Ueber Wistaria chinensis D. C. (Glycine sinensis Bol. May)

Von Juwelier M. Hermann

Regeneración de plantas de té (Camellia sinensis) por cultivo in vitro de meristemas, yemas axilares y segmentos uninodales

Tres tipos de explantes de dos clones ( C H 1 4 I N TA y C H 3 1 8 I N TA ) d e t é (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) fueron evaluados para su regeneración in vitro, bajo la influencia de dos citocininas (BAP y CIN) y una giberelina (AG3). Previa desinfección, con etanol 70% (1 minuto) e hipoclorito de sodio 1,5% (20 minutos) y tres enjuagues con agua destilada estéril, los explantes fueron aislados y cultivados en los distintos medios de cultivo. Las mejores respuestas en formación de vástagos se registraron con los segmentos uninodales de ambos clones cultivados en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o con el cultivo de yemas axilares del clon CH 14 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de BAP o del clon CH 318 INTA en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L AG3. Los mejores resultados con el empleo de meristemas caulinares se obtuvieron en el medio ½ MS + 1 mg/L de CIN y 1 mg/L de AG3. Los vástagos obtenidos fueron enraizados mediante su cultivo en ¼ MS + 6 mg/L de IBA.

Fertilización foliar con macronutrientes a plantas de naranja Valencia late (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) y tangor Murcott (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto de diferentes dosis de fertilizantes foliares con macronutrientes en plantas de naranja Valencia y de tangor Murcott. Los experimentos fueron realizados durante tres campañas consecutivas en Corrientes Argentina. El diseño experimental fue en bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones y parcelas experimentales de cuatro plantas. Los tratamientos ensayados fueron T1 control; T2 N (12%) 2 L.ha-1; T3 N (12%) 4 L.ha-1; T4 N (9%) y P (2,6%) 2 L ha- 1; T5 N (9%) y P (2,6%) 4 L.ha-1; T6 N (9,3%), P (2,6%) y K (2,1%) 2 L.ha-1; T7 N (9,3%), P (2,6%) y K (2,1%) 4 L.ha-1, de fertilizante foliar formulados en base a sales de sulfato de amonio, fosfato monoamónico y nitrato de potasio según tratamiento. Los mismos fueron aplicados por campaña en prefloración, plena floración y en otoño. Se midieron las concentraciones foliares de N, P y K en hojas de otoño de ramas fructíferas y al momento de cosecha se determinó rendimiento total, diámetro de fruta, porcentaje de jugo, sólidos solubles, acidez y relación sólidos solubles/acidez. En Valencia late todos los tratamientos incrementaron el contenido de P foliar en comparación con el control. El tratamiento T7 incrementó un 38,7% el rendimiento respecto de T1, aunque los frutos presentaron menor diámetro. En "Murcott" todos los tratamientos incrementaron el rendimiento comparados con T1, y las máximas producciones se observaron en los tratamientos T7 (64,9% mayor) y T6 (43,8% mayor) además T7 incrementó el contenido de P foliar y disminuyó el contenido de sólidos solubles en comparación con el control. La fertilización foliar con macronutrientes incrementó la productividad en naranja Valencia late y tangor Murcott. Este trabajo muestra la utilidad de la fertilización foliar con macronutrientes como una herramienta complementaria en los programas de fertilización diseñados para optimizar el rendimiento.

Liver proteome profiling of juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) using GeLC-MS/MS approach

Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, has been listed as a grade I protected animal in China because of a dramatic decline in population owing to loss of natural habitat for reproduction and interference by human activities. Understanding the proteome profile of Chinese sturgeon liver would provide an invaluable resource for protecting and increasing the stocks of this species. In this study, we have analyzed proteome profiles of juvenile Chinese sturgeon liver using a one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to LC-MS/MS approach. A total of 1059 proteins and 2084 peptides were identified. The liver proteome was found to be associated with diverse biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. The proteome profile identified a variety of significant pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways. It also established a network for protein biosynthesis, folding and catabolic processes. The proteome profile established in this study can be used for understanding the development of Chinese sturgeon and studying the molecular mechanisms of action under environmental or chemical stress, providing very useful omics information that can be applied to preserve this species.

