Erratum: Ureasilicate hybrid coatings for corrosion protection of galvanized steel in cementitious media

Artigo completo publicado na revista "Journal of The Electrochemical Society" 160:10 (2013) 467-479 e disponível no RepositóriUM em: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33855

Erratum: Alcohol-aminosilicate hybrid coatings for corrosion protection of galvanized steel in mortar

Artigo completo publicado na revista "Journal of The Electrochemical Society" 161:6 (2014) C349-C362 e disponível no RepositóriUM em: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33784

Erratum: Erratum: Alcohol-aminosilicate hybrid coatings for corrosion protection of galvanized steel in mortar

Artigo completo publicado na revista "Journal of The Electrochemical Society" 161:6 (2014) C349-C362 e disponível no RepositóriUM em: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/33784. Errata disponível no RepositóriUM em: http://hdl.handle.net/1822/40064. (Publisher’s note: An erratum that addressed the errors in Figure 9 was originally published on Dec. 10, 2014, however the graphs in that erratum were not correct.)

Assessing the suitability of the minimum capture size and protection regimes in the gooseneck barnacle shellfishery

The suitability of a total-length-based, minimum capture-size and different protection regimes was investigated for the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes shellfishery in N Spain. For this analysis, individuals that were collected from 10 sites under different fishery protection regimes (permanently open, seasonally closed, and permanently closed) were used. First, we applied a non-parametric regression model to explore the relationship between the capitulum Rostro-Tergum (RT) size and the Total Length (TL). Important heteroskedastic disturbances were detected for this relationship, demon- strating a high variability of TL with respect to RT. This result substantiates the unsuitability of a TL-based minimum size by means of a mathematical model. Due to these disturbances, an alternative growth- based minimum capture size of 26.3 mm RT (23 mm RC) was estimated using the first derivative of a Kernel-based non-parametric regression model for the relationship between RT and dry weight. For this purpose, data from the permanently protected area were used to avoid bias due to the fishery. Second, the size-frequency distribution similarity was computed using a MDS analysis for the studied sites to evaluate the effectiveness of the protection regimes. The results of this analysis indicated a positive effect of the permanent protection, while the effect of the seasonal closure was not detected. This result needs to be interpreted with caution because the current harvesting based on a potentially unsuitable mini- mum capture size may dampen the efficacy of the seasonal protection regime.

Os efeitos do processo de insolvência nas relações patrimoniais entre os cônjuges

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário

Reduction of QTc interval dispersion. Potential mechanism of cardiac protection of pyridostigmine bromide

OBJECTIVE: Parasympathetic dysfunction is an independent risk factor in individuals with coronary artery disease, and cholinergic stimulation is a potential therapeutical option. We determined the effects of pyridostigmine bromide, a reversible anticholinesterase agent, on electrocardiographic variables of healthy individuals. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. We obtained electrocardiographic tracings in 12 simultaneous leads of 10 healthy young individuals at rest before and after oral administration of 45 mg of pyridostigmine or placebo. RESULTS: Pyridostigmine increased RR intervals (before: 886±27 ms vs after: 1054±37 ms) and decreased QTc dispersion (before: 72±9ms vs after: 45±3ms), without changing other electrocardiographic variables (PR segment, QT interval, QTc, and QT dispersion). CONCLUSION: Bradycardia and the reduction in QTc dispersion induced by pyridostigmine may effectively represent a protective mechanism if these results can be reproduced in individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

Vermiculite bio-barriers for Cu and Zn remediation: an eco-friendly approach for freshwater and sediments protection

