Integridade da pele em idosos: revisão da literatura segundo as cartas de promoção da saúde

Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica que objetivou relacionar as medidas educativas para a promoção da integridade da pele em idosos com as Cartas de Promoção da Saúde. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, SCOPUS, LILACS e COCHRANE, nos portais CAPES e BVS e na biblioteca PUBMED, mediante a aplicação dos descritores Health Education; Skin e Aged. Os resultados dos 7 artigos analisados apontaram como principais medidas educativas: inspeção diária da pele, cuidados com calçados e com os pés, uso regular de protetor solar e mudanças de decúbito. Essas medidas estavam relacionadas com as seguintes Cartas de Promoção da Saúde: Ottawa, Declaração de Santafé de Bogotá e Declaração de Jacarta. Conclui-se que as medidas educativas, baseadas nas Cartas, são de grande relevância para a criação de uma cultura de saúde, com enfoque na população e no indivíduo como agentes executores imprescindíveis para o alcance da promoção da saúde

Análise estatística de impedância da pele

In this work we analyze the skin bioimpedance statistical distribution. We focus on the study of two distinct samples: the statistics of impedance of several points in the skin of a single individual and the statistics over a population (many individuals) but in a single skin point. The impedance data was obtained from the literature (Pearson, 2007). Using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the assymmetry test we conclude that the impedance of a population is better described by an assymetric and non-normal distribution. On the other side, the data concerning the individual impedance seems to follow a normal distribution. We have performed a goodnes of fitting test and the better distribution to fit the data of a population is the log-normal distribution. It is interesting to note that our result for skin impedance is in simtony with body impedance from the literature of electrical engeneering. Our results have an impact over the statistical planning and modelling of skin impedance experiments. Special attention we should drive to the treatment of outliers in this kind of dataset. The results of this work are important in the general discussion of low impedance of points of acupuncture and also in the problem of skin biopotentials used in equipments like the Electrodermal Screen Tests.

Avaliação clínica e microbiológica das condições de saúde oral dos receptores de transplante renal do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Natal RN

Introduction: The chronic immunosuppression promotes the development of changes in the oral cavity of the kidney transplant recipients (KTR), however with the exception of gingival overgrowth, little is known regarding the prevalence of oral lesions in this population. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of clinical and microbiological conditions of the oral cavity of the recipients of kidney transplantation and the associated factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which examined 96 clinical KTR and experimental where collected saliva stimulated them to identify Candida sp. Data collection consisted of evaluation stomatologic, socio-demographic, clinical aspects of transplantation, condition of oral hygiene and dental caries, yonder to questions about knowledge of oral alteration after transplantation. Results: Of the total, 66.7% of KTR had some type of oral manifestation. The most common was saburral tongue, followed by gingival overgrowth, with both oral manifestations related to gender and concomitant use of cyclosporine and nifedipine (p <0.05). Tacrolimus showed a protective effect for gingival overgrowth (OR = 0.13). The oral hygiene was associated with saburral tongue(p = 0.03) and severity of gingival overgrowth (p = 0.0001). Oral candidiasis was diagnosed in 17.7% of patients and Candida albicans was isolated most frequently in the saliva of RTR with a colonization of 58.3%. The average DMF-T increased with age. The method of oral hygiene was most used brush and toothpaste to 61.5%. Changes in the oral cavity was seen in 54.2% of KTR, citing as the main growth and gingival ulcers. Instructions for oral hygiene after transplantation were neglected for 61.5% of RTR. Dry mouth and halitosis were reported in 30.2% and 36.5% respectively. Conclusions: More the half of the KTR had at least one injury of the mouth, the immunosuppressive drugs and oral hygiene are associated with these alterations. Prospective cohort studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between oral manifestations and levels of drug and risk of oral manifestations occur over time. The kidney transplant recipients showed to be aware of oral alterations occurred after transplantation and uninformed about the oral hygiene instructions. With regard to hygiene, the incidence of caries was considered high, conditions of risk were identified and improvements in primary attention should be encouraged and reflected in the monitoring of renal transplant

