Biologia reprodutiva e crescimento do muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1776) em cativeiro

No presente estudo, foram obtidos dados a partir de pesquisa realizada nas dependências do Parque Zoobotânico do Museu Paraense Emí1io Goeldi durante os anos de 1992 a 1997 que tiveram como objetivo o estudo da biologia reprodutiva e do crescimento do muçuã em cativeiro. Foram verificadas as relações biométricas e o dimorfismo sexual entre machos e fêmeas adultas, o tipo de reprodução, o número de ovos por postura, o período de incubação e o percentual de eclosão, a relação entre a biometria dos ovos e dos filhotes ao nascer, a relação entre o tamanho da fêmea e seus ovos e filhotes, o crescimento biométrico e ponderal da espécie, a idade em que ocorre o dimorfismo sexual nos filhotes e a idade da primeira postura. Foram utilizados animais adultos do plantei do Parque e um grupo composto por 70 recém-nascidos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os machos adultos (n= 75) possuíam a cauda longa e a cabeça pigmentada de negro e apresentaram em média 314,05 g de peso, 14,79 em de comprimento de carapaça, 9,79 cm de largura de carapaça, 12,3 cm de comprimento de plastrão, 7,46 cm de largura de plastrão e 4,5 cm de altura. As fêmeas adultas (n= 176) tinham a cauda curta e a cabeça amarela, apresentaram em média 430,08 g de peso, 15,26 cm de comprimento de carapaça, 11,31 cm de largura de carapaça, 13,35 cm de comprimento de plastrão, 8,01 cm de largura de plastrão e 5,51 cm de altura, para todas as variáveis estudadas houve diferenças significativas, sendo as fêmeas adultas maiores que os machos adultos. O período de acasalamento abrangeu os meses de abril a agosto, caracterizando uma reprodução sazonal. A nidificação ocorreu entre os meses de maio a setembro e dividiu-se nas fases de deambulação, abertura da cova, postura dos ovos, fechamento da cova e abandono do ninho. Não houve variação no número de ovos entre posturas de fêmeas jovens e adultas. Em média a postura de fêmeas adultas foi de 2,45 ovos com variação de 01 a 07 ovos, e de 2,7 ovos para fêmeas jovens, com variação de 02 a 07 ovos por postura. Porém, as fêmeas adultas realizaram posturas de ovos com maior peso, comprimento e largura do que as de fêmeas jovens. Os ovos tinham o formato alongado, de cor rosa com uma mancha branca no centro, e a casca era dura e lisa (n=701). Em média, apresentaram 9,6 g de peso, 3,8 cm de comprimento e 2,0 cm de largura. O período de incubação foi em média de 136 dias, com variação de 111 a 164 (n= 426) com média de eclosão de 86,61 %. O peso, a largura da carapaça e a largura do plastrão da fêmea foram determinantes do peso e largura do ovo, assim como o peso e a largura do ovo foram determinantes do peso, comprimento de carapaça e plastrão e largura do plastrão do recém-nascido. Os filhotes (n= 887) nasceram com peso médio de 6,5 g, 3,1 cm de comprimento da carapaça, 2,2 cm de largura da carapaça, 2,7 cm de comprimento do plastrão, 1,8 cm de largura do plastrão e 1,6 cm de altura da carapaça. O peso, largura da carapaça, o comprimento do plastrão, largura do plastrão e a altura do casco da fêmea foram determinantes do peso, da largura da carapaça e da altura do casco do recém-nascido. Aos 22,49 meses de idade apareceram os primeiros sinais de dimorfismo sexual A espécie apresentou uma correlação positiva entre o peso vivo com as mensurações biométricas de comprimento, largura e altura até os 37,95 meses de idade, após esta idade o peso vivo continuou aumentando enquanto que a taxa de aumento no comprimento foi bem mais suave. Aos 37,94 meses o desvio padrão do peso vivo foi o maior observado em todas as idades, provavelmente como resultado do dimorfismo sexual já presente nesta idade. Nessa idade foi observada a Ia postura do grupo que apresentava em média 11,84 cm de comprimento de carapaça. Aos 47,02 meses o grupo apresentou em média 410,9 g de peso e 14,15 cm de comprimento de carapaça, valores semelhantes aos encontrados nos animais adultos estudados.

