943 resultados para aspartate aminotransferase blood level


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

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A malária é um grave problema de saúde pública, especialmente para a região Amazônica. Entretanto, fatores como a resistência, dificuldade de acesso e toxicidade dos fármacos tradicionais reduzem a efetividade das drogas distribuídas pelo governo para controle da infecção. Assim, a população amazônica ainda usa os recursos naturais, como a Bertholletia excelsa (Castanha-do-Pará), para melhorar os aspectos clínicos causados pela doença. Entretanto, não existe comprovação científica do efeito desse fruto na malária. Assim, este trabalho avaliou o efeito do pré tratamento com Castanha-do-Pará em camundongos BALB/c infectados com Plasmodium berghei, por meio dos parâmetros a seguir: sobrevida até a morte de todos os indivíduos, parasitemia e peso dos animais (no 3º, 7º, 10º, 16º e 18º dia pós-inoculação do parasita), e, no 10º de infecção, hemograma completo, peso do fígado e do baço e análise das enzimas hepáticas aspartatoaminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT) e ɣ-glutamilaminotransferase (GGT). O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi usado para avaliar a normalidade, seguido de Análise de Variância (ANOVA) de uma via ou teste t de Student, seguido do teste post hoc de Tukey. O acompanhamento dos animais parasitados mostrou uma sobrevivência em média de 13,9 dias, com perda de peso, aumento do tamanho dos órgãos, e alterações tanto do hemograma (diminuição do hematócrito, hemoglobina, hemácias totais e plaquetas e aumento dos leucócitos totais) como das enzimas hepáticas (aumento da AST e ALT e diminuição da GGT). Interessantemente, o pré tratamento de 11 dias com o fruto exerceu uma proteção significativa em relação a alguns dos parâmetros medidos como o aumento da sobrevida dos animais para 14,8 dias, diminuição dos níveis de parasitemia e leucócitos totais, manutenção do peso dos animais por mais tempo e do peso do baço, bem como influenciou positivamente nas enzimas hepáticas ALT e GGT. Assim, estes dados já demonstram que a B. excelsa pode ser utilizada como um reforço nutritivo diante a infecção causada pelo Plasmodium.

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O paracetamol (PAR) é um dos medicamentos de venda livre mais utilizado em todo o mundo. Entretanto, doses elevadas do PAR produzem toxicidade hepática e/ou renal. No intuito de minimizar a toxicidade do PAR e obter melhor atividade analgésica e anti-inflamatória, um estudo prévio realizou modificações na estrutura química do PAR por modelagem molecular, dando origem ao ortobenzamol (OBZ) – análogo do PAR. Assim, o OBZ foi sintetizado e avaliado em modelos de nocicepção e inflamação em animais. O estudo demonstrou atividade analgésica central do OBZ, com potência superior ao PAR. Além disso, nos testes de inflamação, essa droga apresentou inibição significativa no processo inflamatório. Entretanto, para que o OBZ possa ser considerado uma alternativa terapêutica nova e importante para o tratamento da dor e/ou da inflamação é necessário determinar sua toxicidade. Assim, este estudo objetivou avaliar a toxicidade in vitro e in vivo do OBZ e, compará-la com a do PAR. Para isso, a neurotoxicidade foi avaliada in vitro em culturas primárias de neurônios corticais, através de ensaios de viabilidade celular, determinação dos níveis de glutationa total e reduzida, assim como a possível capacidade neuroprotetora frente ao estresse oxidativo. Foram realizados estudos in vivo em camundongos, iniciados pela determinação da dose efetiva mediana (DE50) do PAR, a fim de compará-la com a do OBZ nos modelos de toxicidade estudados. Determinou-se o estresse oxidativo hepático e cerebral pela análise dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e nitritos. A possível disfunção hepática e renal foi determinada, por meio da análise dos níveis plasmáticos das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), de alanina aminotransferase (ALT), gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e, da creatinina no sangue. Avaliaram-se alterações nos parâmetros clínicos através do hemograma, leucograma e plaquetograma e, realizou-se a determinação da toxicidade aguda. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstraram que o ortobenzamol é mais seguro que o paracetamol. Registrou-se ao ortobenzamol ausência de neurotoxicidade, menor potencial hepatotóxico e hematotóxico, ausência de nefrotoxicidade e, ainda, foi classificado como um xenobiótico de baixa toxicidade após a avaliação da toxicidade aguda. Portanto, o ortobenzamol pode ser considerado como uma futura alternativa terapêutica segura ao paracetamol, no tratamento da dor e inflamação.