Influência do método de filetagem e categorias de peso sobre rendimento de carcaça, filé e pele da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the processing methods (F-1 = to remove skin with pliers and then to cut in fillets; F-2 = cut in fillet and then to remove skin with knife and pliers help) and weight categories (W-1=250-300 g; W-2=301-350 g; W-3 = 351-400 g and W-4 = 401-450 g), on the carcass (CY), fillet (FY) and skin yield of Nile tilapia. Forty-eight fishes were used in a completely randomized design. There was effect for the processing method, being the F-1 mean (56.43 and 36.67 %) higher to the F-2 (53.46 and 32.89%) for CY and FY respectively. For the weight categories, W-1 (56.49 and 37.34%) and W-2 (56.34 and 36.40%) were superior as compared to W-3 (53.27 and 31.98%) and W-4 (53.71 and 33.42%), respectively for CY and FY. Crude skin percentage, clean and of fleshed were higher for F-2, but there was no effect for weight categories. The F-1 processing method promoted the best yield and skin results, and for the weight categories W-1 and W-2 higher yields.

Análise da efetividade do transplante renal na qualidade de vida dos receptores no estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This study was developed with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of renal transplantation on quality of life of kidney recipients in the Rio Grande do Norte State. This is a descriptive study with longitudinal design, panel type with quantitative approach to data analysis. The Quality of Life (QoL) of chronic disease kidney patients before and after kidney transplantation was assessed by the WHOQOL-bref, The population consisted of patients in pre and post-renal transplantation, the sample had 63 patients older than 18 years. The study was conducted after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, No. CAAE 0008.0.294.000-10. Data collection was performed at a referral center for renal transplantation in Rio Grande do Norte, from May 2010 to May 2013. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and graphs. For statistical analyzes, Microsoft Excel XP and SPSS 15.0 software were used. The tests used were simple variance (ANOVA), t-test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test to compare means, and Spearman correlations. P values <0.05 were considered significant. The demographic data showed a predominance of people between 18 and 45 years (68.2%) with a mean age of 39.9 years (SD 12.2), male (63.5%), married (58.7%), with children (51.0%). Regarding the education level was observed that 49.2% of participants had completed primary school, and most did not engage in any work activity (90.4%) during the study period. Hemodialysis was the predominant renal replacement therapy (96.8%) and the average waiting time for execution of transplantation was 1.9 years (SD 1.9). Comparison of QoL before and after transplantation showed significant differences in all areas analyzed, demonstrating that kidney transplantation had a positive impact on QoL in chronic renal patients undergoing kidney transplantation. Sociodemographic factors did not influence the quality of life in this group of patients, indicating that transplantation was the main factor to explain the improvement in quality of life. Thus, the alternative hypothesis of the study was accept, that there is a significant difference in quality of life before and after kidney transplant. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the development of strategies to encourage organ donation and kidney transplantation process

Auta de Souza, a poeta de pele clara, um moreno doce : memória e cultura da intelectualidade afrodescendente no Rio Grande do Norte

In the first half of the twentieth century different groups of intellectuals were engaged in the pursuit of an ideal of Brazility. Thereon, two currents are perceived. The first was marked by a nostalgic bias about the past, being formulated by intellectuals from the region that was turning as Northeast. This group of intellectuals emphasized values and traditions of the agrarian aristocracy of the region that was losing visibility in the political and economic Brazil scene. Already the other current has a more modern and industrial feature, was formed by intellectuals from the Southeast that in detriment of the first, was rising. This group, on the other hand, was intended to give a new face to Brazil and break with the "roots" of our delay that in their view were linked to our agrarian past. This resulted in different perceptions and interpretations of our historical past, and the construction of different profiles to the Brazilian. Accordingly, our work seeks to understand how was produced the writing that silenced the mixed ancestry of Auta de Souza (1876-1901) considering the position that she should occupy in the intellectuals projects who were in charge of forming a memory for our state. Auta as a relevant historical character in this project of potiguares intellectuals, she was raised to the condition of a model woman and elected in the pantheon of the most beloved poets of Rio Grande do Norte, however, to occupy such prestigious position she had her racial ancestry concealed in the writings that these same intellectuals had written about her, what is still spreaded in memory and rituals places of religious and civic features

Morfometria de fibroblastos e fibrócitos durante o processo cicatricial na pele de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco tratados com calêndula

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da técnica de curtimento e do método utilizado para remoção da pele da tilápia-do-nilo sobre as características de resistência do couro

