A conceptual model of organized primary care and comprehensive community health services.

Mode of access: Internet.

The role of Community Health Workers. Historical perspective of facilitators and barriers. Case study in Vaupés, Colombia

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Changing face of mental health nursing (Editorial)

No abstract

The role of the general practice pharmacist in community health care

DUE TO COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS ONLY AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION AT ASTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES WITH PRIOR ARRANGEMENT

Home birth in Ireland 1993-1997: a review of community midwifery practice

To date little is known about the practices of domiciliary midwives and the outcomes of home birth in Ireland. The purpose of this review is to provide some background information on the situation for women seeking a home birth and to document the outcomes of home births in Ireland between 1993 -1997. Design: Descriptive analysis of prospective data collected from domiciliary midwives regarding women who requested a home birth between 1993 and 1997. Participants: The questionnaire was distributed to 15 domiciliary midwives; this included all the domiciliary midwives known to the authors to be practising in Ireland at that time. Findings: During this period, 585 women planned to give birth in their home with the assistance of midwives, 500 women achieved this. The spontaneous vaginal delivery rate for women who commenced their labour at home was 96.9% (n = 554). These women gave birth without medications or other interventions. 544 (93%) of the women breastfed their babies and 538 (92%) were still breastfeeding at 6 weeks. This is the first review of domiciliary midwifery practice in Ireland in recent years. They obtained data from 11 independent midwives on 585 women who planned home births. Findings showed high rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery and breastfeeding. There were 500 babies born at home with three perinatal deaths, including one undiagnosed breech delivery, one infant with abnormal lungs on post-mortem and one infant with Potter's Syndrome who was stillborn.

Response process and test-retest reliability of the Context Assessment for Community Health tool in Vietnam

BACKGROUND: The recently developed Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool aims to measure aspects of the local healthcare context perceived to influence knowledge translation in low- and middle-income countries. The tool measures eight dimensions (organizational resources, community engagement, monitoring services for action, sources of knowledge, commitment to work, work culture, leadership, and informal payment) through 49 items. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the understanding and stability of the COACH tool among health providers in Vietnam. DESIGNS: To investigate the response process, think-aloud interviews were undertaken with five community health workers, six nurses and midwives, and five physicians. Identified problems were classified according to Conrad and Blair's taxonomy and grouped according to an estimation of the magnitude of the problem's effect on the response data. Further, the stability of the tool was examined using a test-retest survey among 77 respondents. The reliability was analyzed for items (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and percent agreement) and dimensions (ICC and Bland-Altman plots). RESULTS: In general, the think-aloud interviews revealed that the COACH tool was perceived as clear, well organized, and easy to answer. Most items were understood as intended. However, seven prominent problems in the items were identified and the content of three dimensions was perceived to be of a sensitive nature. In the test-retest survey, two-thirds of the items and seven of eight dimensions were found to have an ICC agreement ranging from moderate to substantial (0.5-0.7), demonstrating that the instrument has an acceptable level of stability. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that the Vietnamese translation of the COACH tool is generally perceived to be clear and easy to understand and has acceptable stability. There is, however, a need to rephrase and add generic examples to clarify some items and to further review items with low ICC.

Improving access for community health and sub-acute outpatient services: protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Waiting lists for treatment are common in outpatient and community services, Existing methods for managing access and triage to these services can lead to inequities in service delivery, inefficiencies and divert resources from frontline care. Evidence from two controlled studies indicates that an alternative to the traditional "waitlist and triage" model known as STAT (Specific Timely Appointments for Triage) may be successful in reducing waiting times without adversely affecting other aspects of patient care. This trial aims to test whether the model is cost effective in reducing waiting time across multiple services, and to measure the impact on service provision, health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction.

METHODS/DESIGN: A stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial has been designed to evaluate the impact of the STAT model in 8 community health and outpatient services. The primary outcome will be waiting time from referral to first appointment. Secondary outcomes will be nature and quantity of service received (collected from all patients attending the service during the study period and health-related quality of life (AQOL-8D), patient satisfaction, health care utilisation and cost data (collected from a subgroup of patients at initial assessment and after 12 weeks). Data will be analysed with a multiple multi-level random-effects regression model that allows for cluster effects. An economic evaluation will be undertaken alongside the clinical trial.