The increase in heavy metal contamination in freshwater systems causes serious environmental problems in most industrialized countries, and the effort to find ecofriendly techniques for reducing water and sediment contamination is fundamental for environmental protection. Permeable barriers made of natural clays can be used as low-cost and eco-friendly materials for adsorbing heavy metals from water solution and thus reducing the sediment contamination. This study discusses the application of permeable barriers made of vermiculite clay for heavy metals remediation at the interface between water and sediments and investigates the possibility to increase their efficiency by loading the vermiculite surface with a microbial biofilm of Pseudomonas putida, which is well known to be a heavy metal accumulator. Some batch assays were performed to verify the uptake capacity of two systems and their adsorption kinetics, and the results indicated that the vermiculite bio-barrier system had a higher removal capacity than the vermiculite barrier (?34.4 and 22.8 % for Cu and Zn, respectively). Moreover, the presence of P. putida biofilm strongly contributed to fasten the kinetics of metals adsorption onto vermiculite sheets. In open-system conditions, the presence of a vermiculite barrier at the interface between water and sediment could reduce the sediment contamination up to 20 and 23 % for Cu and Zn, respectively, highlighting the efficiency of these eco-friendly materials for environmental applications. Nevertheless, the contribution of microbial biofilm in open-system setup should be optimized, and some important considerations about biofilm attachment in a continuous-flow system have been discussed.

Influence of ischemic preconditioning in myocardial protection in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Analysis of ions and blood gases

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that short periods of ischemia may increase the myocardial protection obtained with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. METHODS: In the control group (18 patients), surgery was performed with systemic hypothermia at 32ºC and intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Extracorporeal circulation was used. In the preconditioning group (17 patients), 2 crossclampings of the aorta lasting 3min each were added prior to the intermittent crossclamping of the conventional technique with an interval of 2min of reperfusion between them. Blood samples for analyses of pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the coronary sinus at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (time 1), at the end of the first anastomosis (time 2), and at the end of extracorporeal circulation (time 3). RESULTS: No difference was observed in the results of the 2 groups, except for a variation in the ionic values in the different times of blood withdrawal; sodium values, however, remained stable. All patients had a good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of intermittent crossclamping of the aorta with moderate hypothermia were not altered by the use of ischemic preconditioning.

Vacunación en la Enfermedad de Chagas experimental: estudio de mediadores involucrados en la protección en ratones y aplicación de la vacuna en perros. Vaccination in experimental Chagas'disease: study of intermediates involved in the protection of mice and application of the vaccine in dogs.

La Enfermedad de Chagas es una de las principales endemias de América Latina donde existen cerca de 18 millones de infectados y 90 millones en riesgo. Entre el 25 y el 30 por ciento desarrolla patología cardíaca o digestiva en el período crónico. Se ha postulado que mecanismos autoinmunes, sumados a la acción directa del parásito, podrían estar involucrados en la patogenia de la enfermedad. El desarrollo de vacunas tradicionales en Enfermedad de Chagas es una meta difícil de alcanzar, por lo cual parece más factible abordar estrategias basadas en la inmunomodulación, para disminuir la carga parasitaria, minimizar las acciones deletéreas en el periodo agudo y prevenir el desarrollo de patología en la etapa crónica. Para ello es necesario avanzar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos involucrados en la protección y en la patogenia. Si se acepta la hipótesis autoinmune, una estrategia de vacunación con un tripanosoma antigénicamente similar al T. cruzi pero no patógeno podría evitar posibles mecanismos autoagresivos. En nuestro Laboratorio se ha empleado un modelo de vacunación en ratones utilizando como inmunógeno el Trypanosoma rangeli, no patógeno en humanos. Los ratones vacunados, infectados con T. cruzi, mostraron buena respuesta inmune celular y humoral, bajas parasitemias, ausencia de lesiones histológicas, y sobrevida cercana al 100 por ciento. Los controles no vacunados tuvieron una elevada mortalidad. Debido al ciclo biológico del parásito, la defensa efectiva contra el T. cruzi requiere una potente respuesta de anticuerpos contra las formas extracelulares y una eficaz respuesta celular contra los amastigotes intracelulares. En el modelo desarrollado en nuestro laboratorio la protección se asocia con un adecuado equilibrio entre respuesta TH1 y TH2, con leve predominio TH1, disminución de citoquinas (Ck) proinflamatorias e incremento de receptores solubles de Ck. El esquema de inmunización demostró asimismo su eficacia en cobayos y en perros mantenidos en el Laboratorio. Hipótesis de trabajo: - La vacunación con T. rangeli desencadena mecanismos inmunomodulatorios que protegen de la infección con T. cruzi, entre los cuales se encuentran eventos que actúan tempranamente en el sitio de inoculación y en los que están involucradas células y moléculas del sistema inmune innato. - La vacunación a perros constituye una nueva herramienta en la lucha contra la Enfermedad de Chagas. Objetivos: i) profundizar el estudio tendiente a dilucidar los mecanismos involucrados en la resistencia inducida por la inmunización con T. rangeli en ratones; ii) estudiar el efecto que tiene el estrés físico de los ratones sobre la eficacia de la vacunación y iii) analizar la inmunogenicidad de la vacuna en perros de zonas endémicas para Enfermedad de Chagas. Material y metodos: Los ratones y perros serán vacunados con tres dosis de epimastigotes de T. rangeli, fijados con glutaraldehido y los controles solo recibirán PBS. Los ratones seran desafiados con T. cruzi. Se estudiará en liquido peritoneal: a) poblaciones celulares por Citometria de flujo; b) cuantificación de los distintos tipos de inmunoglobulinas, de citoquinas y sus receptores solubles, por ELISA, c) ON y arginasa, por técnicas colorimetricas; d) est.udio de la interacción macrófago-parásito y de receptores celulares por Inmunofluorescencia. e) En perros, se realizarán estudios parasitológicos (xenodiagnostico) y serológicos en vacunados y controles, 12 y 24 meses post vacunación. Resultados esperados e importancia del proyecto: se espera conocer los principales eventos tempranos que participan en la eliminación de los parásitos en los animales vacunados, el efecto del stress sobre la vacunación y asimismo, la inmunogenicidad de la vacuna en perros de campo. Todo ello permitirá obtener información sobre la eficacia de la vacunación experimental y podría aportar una herramienta adicional contra la Enfermedad de Chagas, interfiriendo en la cadena epidemiológica en áreas endémicas.