Remineralização de lesões de mancha branca adjacentes aos bráquetes ortodônticos

Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR

Color Stability of Resin Used for Caries Infiltration After Exposure to Different Staining Solutions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pressão arterial em cães: uma revisão

The evaluation of blood pressure is an essential tool for veterinarian clinical practice and for monitoring anesthetized patients or patients in intensive care, because of its usefulness in diagnostics, treatment and monitoring of several diseases. Apart from the pathological factor, the blood pressure also suffers the influence of different variables, such as age, breed, gender, temperament (anxiety and stress especially during the treatment, “white coat syndrome”), disease state, physical activity and, with lower intensity, animal’s diet. One of the main indications of the evaluation of blood pressure is the observation of clinical changes resulting from hypertension in animals, which one is characterized by lesions in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, kidneys and eyes. Not least important, the evaluation of blood pressure is also essential in hypotensive states, which represent an imminent risk of death. The techniques used in measuring blood pressure correspond to invasive forms (direct) or non invasive (indirect), whose correlation has been the subject of study and improvement within the small animal clinic. Thus, the purpose of this review is emphasize the importance of measuring blood pressure within the veterinary clinic routine, studying the influence of variables associated or not with elevated blood pressure, comparing the different methods used to obtain the blood pressure

Longitudinal effect of curcumin-photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in adolescents during fixed orthodontic treatment: a single-blind randomized clinical trial study

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Risk factors in the mother-child relationship that predispose to the development of early childhood caries

This study focused on the risk factors in mother-child relationship that predispose babies to the development of dental caries. A prospective cohort study with 80 mother-child pairs was conducted. The mothers responded at 12, 18 and 30 months after their children's birth, to questions about variables related to diet, sucking habits, and oral care. Children were clinically examined to verify caries lesions (white spot lesions or cavitation). Data were analysed using Chi squared or Fisher's exact tests. The significance level was set at 5 %. Of the total, 3.75 % showed cavitated lesions after 18 months; 6.25 and 45 % had spot white lesions, respectively, at 18 and 30 months. The cariogenic diet was high at 12 (63.75 %) and 30 (88.75 %) months. Good oral hygiene was present in a minority of children at 12 months (46.25 %), but increased at 30 months (65 %), helping to prevent cavities and white spot lesions over this period (p = 0.0005). The variables of the blocks sucking habits and diet were not associated with caries. The lack of oral care in children was a risk factor for dental caries development.

Inativação fotodinâmica em biofilme de Streptococcus mutans sobre bráquetes metálicos e cerâmicos: um estudo in vitro

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

SCWDS Briefs: Volume 25, Number 4 (January 2010)

Table of Contents: White Nose Syndrome News CWD Found in Virginia Serosurveys of Feral Swine AI Serology in Wild Birds Chagas Disease Studies SCWDS Bont Tick Surveillance Brain Tumor in Deer Exotic Animal Imports and Public Health Loss of Two SCWDS Friends

SCWDS Briefs: Volume 25, Number 1 (April 2009)

Table of Contents: USDA Seeks Comments on New CWD Rule Some of the Intricacies of CWD 3rd International CWD Symposium White Nose Syndrome Update Wildlife Poisoning in Kansas Salmonellosis in Your Backyard Trichomonosis in Songbirds Dr. Al Franzmann Staff & Student Recognition

Patologie da Porcine Circovirus tipo 2 (PCV2) nel suino

The main work involved the PMWS (Post-weaning multisystemic Wasting Syndrome), caused by PCV-2 (Porcine Circovirus type 2) that involved post-weaned pigs. Merial Italy has funded a study activity in which groups of 3-5 animals were sampled for lungs, tracheo-bronchial and superficial inguinal lymph nodes, ileum and tonsils. The protocol applied can be identified as a more diagnostic potential on the individual than on the group. PNP. Another investigation has been conducted to study proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (PNP), a form of interstitial pneumonia in weaning and post-weaning pigs characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, coagulative necrosis and granular debris within alveolar spaces. Many studies suggest porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) as the main causes of the disease, but Aujeszky disease virus (ADV) and swine influenza virus (SIV) are also considered. An immunohistochemical study was carried out to evaluate the role of these viruses in PNP lesions in Italy. PNP results primarily associated with PRRSV, even if co-infection is characterized by more severe histological features. Reproductive pathology. A major risk factor for PCV2 infection is a viraemic episode taking place in pregnant sows with low antibody titer which is transmitted by specific PCV2 products of conception. PCV2 can infect the fetus even by vehicles through infected semen or ova, or as a result of infection of the genital tract. An investigation was carried out to identify the presence and localization of PCV2 in the genital tracts of sows experimentally infected with PCV2 and in their fetuses. The results obtained suggest that: conventional sows can be infected by intrauterine exposition; low antibody titres increase the probability of infection; PCV2 infection close to insemination time reduces the pregnancy rate; placental lesions may represent an additional cause of fetal suffering.

Free-Ranging Wild Boar: A Disease Threat to Domestic Pigs in Switzerland?