DISCUSSION: This paper outlines the study protocol for a fully powered prospective stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial (SWCRCT) to establish whether the STAT model of access and triage can reduce waiting times applied across multiple settings, without increasing health service costs or adversely impacting on other aspects of patient care. If successful, it will provide evidence for the effectiveness of a practical model of access that can substantially reduce waiting time for outpatient and community services with subsequent benefits for both efficiency of health systems and patient care.

The Impact of Experiential Learning in Enhancing Palliative Care Knowledge and Skills among Nurses

Nurses working in community settings are increasingly required to care for people with chronic, life limiting conditions. Innovative educational programs are required to ensure nurses are equipped to deal with this challenging area of practice. The Program of Experience in the Palliative Approach (PEPA) started in 2003 as an initiative of the Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing. The overall aim of PEPA is to improve the quality, availability and access to palliative care for people who are dying, and their families, by improving the skills and expertise of health practitioners, and enhancing collaboration between primary and specialist palliative care services. PEPA provides nurses with an opportunity to develop knowledge and skills in the palliative approach to care through funded clinical workforce placements or workshops.

O estresse no trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro

O estudo das dimensões psicossociais do trabalho tem aumentado em importância nas últimas décadas, devido ao novo contexto político e econômico mundial de globalização, que determina mudanças no mundo do trabalho e expõe trabalhadores a fatores de risco ocupacional, entre eles o estresse. A categoria profissional do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), criada no contexto das reformas sanitárias atravessadas pelo Brasil desde a década de 80, tem como um dos principais propósitos atuar na reorganização do sistema de saúde do país. O ACS tem como especificidade e pré-requisitos a necessidade de ser morador da região atendida pela Equipe de Saúde da Família, fato este responsável por um aspecto único dentro do estudo na área de saúde do trabalhador. Nesse cenário o enfermeiro exerce papel de liderança e possui uma característica marcante, que é a manutenção de constante contato com a comunidade, realizando atividades de grande interação com os ACS, devendo evitar ou minimizar fatores estressores e possíveis agravos à saúde no âmbito da Saúde do Trabalhador. O presente estudo tem como objeto o trabalho do ACS como gerador de estresse ocupacional no Programa de Saúde da Família. Tem como objetivo geral discutir o estresse ocupacional na percepção dos ACS no PSF, numa Área Programática do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa. O cenário do estudo foram Unidades de Saúde da Família do Município do Rio de Janeiro, e os sujeitos 32 ACS inseridos em três módulos do PSF. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas, organizadas e analisadas utilizando a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo, a partir da qual foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: frustração, trabalho do ACS, representação do trabalho, processo de trabalho, o estresse e relação trabalho x saúde. Os resultados identificam o baixo reconhecimento interferindo na produtividade e na auto-estima, excessiva intensidade e ritmo empregados no trabalho, valorização da burocracia na execução do trabalho, violência como fator de insegurança e reconhece a interferência do estresse na saúde tanto física quanto psíquica. A análise do trabalho do ACS atuante no PSF aponta aspectos que dificultam sua plena atuação, assim como a prática estende-se para além dos conceitos normatizados contidos nas Portarias e outros instrumentos que regulamentam suas atribuições. O trabalho real representa um universo mais complexo e rico do que o trabalho prescrito, que nesse estudo, apresentou-se como fonte geradora de tensão, adoecimento e mal estar, expresso nas vocalizações de queixas.

Riscos no trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na perspectiva da saúde do trabalhador

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e discutir condições e riscos no trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde que atuam em uma Área Programática da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O referencial teórico foi o da saúde do trabalhador, e as normativas relativas à formação do ACS e de seu processo de profissionalização. O estudo foi realizado em equipes que atuam em duas comunidades, por meio de um estudo de observação sistemática, não-participante, utilizando um roteiro prévio com conteúdo de riscos ocupacionais. Os dados foram coletados a partir do acompanhamento de 23 ACS que realizaram 74 visitas domiciliares nos meses de março a junho de 2008, e organizados sob a forma de um diário de campo descritivo. A organização e análise basearam-se na abordagem qualitativa da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos segundo a seguinte organização: i) atividades realizadas pelos ACS; ii) comparação entre atividades prescritas e atividades reais e iii) principais riscos identificados e suas possíveis repercussões na saúde do ACS. Nas considerações finais, são discutidas as implicações para o SUS e para a enfermagem, que tem supervisionado os ACS, e a importância de se aprofundar, por meio de estudos posteriores, as situações e condições de trabalho desenvolvido na Atenção Básica.