Groundwater vulnerability and protection in County Tipperary (South Riding), Ireland

The aim of the project was to determine the extent and quality of the groundwater in Tipperary South Riding with a view to developing a groundwater protection plan which would allow the Local Authority to manage, protect and develop the groundwater as efficiently as possible. The geology of the area varies with topography. The low-lying areas of the county comprise mainly Carboniferous limestones while the elevated regions consist of sandstones and shales of Upper Carboniferous, Devonian and Silurian ages. Deformation of these rocks decreases in magnitude moving northwards over the area; the Southern Synclines having suffered the effects of the Hercynian orogeny and the northern region exhibiting Caledonian orogenic trends. Quaternary (subsoil) deposits are found throughout the area and are of variable thickness and permeability. Till is the most widespread deposit with discontinuous pockets of sand and gravel in various proportions, and some marl, alluvium and peat in places. The principal aquifers of the area are the Kiltorcan sandstone formation and various limestone units within the Carboniferous succession. 50 % of south Tipperary constitutes either regionally or locally important aquifers. Secondary permeabilities created by structural deformation, dolomitisation, karstification and weathering processes create high transmissivities and often have large well yields. Specific baseflow analysis highlighted the complexity of the aquifers and proved that the lower part of the Suir river system is a major groundwater resource region. The hydrochemistry and water quality of the local authority groundwater sources was examined briefly. The majority of south Tipperary is underlain by limestone or Quaternary deposits derived from limestone and, consequently, calcium/magnesium bicarbonate waters predominate. The quality of the groundwater in south Tipperary demonstrates that the main concern originates from the presence of E.coli, and Total coliforms. The primary sources of contamination are from farmyard wastes and septic tanks. The vulnerability of groundwater to diffuse and point sources of pollution has been found to be dependent on the overlying soil, subsoil and the thickness of the unsaturated zone. A conceptual rather than quantitative approach is used and it is found that approximately 60% of south Tipperary is designated as being extremely or highly vulnerable. The groundwater protection plan was devised subsequent to an understanding of the aquifer systems, an assessment of the vulnerability, and a review of the Irish planning system and environmental law. It is recommended that the plan be integrated into the county development plan for legislative purposes. A series of acceptability matrices were devised to restrict potentially polluting activities in vulnerable areas while maintaining a balance between protection of the groundwater resource and the need to site essential developments.

Protection concepts in distribution networks with decentralised energy resources

Network protection, distribution networks, decentralised energy resources, communication links, IEC Communication and Substation Control Standards