Le traité de paix de Versailles (2e éd.) / Léon Bourgeois

Collection : Bibliothèque d'histoire contemporaine

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting communications from the plenipotentiaries of the United States charged with negotiating peace with Great Britain

Full Title: Message from the President of the United States, transmitting communications from the plenipotentiaries of the United States charged with negotiating peace with Great Britain : showing the conditions on which alone that government is willing to put an end to the war 13th Congress, 3d session. House. Doc. 6. October 10, 1814. Referred to the Committee of Foreign Relations. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Message from the President of the United States, transmitting copies of the instructions given to the ministers of the United States appointed to negotiate a peace with Great Britain

13th Congress, 3d session. House. Doc. no. 8. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- October 14, 1814. Read and referred to the Committee of Foreign Relations. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

The political influence of the kurdish community in Syria and its possible transboundary Effects in the subregion of the Middle East, during the period 2011-2014

El interés de esta monografía es analizar las interacciones no-lineales con resultados emergentes que mantuvo la comunidad kurda en Siria, durante el periodo 2011-2014, y por las cuales se produjeron formas de auto-organización como resultado de la estructura compleja a la que pertenece. De esta forma, se explica cómo a raíz de la crisis política siria y los enfrentamientos con el Estado Islámico, se transformó el rol de los kurdos en Siria y se influenciaron las estructuras políticas del país y las naciones de la región con población kurda. Por lo tanto, esta investigación se propone analizar este fenómeno a través del enfoque de complejidad en Relaciones Internacionales y el concepto de Auto-Organización. A partir de ello, se indaga sobre las interacciones surgidas en estructuras más pequeñas, que habrían afectado un sistema mayor; estableciendo nuevas formas de organización que no pueden ser explicadas, únicamente, a partir de elementos causales.

The fractured lives of German Bohemian children, born 1933-40 in the area known as Sudetenland: a memory study, Nablonz-Neugablonz

At the Paris Peace Conferences of 1918-1919, new states aspiring to be nation-states were created for 60 million people, but at the same time 25 million people found themselves as ethnic minorities. This change of the old order in Europe had a considerable impact on one such group, more than 3 million Bohemian German-speakers, later referred to as Sudeten Germans. After the demise of the Habsburg Empire In 1918, they became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia. In 1938, the Munich Agreement – prelude to the Second World War – integrated them into Hitler’s Reich; in 1945-1946 they were expelled from the reconstituted state of Czechoslovakia. At the centre of this War Child case study are German children from the Northern Bohemian town and district, formerly known as Gablonz an der Neisse, famous for exquisite glass art, now Jablonec nad Nisou in the Czech Republic. After their expulsion they found new homes in the post-war Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, testimonies have been drawn upon of some Czech eyewitnesses from the same area, who provided their perspective from the other side, as it were. It turned out to be an insightful case study of the fate of these communities, previously studied mainly within the context of the national struggle between Germans and Czechs. The inter-disciplinary research methodology adopted here combines history and sociological research to demonstrate the effect of larger political and social developments on human lives, not shying away from addressing sensitive political and historical issues, as far as these are relevant within the context of the study. The expellees started new lives in what became Neugablonz in post-war Bavaria where they successfully re-established the industries they had had to leave behind in 1945-1946. Part 1 of the study sheds light on the complex Czech-German relationship of this important Central European region, addressing issues of democracy, ethnicity, race, nationalism, geopolitics, economics, human geography and ethnography. It also charts the developments leading to the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia after 1945. What is important in this War Child study is how the expellees remember their history while living as children in Sudetenland and later. The testimony data gained indicate that certain stereotypes often repeated within the context of Sudeten issues such as the confrontational nature of inter-ethnic relations are not reflected in the testimonies of the respondents from Gablonz. In Part 2 the War Child Study explores the memories of the former Sudeten war children using sociological research methods. It focuses on how they remember life in their Bohemian homeland and coped with the life-long effects of displacement after their expulsion. The study maps how they turned adversity into success by showing a remarkable degree of resilience and ingenuity in the face of testing circumstances due to the abrupt break in their lives. The thesis examines the reasons for the relatively positive outcome to respondents’ lives and what transferable lessons can be deduced from the results of this study.

