lowest SSTs near 20°C, persisting for about 1000 years between 13 and 12 cal kyr BP. The SSTs then continued to increase to about 22.5°C at the Holocene climatic optimum at 7 cal kyr BP, and decreased again during the Late Holocene to a core-top value of 19.8°C that is comparable to modern annual mean SST values. When compared with alkenone SST records from the eastern North Atlantic, our SST record indicates continuous warming throughout the deglaciation phase in the Benguela Current, while its northern counterpart, the Canary Current, experienced prominent cooling during 'Heinrich Event 1' (H1). On the other hand, for the time period corresponding to the 'Younger Dryas' (YD) cooling event, the Benguela SST record exhibits a cold-temperature interval that corresponds to that observed in the eastern North Atlantic SST records. This observation suggests that interhemispheric climate response in Atlantic eastern boundary current systems was different with respect to the two abrupt climate events associated with Termination I. For the H1, the eastern South Atlantic SST record strongly supports the hypothesis that an 'anti-phase' thermal behavior in South Atlantic surface waters was forced by the slowdown of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation during cold spells in the North Atlantic. In contrast, the abrupt cooling in the eastern South Atlantic coincident with the YD period was probably induced by more vigorous global atmospheric circulation, enhancing the upwelling intensity in both eastern boundary current systems. This atmospheric control may have overridden any effect caused by changes in thermohaline circulation on the South Atlantic SSTs during the YD, which leads to the assumption that the thermohaline circulation was already much closer to its interglacial mode during the YD than during the H1.

Einleitung in Talmud und Midras̆,

"Literatur": p. 116, 150-194.

Variation in mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics in Bocas del Toro, Panama

Mangrove forest structure and sediment characteristics were examined in the extensive mangroves of Bocas del Toro, Republic of Panama. Forest structure was characterized to determine if spatial vegetation patterns were repeated over the Bocas del Toro landscape. Using a series of permanent plots and transects we found that the forests of Bocas del Toro were dominated by Rhizophora maugle with very few individuals of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. Despite this low species diversity, there was large variation in forest structure and in edaphic conditions (salinity, concentration of available phosphorus, Eh and sulphide concentration). Aboveground biomass varied 20-fold, from 6.8 Mg ha(-1) in dwarf forests to 194.3 Mg ha(-1) in the forests fringing the land. But variation in forest structure was predictable across the intertidal zone. There was a strong tree height gradient from seaward fringe (mean tree height 3.9 m), decreasing in stature in the interior dwarf forests (mean tree height 0.7 m), and increasing in stature in forests adjacent to the terrestrial forest (mean tree height 4.1 m). The predictable variation in forest structure emerges due to the complex interactions among edaphic and plant factors. Identifying predictable patterns in forest structure will aid in scaling up the ecosystem services provided by mangrove forests in coastal landscapes.

Dimeric allylpalladium(II) complexes with pyrazolate bridges: Synthesis, characterization, structure and thermal behaviour

The synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of some new dimeric allylpalladium (II) complexes bridged by pyrazolate ligands are reported. The complexes [Pd(mu-3, 5-R'(2)pz)(eta(3)-CH2C(R)CH2)](2) [R = H; R'= CH(CH3)(2) (1a); R = H, R' = C(CH3)(3) (1b), R = H; R' = CF3 (1c); R = CH3, R' = CH(CH3)(2) (2a); R = CH3, R' = C(CH3)(3) (2b); and R = CH3, R' = CF3 (2c)] have been prepared by the room temperature reaction of [Pd(eta(3)-CH2C(R)CH2)(acac)](acac = acetylacetonate) with 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles in acetonitrile solution. The complexes have been characterized by NMR (H-1, C-13{H-1}), FT-IR, and elemental analyses. The structure of a representative complex, viz. 2c, has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The dinuclear molecule features two formally square planar palladium centres which are bridged by two pyrazole ligands and the coordination of each metal centre is completed by allyl substituents. The molecule has non-crystallographic mirror symmetry. Thermogravimetric studies have been carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of these complexes. Most of the complexes thermally decompose in argon atmosphere to give nanocrystals of palladium, which have been characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. However, complex 2c can be sublimed in vacuo at 2 mbar without decomposition. The equilibrium vapour pressure of 2c has been measured by the Knudsen effusion technique. The vapour pressure of the complex 2c could be expressed by the relation: In (p/Pa)(+/- 0.06) = -18047.3/T + 46.85. The enthalpy and entropy of vapourization are found to be 150.0 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) and 389.5 +/- 8 J K-1 mol(-1), respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lernheft zum Seminar "Selbstmanagement" im Teilmodul "Persönlichkeit und Führung"