The risk of transmission of pathogens from free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to outdoor domestic pigs (S. scrofa domesticus) is of increasing concern in many European countries. We assess this risk, using Switzerland as an example. We estimated 1) the prevalence of important pathogens in wild boars and 2) the risk of interactions between wild boars and outdoor pigs. First, we tested 252 wild boars from selected areas between 2008 and 2010 for infection with Brucella spp. Bacterial prevalence was estimated to 28.8% (confidence interval [CI] 23.0-34.0) when using bacterial culture (B. suis Biovar 2) and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Antibody prevalence was 35.8% (CI 30.0-42.0), which was significantly higher than in previous studies in Switzerland. We also tested 233 wild boars for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Antibody prevalence was 0.43% (CI 0.01-2.4) for EU-PRRSV and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results were negative. These findings suggest that B. suis is increasingly widespread in wild boars and PRRSV is currently not of concern. Second, we documented the spatial overlap between free-ranging wild boars and outdoor piggeries by mapping data on their respective occurrence. Wild boars are most widespread in the mountain range along the western and northern Swiss borders, while most piggeries are located in central lowlands. A risk of interaction is mainly expected at the junction between these two bioregions. This risk may increase if wild boars expand eastward and southward beyond anthropogenic barriers believed to limit their range. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of expansion of the wild boar population. Population trends suggest a continuous increase of wild boars for the past 15 yr. Surveillance of selected wildlife passages using cameras on highways and main roads indicates that these barriers are permeable (average of up to 13 wild boar crossings per 100 days). Thus an increase of wild boar range should be considered. There may be a risk of B. suis spillover from wild boars in Switzerland, which could increase in the future. Data on the occurrence of interactions between pigs and wild boars are needed to assess this risk.

The Effects of Hibernation on Immunological Functions in Female Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus)

The emerging disease White-Nose Syndrome in hibernating bat populations across the United States has increased the need to understand the physiological benefits and consequences of hibernation and the effects on immunological responsiveness. Hibernation has been well-documented in many mammalian species, yet few studies have examined hibernation immunology in bats, particularly with respect to normal immunological patterns. In order to characterize the levels of circulating leukocytes and plasma immunoglobulins in euthermic and hibernating female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), blood smear differential leukocyte counts and total immunoglobulin assays were performed for each group using blood samples from the active and hibernation seasons. Hibernation patterns – torpor and arousals from torpor – were determined by placing temperature-sensitive dataloggers on the backs of bats assigned to the hibernating group during the hibernation season. Data indicate that the ratio of circulating neutrophils to lymphocytes is lower in bats assigned to the euthermic group during the hibernation season than in bats assigned to the hibernation group during the hibernation period, but that relative immunoglobulin levels do not differ during the hibernation season, regardless of whether bats were active or hibernating. Neither bats assigned to the hibernation group nor bats assigned to the euthermic group demonstrate a significant change in the ratio of circulating neutrophils and lymphocytes between their active and hibernating seasons. Bats assigned to the hibernation group were also observed to arouse from torpor somewhat synchronously. These results suggest that innate and adaptive cell levels are maintained, at best, in hibernating bats that are not immunologically challenged and that bats that remain euthermic during the hibernation season are able to continually regulate their levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes and therefore their innate and adaptive immune system responses.

Feline caries in two cats from a 13th century archeological excavation

Mandibles of two cats containing carious lesions were discovered among the previously published findings of feline dental resorptive lesions from materials examined at an archaeological museum. These lesions were too small to be noted on radiographs, and consisted of two inconspicuous enamel lesions in a mandibular left first molar tooth (309), a clinically visible white spot area containing an enamel lesion in a mandibular left fourth premolar tooth (308), and a root surface caries in the 308 of a different specimen. Histologic examination using special stains and polarized light revealed both initial and early initial stage enamel caries, as well as root surface caries. Knoop hardness measurements confirmed these findings, considered the first documented cases of feline caries.

Remineralização preventiva primária do esmalte através do sistema CPP-ACP

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Label-free immunoassay for porcine circovirus type 2 based on excessively tilted fiber grating modified with staphylococcal protein A

Using excessively tilted fiber grating (Ex-TFG) inscribed in standard single mode fiber, we developed a novel label-free immunoassay for specific detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which is a minim animal virus. Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was used to modify the silanized fiber surface thus forming a SPA layer, which would greatly enhance the proportion of anti-PCV2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) bioactivity, thus improving the effectiveness of specific adsorption and binding events between anti-PCV2 MAbs and PCV2 antigens. Immunoassay experiments were carried out by monitoring the resonance wavelength shift of the proposed sensor under different PCV2 titer levels. Anti-PCV2 MAbs were thoroughly dissociated from the SPA layer by treatment with urea, and recombined to the SPA layer on the sensor surface for repeated immunoassay of PCV2. The specificity of the immunosensor was inspected by detecting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) first, and PCV2 subsequently. The results showed a limit of detection (LOD) for the PCV2 immunosensor of ~9.371TCID50/mL, for a saturation value of ~4.801×103TCID50/mL, with good repeatability and excellent specificity.