Confucius sinarum philosophus, sive scientia sinensis : latine exposita /

Contiene tres de los cuatro libros de Confucio: Liber primus [Lun yü], Liber secundus [Ta hsüeh], Liber tertius [Chung yung]. Se incluye, además, Tabula chronologica monarchiae sinicae.

Monumenta sinica cum disquisitionibus criticis : pro vera apologia jesuitarum contra falsam apologiam dominicanorum et pro recto totius causae sinensis judicio ; Pars prima Historia, et disquisitio critica, De tribus celeberrimis Conventibus in China habitis Nempè Chiatinensi, Lankiensi, et Cantoniensi /

Mode of access: Internet.

Quantitative trends in airborne loads of Celtis sinensis pollen and associations with meteorological variables in a subtropical Australian environment

Celtis sinensis is an introduced plant species to the southeastern region of Queensland that has had a destructive affect on indigenous plant Communities and its pollen has been identified as an allergen Source. Pollen belonging to C. sinensis was sampled during a 5-year (June 1994-May 1999) atmospheric pollen-monitoring programme in Brisbane, Australia, using a Burkard 7-day spore trap. The seasonal incidence of airborne C. sinensis pollen (CsP) in Brisbane occurred over a brief period each year during spring (August-September), while peak concentrations were restricted to the beginning of September. individual CsP seasons were heterogeneous with daily counts within the range 1-10 grains m(-3) on no more than 60 sampling days; however, smaller airborne concentrations of CsP were recorded out of each season. Correlation co-efficients were significant each year for temperature (p0.05) and relative humidity (p>0.05). A significant relationship (r(2)=0.81, p=0.036) was established between the total CsP count and pre-seasonal average maximum temperature; however, periods of precipitation (>2mm) were demonstrated to significantly lower the daily concentrations of CsP from the atmosphere. Given the environmental and clinical significance of CsP and its prevalence in the atmosphere of Brisbane, a Clinical population-based Study is required to further understand the pollen's importance as a seasonal sensitizing source in this region.

HPLC analyses of flavanols and phenolic acids in the fresh young shoots of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Australia

As part of a 4-year project to study phenolic compounds in tea shoots over the growing seasons and during black tea processing in Australia, an HPLC method was developed and optimised for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds, mainly flavanols and phenolic acids, in fresh tea shoots. Methanol proved to be the most suitable solvent for extracting the phenolic compounds, compared with chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Immediate analysis, by HPLC, of the methanol extract showed higher separation efficiency than analyses after being dried and redissolved. This method exhibited good repeatability (CV 3-9%) and recovery rate (88-116%). Epigallocatechin gallate alone constituted up to 115 mg/g, on a dry basis, in the single sample of Australian fresh tea shoots examined. Four catechins (catechin, gallocatechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin) and six catechin gallates (epigallocatechin gallate, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, epicatechin digallate and epigallocatechin digallate) have been identified and quantified by this HPLC method. In addition, two major tea alkaloids, caffeine and theobromine, have been quantified, while five flavonol glycosides and six phenolic acids, including quinic acids and esters, were identified and quantified. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Seasonal variations of phenolic compounds in Australia-grown tea (Camellia sinensis)

Seasonal variations of phenolic compounds in fresh tea shoots grown in Australia were studied using an HPLC method. Three principal tea flavanols [epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin (EGC)] and four grouped phenolics [total catechins (Cs), total catechin gallates (CGs), total flavanols (Fla), and total polyphenols (PPs)] in fresh tea shoots were analyzed and compared during the commercial harvest seasons from April 2000 to May 2001. The levels of EGCG, ECG, and CGs in the fresh tea shoots were higher in the warm months of April 2000 (120.52, 34.50, and 163.75 mg/g, respectively) and May 2000 (128.63, 44.26, and 183.83 mg/g, respectively) and lower during the cool months of July 2000 (91.39, 35.16, and 132.30 mg/g, respectively), August 2000 (91.31, 31.56, and 128.64 mg/g, respectively), and September 2000 (96.12, 33.51, and 136.90 mg/g, respectively). Thereafter, the levels increased throughout the warmer months from October to December 2000 and remained high until May 2001. In the warmer months, the levels of EGCG, ECG, and CGs were in most cases significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the samples harvested in the cooler months. In contrast, the levels of EGC and Cs were high and consistent in the cooler months and low in the warmer months. The seasonal variations of the individual and grouped catechins were significant (P < 0.05) between the cooler and warmer months. This study revealed that EGCG and ECG could be used as quality descriptors for monitoring the seasonal variations of phenolics in Australia-grown tea leaves, and the ratio (EGCG + ECG)/EGC has been suggested as a quality index for measuring the differences in flavanol levels in fresh tea shoots across the growing seasons. Mechanisms that induce seasonal variations in tea shoots may include one or all three of the following environmental conditions: day length, sunlight, and/or temperature, which vary markedly across seasons. Therefore, further studies under controlled conditions such as in a greenhouse may be required to direct correlate flavonoid profiles of green tea leaves with their yields and also to with conditions such as rainfall and humidity.