Library exceptions in the copyright laws of Ibero-American countries

The development of the digital setting has made it absolutely necessary to revise copyright legislation as a whole, including the exceptions that benefit libraries and similar institutions. Unfortunately, adaptation to the new technological reality is not taking place satisfactorily in most countries - the predominating trend is a refortification of copyright as opposed to user interests, and the maintenance of a certain pre-digital philosophy. In the case of Ibero-America the problem is twofold: aside from obsolescence or a lack of adaptation to the new technological setting, there are countries that have not yet included library-related exceptions in the national laws. Moreover, these happen to be developing countries, whose needs and interests do not coincide with those of the richer nations who paved the path to be followed by international treaties and copy- or copyright agreements. This study looks into the situation of exceptions to copyright to benefit libraries in the countries constituting Ibero-America, with a comparative analysis of the most significant characteristics of their national laws. It is concluded that it is crucial for these countries to take advantage of the options offered through the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996 and the results of the WIPO Development Agenda to update their legislation, in order that copyright will be respected, while at the same time making it easier for libraries to continue carrying out their social function in an adequate manner, always with the understanding of the developmental context of these countries.

Promoting economic links between the integration schemes of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

A crítica política e literária de Kurt Tucholsky e o início da República de Weimar (1919-1924)

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

The Map of the Courts and the Brazilian Borders

The formation of our borders are analyzed, at first presenting the question of the demarcation line of Tordesillas and the problems that led to the abandonment of this trace to adopt a configuration thatwould deal with both the actual possession of the territory (uti possidetis) as the natural borders formed by rivers and water borders. Next, the Map of the Courts is examined, having served as the basis for the Treaty of Madrid, and it determines, actually, the current configuration of our country. An analysis is made of this cartographic document, with the aid of digital cartography, which yieldeds in the quantity of existing distortions, to modeled its trait and found out how it was built.

An analysis of an international fishery: introduction to a fishery management strategy compatible with the fishing sector

Máster en Gestión Sostenible de Recursos Pesqueros

The story of Community preference for food security

"Préférence communautaire" is an in-built notion of the CAP since its inception with the Treaty of Rome (1957). Its’ simple objective laid down at the Stresa Conference in 1958 is to prefer community produce over imports wherever possible, while at the same time promoting agricultural exports and FDI (“vocation exportatrice de l’Europe”). Does this contrast or correlate with the notion of “food sovereignty” which originated in 1996 as a notion of small farmer self-sufficiency (Via Campesina), and which now has found its way into the official EC discourse? Recent CAP reforms indeed seem to continue banking on border protection and on the occasional export subsidy. Nonetheless, coming together with claims to mitigate climate change, “food sovereignty” à la CAP fails to acknowledge efficiency losses at home and negative spillover effects on the right to food of food exporting developing countries. This chapter asks whether new non-tariff and domestic support measures are just new wine in the old cask of fortress Europe, together with the FDI promotion instruments of the FED and others. Might the increasing dynamics and new challenges of agricultural trade and investment lead to lower market and production shares for European farms? It concludes that in the medium term the WTO Green Box has the only legal and effective tools to promote EU agriculture and food.