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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

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The Brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) is the most common free-living and captive deer in South America, especially in Brazil, and has great ecological and scientific significance. However, data on hematological and biochemical parameters in brown brocket deer are scarce. The goal of this study was to establish reference ranges for hematological and biochemical parameters of Mazama gouazoubira, comparing differences during the seasons of the year and between sex. Blood samples from ten adult healthy brown brocket deer (6 female and 4 male) were collected during daytime, monthly, during 12 months. The animals were maintained in individual stable, protected from noise and fed ad libitum with commercial ration and green fodder. For blood collection, animals were submitted to physical restrain for no longer than 2 minutes. The following parameters were determined: red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), total protein (TP), albumin, cholesterol, total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triglycerides, creatinine and urea. Values were compared according to season and sex. RBC count, WBC count and MCV suggested seasonal influence. Haemoglobin concentration, PCV and MCV were influenced by sex. Serum concentration of total calcium, ionic calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium were influenced by season. Serum magnesium was also influenced by sex. The blood parameters herein reported may be useful as reference values for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in captive brown-brocket deer.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Canine Pyometra is a uterine disease that occurs in sexually mature bitches, with higher incidence in nulliparous and animals over 4 years and is characterized by presenting an accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen, usually occurring in diestrus. Laboratory tests are important tools for the detection of metabolic abnormalities associated with sepsis and renal function, which are serious consequences of pyometra. In blood the main findings are normochromic non-regenerative anemia, presence of dehydration, and sometimes thrombocytopenia. The WBC count may be normal but most often occurs a neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift, monocytosis and the presence of toxic neutrophils. In less than 1 / 3 of the animals the presence of azotemia is present and a density lower than 1035 is detected in the urine of almost 90% of bitches which may be in normal range at the onset of the desease. Urinary protein loss is rare but the protein may be elevated in the reagent strip due to urinary contamination by uterine secretion. The increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) may be present, indicating disorders in the liver. Currently, additional laboratory tests are being studied for the diagnosis of pyometra and its prognosis, such as the measurement of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen for monitoring the recovery of the inflammatory process and the urine electrophoresis to characterize the origin of proteinuria in these animals . The aim of this work is to review the literature on the main laboratory tests that aid the diagnosis of Pyometra

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Introduction: skeletal muscles are dynamic tissue that can change their phenotypic characteristics providing a better functional adaptation to different stimuli. L-thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and has been used as an experimental model for stimulation of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a fat-soluble provitamin endogenously synthesized and found naturally in foods such red meat, fish, cereals, broccoli and spinach. It has antioxidant properties and potential in the treatment of degenerative and neuromuscular diseases. Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of CoQ10 in the soleus muscle of rats against the oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine. Methods: the rats were divided in four groups of six animals each: Group 1 (control); Group 2 (coenzyme Q10); Group 3 (L-thyroxine), and Group 4 coenzyme Q10 and L-thyroxine). After euthanasia, blood was collected and serum activity of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was analyzed. In the soleus muscle homogenates the factors related to oxidative stress were assessed. Results: CoQ10 protected the soleus muscle against the damage caused by L-thyroxine and favored the maintenance of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, the concentration of decreased and oxidized glutathione, and prevented lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: the results indicate that CoQ10 protects rat soleus muscle from oxidative damage caused by L-thyroxine.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between blood lactate and glucose during an incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis, under normal and acute β-adrenergic blockade. Eight fit males (cyclists or triathletes) performed a protocol to determine the intensity corresponding to the individual equilibrium point between lactate entry and removal from the blood (incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis), determined from the blood lactate (Lacmin) and glucose (Glucmin) response. This protocol was performed twice in a double-blind randomized order by ingesting either propranolol (80 mg) or a placebo (dextrose), 120 min prior to the test. The blood lactate and glucose concentration obtained 7 minutes after anaerobic exercise (Wingate test) was significantly lower (p<0.01) with the acute β-adrenergic blockade (9.1±1.5 mM; 3.9±0.1 mM), respectively than in the placebo condition (12.4±1.8 mM; 5.0±0.1 mM). There was no difference (p>0.05) between the exercise intensity determined by Lacmin (212.1±17.4 W) and Glucmin (218.2±22.1 W) during exercise performed without acute β-adrenergic blockade. The exercise intensity at Lacmin was lowered (p<0.05) from 212.1±17.4 to 181.0±15.6 W and heart rate at Lacmin was reduced (p<0.01) from 161.2±8.4 to 129.3±6.2 beats min-1 as a result of the blockade. It was not possible to determine the exercise intensity corresponding to Glucmin with β-adrenergic blockade, since the blood glucose concentration presented a continuous decrease during the incremental test. We concluded that the similar pattern response of blood lactate and glucose during an incremental test after exercise induced lactic acidosis, is not present during β-adrenergic blockade suggesting that, at least in part, this behavior depends upon adrenergic stimulation.

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The effects of the inhalation of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil (EO) and geraniol on Wistar rats were evaluated for biochemical parameters and hepatic oxidative stress. Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): G1 was control group, treated with saline solution; G2 received geraniol; and G3 received C. martinii EO by inhalation during 30 days. No significant differences were observed in glycemia and triacylglycerol levels; G2 and G3 decreased (P < 0.05) total cholesterol level. There were no differences in serum protein, urea, aspartate aminotransferase activity, and total hepatic protein. Creatinine levels increased in G2 but decreased in G3. Alanine aminotransferase activity and lipid hydroperoxide were higher in G2 than in G3. Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in G3. C. martinii EO and geraniol increased glutathione peroxidase. Oxidative stress caused by geraniol may have triggered some degree of hepatic toxicity, as verified by the increase in serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase. Therefore, the beneficial effects of EO on oxidative stress can prevent the toxicity in the liver. This proves possible interactions between geraniol and numerous chemical compounds present in C. martinii EO.