Evidencia electroforetica para especiacion entre poblaciones del Sapo Bufo Valliceps Wiegmann

Un problema de gran interés biológico consiste en explicaciones de los mecanismos evolutivos por medio de los cuales surgen nuevas especies.En una población con una pequeña distribución geográfica o ecológica, por ejemplo el sapo bufo periglenes, conocido únicamente del bosque nebuloso del Monte Verde, en la cordillera de Tillarán. Provincia de Guanacaste, Costa Rica es probable que haya amplio contacto entre todos los miembros de la población, de tal manera que una mutación genética,si es favorecida por selección natural (o sea, si no constituye una desventaja selectiva al individuo que lo lleva) podría pasar con rapidez a través de toda la población una circunstancia como esta podría resultar en cambios en morfología, comportamiento y fisiología llevados a través del tiempo o sea evolución filética.

Efecto de dos técnicas físicas de captación de agua sobre el establecimiento de las especies Mangifera indica L, Citrus sinensis y Coco nucifera L, en la microcuenca Las Marías, municipio de Télica. León (2007 al 2008)

En la investigación realizada en la micro cuenca Las Marías se propuso conocer el efecto de dos técnicas físicas de captación de agua sobre el establecimiento de las especies Mangifera indica L, Citrus sinensis y Coco nucifera L. Para desarrollar el proceso de recolección de información se establecieron diseños experimentales de Bloques Completos Aleatorizados, con dos repeticiones (finca Montoya parte baja y finca Miguel parte media), dentro de cada ensayo experimental se establecieron técnicas de captación de agua (cáseo y bordes) y un testigo. En cada finca se establecieron de forma azarizada 36 plántulas de Mangifera indica L, Citrus sinensis y Coco nucifera L (12 de cada especie). A cada especie se monitorearon variables de sobrevivencias, crecimiento en diámetro y altura y humedad de suelo. De igual forma se realizaron muestreos de suelo para conocer el porcentaje de humedad, infiltración y calidad física y química. El periodo de evaluación consistió de Junio 2007 a Enero 2008. Al finalizar la investigación se encontró que la especie Coco nucifera fue la que obtuvo mayor sobrevivencia (100 %), con un incremento corriente mensual (ICM) en diámetro (0.33 cm) y altura (7.73 cm), en comparación con las especies Mangifera indica y Citrus sinencis. El ICM en diámetro y altura fue similar en los tratamientos (cáseo y bordes) y el testigo (no se encontró diferencias significativa). En el tratamiento cáseo fue donde se encontró el mayor porcentaje de humedad del suelo (22.25 %) en comparación con el tratamiento bordes y el testigo. Se encontró una correlación positiva en la finca Miguel entre los porcentajes de humedad del suelo y el ICM en diámetro y altura de las especies frutales, lo cual podría estar relacionado a la calidad física y química de los suelos.