Regulation of mRNA splicing in Moloney murine sarcoma virus mutants

Cells infected with the conditionally defective MuSVts110 mutant of Moloney murine sarcoma virus are transformed at 33$\sp\circ$C but appear morphologically normal at 39$\sp\circ$C. The molecular basis for this phenotype is as follows: MuSVts110 contains a 1487 nucleotide central deletion that has truncated the 3$\sp\prime$ end to the gag gene and the 5$\sp\prime$ end of the mos gene. The resulting gag-mos junction is out-of-frame and the v-mos protein is not expressed. At 33$\sp\circ$C or lower, a splicing event is activated such that a 431 base intron is removed to realign the gag and mos gene in-frame, allowing the expression of a transforming protein P85$\sp{gag-mos}$. Temperature-dependent splicing appeared to be an intrinsic property of MuSVts110 transcripts and not a general feature of pre-mRNA splicing in 6m2 cells since splicing activity of a heterologous transcript in the same cells did not vary with temperature. The possibility that the splice event was not temperature-sensitive, but that the accumulation of spliced transcript at the lower growth temperatures was due to its selective thermolability was ruled out as stability studies revealed that the relative turnover rates of the unspliced and spliced MuSVts110 transcripts were not affected by temperature.^ The consensus sequences containing the splice sites activated in the MuSVts110 mutant (5$\sp\prime$ gag and 3$\sp\prime$ mos) are present, but not utilized, in wild-type MuSV-124. To test the hypothesis that it was the reduction of the 1919 base intervening sequence in MuSV-124 to 431 bases in MuSVts110 which activated splicing, the identical 1487 base deletion was introduced into cloned wild-type MuSV-124 DNA to create the MuSVts110 equivalent, ts32.^ To examine conditions permissive for splicing, we assayed splice site activation in a series of MuSV-124 "intron-modification" mutants. Data suggest that splicing in wild-type MuSV-124 may be blocked due to the lack of a proximal branchpoint sequence, but can be activated by those intron mutations which reposition a branch site closer to the 3$\sp\prime$ splice site. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.) ^

Los requisitos de ingreso del inmigrante desde la perspectiva diplomática española (1916-1919)

En este trabajo se propone analizar las consecuencias de los Decretos del 26 de abril y del 3 de octubre de 1916, por los cuales el gobierno argentino reglamentaba el artículo 32º de la Ley de Inmigración de 1876, imponiendo condiciones más estrictas en cuanto a los requisitos que debía cumplir quien quisiera arribar al país a partir de ese momento. La resistencia de las representaciones y de las compañías navieras hace que la aplicación del mencionado Decreto quede postergada. Sin embargo, debido a los hechos sangrientos de enero de 1919 conocidos como los sucesos de la "la semana trágica", el gobierno de Yrigoyen decide ponerlo en vigencia nuevamente. La reinstalación de los Decretos de 1916 provoca otra vez la reacción de las embajadas, entre ellas la española.

Los requisitos de ingreso del inmigrante desde la perspectiva diplomática española (1916-1919)

En este trabajo se propone analizar las consecuencias de los Decretos del 26 de abril y del 3 de octubre de 1916, por los cuales el gobierno argentino reglamentaba el artículo 32º de la Ley de Inmigración de 1876, imponiendo condiciones más estrictas en cuanto a los requisitos que debía cumplir quien quisiera arribar al país a partir de ese momento. La resistencia de las representaciones y de las compañías navieras hace que la aplicación del mencionado Decreto quede postergada. Sin embargo, debido a los hechos sangrientos de enero de 1919 conocidos como los sucesos de la "la semana trágica", el gobierno de Yrigoyen decide ponerlo en vigencia nuevamente. La reinstalación de los Decretos de 1916 provoca otra vez la reacción de las embajadas, entre ellas la española.

Los requisitos de ingreso del inmigrante desde la perspectiva diplomática española (1916-1919)

En este trabajo se propone analizar las consecuencias de los Decretos del 26 de abril y del 3 de octubre de 1916, por los cuales el gobierno argentino reglamentaba el artículo 32º de la Ley de Inmigración de 1876, imponiendo condiciones más estrictas en cuanto a los requisitos que debía cumplir quien quisiera arribar al país a partir de ese momento. La resistencia de las representaciones y de las compañías navieras hace que la aplicación del mencionado Decreto quede postergada. Sin embargo, debido a los hechos sangrientos de enero de 1919 conocidos como los sucesos de la "la semana trágica", el gobierno de Yrigoyen decide ponerlo en vigencia nuevamente. La reinstalación de los Decretos de 1916 provoca otra vez la reacción de las embajadas, entre ellas la española.