Dieses Lernheft gibt Ihnen die Möglichkeit, sich umfassend über das Thema Selbstmanagement zu informieren und das Werkzeug, um Selbstmanagement anzuwenden.

Authentische Führung und Persönlichkeit

In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst geklärt, was der Begriff Authentizität beinhaltet und was entsprechend authentische Führung bedeutet. Im dritten Kapitel geht es ausführlich um den Begriff der Persönlichkeit und ausgewählte Theorien der Persönlichkeitspsychologie. Das vierte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit Professionalität und professioneller Führung. Anschließend werden die Ausführungen stärker auf die berufliche Praxis bezogen. Im fünften Kapitel werden zwei ausgewählte Persönlichkeitstests vorgestellt, die auch in Unternehmen im Recruitment von Führungskräften eingesetzt werden. Das sechste Kapitel befasst sich mit Konzepten und Techniken zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung. Im siebten Kapitel wird noch einmal ein Fazit gezogen. Die in der Einleitung aufgeworfenen Fragen werden zusammenfassend beantwortet.

Führungserfolg durch Führungspersönlichkeit und Führungsverhalten

Zunächst werden ausgewählte Theorien und Modelle zu Persönlichkeit dargestellt, der Bezug zu Führungseigenschaften und Führungsverhalten wird gezogen. Im dritten Kapitel wird Führung definiert und vertiefend erläutert. Nach einem Modell von Schulz von Thun werden in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln Wesensgemäße Führung, Situationsgerechte Führung sowie Metakommunikative Führung anhand ausgewählter Modelle erörtert. Danach wird spezifisch auf die Führungsbeziehung eingegangen (wobei natürlich auch Kommunikation sich bereits mit der Beziehung von Führungskraft und Mitarbeiter befasst). Abschließend werden die eingangs aufgeworfenen Fragen beantwortet.

Awareness and Learning in Participatory Noise Sensing

The development of ICT infrastructures has facilitated the emergence of new paradigms for looking at society and the environment over the last few years. Participatory environmental sensing, i.e. directly involving citizens in environmental monitoring, is one example, which is hoped to encourage learning and enhance awareness of environmental issues. In this paper, an analysis of the behaviour of individuals involved in noise sensing is presented. Citizens have been involved in noise measuring activities through the WideNoise smartphone application. This application has been designed to record both objective (noise samples) and subjective (opinions, feelings) data. The application has been open to be used freely by anyone and has been widely employed worldwide. In addition, several test cases have been organised in European countries. Based on the information submitted by users, an analysis of emerging awareness and learning is performed. The data show that changes in the way the environment is perceived after repeated usage of the application do appear. Specifically, users learn how to recognise different noise levels they are exposed to. Additionally, the subjective data collected indicate an increased user involvement in time and a categorisation effect between pleasant and less pleasant environments.

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 150 - Brief von Gustav Kanngießer an Friedrich Stoltze

Persönliche Nachrichten, "Der rothe Schornsteinfeger"

Ms.Ff.F.Stoltze 3. 194 - Brief von Adolf Meaubert an Friedrich Stoltze

Franz Wallner, Alexandre Dumas, Wilhelm Keller, Vorschlag, ein Theaterstück für ihn zu bearbeiten, Idee zu einer Posse, Vorschlag einer Hampelmann-Bühnenfassung