Propagação de Camellia sinensis: efeito do genótipo, estaca, substrato, recipiente e ácido indolbutírico

Tem sido relatado que as estacas de Camellia sinensis possuem baixa capacidade de emitir raízes, motivando assim a realização de estudos básicos para otimização do processo de propagação por estacas. Assim sendo, o presente trabalho objetivou quantificar o potencial rizogênico de diferentes genótipos e o efeito da posição da estaca no ramo e incisão na base, do substrato, tamanho do recipiente e ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas dessa espécie. Para tal, foram coletados ramos dos genótipos IAC 259, F15 e Comum, em Pariquera-Açu-SP, no inverno de 2010. em seguida, preparadas as estacas, contendo uma gema e uma folha, foram mantidas em viveiro com 70% de sombreamento. Estacas da posição basal e mediana dos ramos são as mais adequadas para estaquia devido a menor mortalidade e maior enraizamento. A injúria na base da estaca não afeta a mortalidade e o enraizamento das estacas, porém induz à formação de calo. Também não houve diferenças na mortalidade e no enraizamento das estacas quando as mesmas foram mantidas em recipiente de 50, 90 e 120 cm³. Comparado com vermiculita, areia e casca de arroz carbonizada, o solo foi o melhor substrato para estaquia, que na presença do ferimento, juntamente com o tratamento das estacas com 10 g L-1 de AIB promoveu a maior porcentagem de enraizamento. Todavia, ainda nessa condição a mortalidade média das estacas foi de 42%. O potencial de enraizamento do genótipo Comum foi superior ao do IAC 259 e F15.

Enraizamento de estacas de Camellia sinensis L. em função da época de coleta de ramos, genótipos e ácido indolbutírico

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da época de coleta de ramos, genótipo e concentração de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no enraizamento de estacas de Camellia sinensis L. Para tal, foram coletados ramos dos genótipos IAC 259, F 15 e Comum, em Pariquera-Açu, SP, Brasil, no inverno, primavera, verão e outono. em seguida, foram preparadas estacas que foram tratadas com AIB (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000 e 8.000 e 10.000mg L-1), plantadas em vermiculita e mantidas em viveiro sob 70% de sombreamento e irrigação periódica. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x3x6 (quatro épocas, três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB), com quatro repetições de oito estacas. A época ideal para se coletar os ramos foi o inverno. Estacas coletadas no inverno apresentaram mortalidade média de 41%, enquanto nas estacas vivas o enraizamento médio foi de 66%, influenciado apenas pelo genótipo, todas apresentaram brotações e apenas 32% apresentaram calos. O AIB influenciou o número e o comprimento das raízes formadas em estacas no inverno. Na primavera, apesar da menor mortalidade (31%), apenas 0,34% das estacas vivas apresentaram raiz e 49% brotação, enquanto 97% das estacas apresentaram calo. No verão e outono a mortalidade das estacas foi extremamente alta, respectivamente, 93 e 81% das estacas.

Anti-cancer and antioxidant properties of phenolics isolated from Toona sinensis A Juss acetone leaf extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of phenolics from the leaf extract of Toona sinensis (TS). Methods: Acetone leaf extract of TS was screened for total phenolic and flavanoid contents, and the flanonoids were subjected to high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis. Antioxidant properties were assessed via oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), peroxyl radical scavenging capacity (PSC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), while anti-proliferative activity ins HepG2 cell line was assessed using methylene blue assay. Results: The extract contained 36.02 ± 0.24 mg of gallic acid equiv/g dry weight (DW) and 20.24 ± 1.73 mg of catechin equiv/g DW of total phenolic and total flavonoid, respectively. The levels of rutin and quercitrin were 0.51 and 19.55 mg/g, respectively. Epicatechin, gallic acid, quercitin, isoquercetin were not detected. The extract showed significant antioxidant potential and high anti-proliferation capacity with low cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell in vitro. The underlying mechanism of anti-proliferative effect was induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: TS leaf extract possesses significant in vitro antioxidant properties and anti-proliferative effect against HepG2 cells, which make it a potential anticancer drug source.

Occurrence of plastic debris in the stomach of the invasive crab Eriocheir sinensis

The Chinese mitten crab is known as a pest causing damage to fishing gears and fish. On the other hand, this highly invasive species is considered a delicacy by Asian migrants and therefore commercially fished and sold in many countries. The ingestion of plastic by the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis from the Baltic coastal waters (Poland) and the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) was studied based on stomach content analysis. As many as 13% of the 302 analysed males and females (38.07–89.07 mm carapace width) from both regions, contained microplastic in the form of strands and balls. Most of them were transparent. Ingested plastic particles were identified as fragments of fishing gears. Contamination with plastic may have a negative impact on this species as well as on higher trophic levels feeding on crabs.