Um estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do método de remoção da pele do filé (com alicate e com máquina) e da técnica de curtimento (com ou sem sais de cromo, bioleather) sobre a resistência da pele de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram retiradas as peles de 40 tilápias (450 g), 20 com uso de alicates e 20 com auxílio de máquina. Após o curtimento e a retirada dos corpos-de-prova, as peles foram encaminhadas a um laboratório aclimatizado (23ºC e 50% de umidade relativa do ar) para realização dos testes de resistência em dinamômetro EMIC, com velocidade de afastamento entre cargas de 100 ± 20 mm/mm. O método de retirada da pele do filé não afetou os resultados dos testes de tração e rasgamento progressivo. A pele retirada com a máquina apresentou elongação superior (88,48%) à removida com alicate (71,09%). Peles curtidas com sais de cromo (25,54 N/mm; 12,18 N/mm²) foram mais resistentes que as curtidas sem sais de cromo (bioleather) (13,11 N/mm; 9,89 N/mm²). Peles curtidas por estas técnicas (com cromo e bioleather) podem ser utilizadas na confecção de vestuários, pois as médias dos testes de tração, alongamento e rasgamento progressivo foram superiores a 9,80 N/mm², 60% e 14,72 N/mm, respectivamente, valores mínimos recomendados para couros curtidos ao cromo.

Análise de efluente e histologia da pele, fígado e rim de Pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) suplementados com cromo trivalente

The objective of this work was to evaluate the skin, liver and kidney histology of young pacus supplemented in diet with trivalent chromium and to evaluate the residue of chromium in water effluent. Randomised delineation by using factorial scheme 4x2, with four levels of chromium (0, 6, 12, 18 mg/L), two stocking densities (4 and 20 kg/m(3)), and four repetitions were used. Pacus with 100 g were used, for 90 days. An increase of the number of mucus cells and club cells in the epidermis of the pacus supplemented with 18 chromium mg/kg was observed in any stocking density. The same effect was observed in the liver, and in the highest density (20 kg/m(3)) the alterations already occurred at the level of 6 mg/kg with the inclusion of chromium, initially with congestion of sinusoids and getting worse at the level of 18 mg/kg with necrosis. The kidney didn't present visible morphologic alterations when supplemented and submitted to the stocking densities. The concentration of chromium in the effluent of pacus was 3.27 mu g/L in the higher level of supplementation (18 mg/L). In conclusion the level of 18 supplement mg/kg was not shown beneficial to the growth of pacus and the stocking density, due to the possible stress, accelerated the alteration histology process of tissues.

Qualidade de vida medida pelo "WHOQOL-bref": estudo comparativo de pacientes em hemodiálise e pós-transplante renal

Exploratory descriptive study, prospective with quantitative approach, performed in the nefrology outpatient service from the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), Natal/RN, aiming to identify aspects that concern Quality of Life (QOL) on transplanted and hemodialysis patients, as measured by WHOQOL-bref and describe the aspects that differentiate QL between the two groups as measured by the same instrument. The population was of 62 renal patients in hemodialysis and 58 transplantd, with data collected from february to march 2006. The instrument used was WHOQOL-bref, translated to and validated for Portuguese by the multicentric group of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Brazil. The results show predominance of the masculine gender both in the post-transplant group (55,17%), as well as in the hemodialysis group (51,61%); the age strip of 28 to 43 prevailed, among which were 53,45% transplanted and 48,99% hemodialysis patients; 79,93% of the hemodialysis patients and 62,07% of the transplanted were provenient from ouside the capital of the state; from the hemodialysis population, 59,68% were married, while among the transplanted 48,28% were single; 58,06% of the hemodialisys patients had 1 to 3 children, while the majority of the transplanted, 44,83%, had no children; regarding scholarity level on both groups, there was a predominance of incomplete fundamental school, representing 62,9% of the hemodialysis patients and 46,6% of the transplanted; regarding work status, 98,39% of those in hemodialysis informed not to be working, and the same applied to the transplanted, with 75,86%; regarding treatment time, most patients of both populations were in the 1- to 4-year interval, of which were 62,9% of the hemodialisys patients and 53,45% of the transplanted. The analysis of WHOQOL-bref reliability through Crobach s Alpha coefficient had a value of 0,8816, demonstrating good internal consistency for the instrument. Regarding description of QOL tests, the average scores of the post-transplant were (Q-1) 18,14 e (Q-2) 18,69, and 12,3 (Q-1) and 11,29 (Q-2) for the group in hemodialisys. Regarding the aspects that differentiate QOL on the two groups observed through average scores from the Domains: Physical, 15,91 for the post-transplant group and 12,71 for the hemodialisys group; Psychological, 16,75 for the post-transplant group and 14,84 for the hemodialisys group; Social Relations, 17,79 on the post-transplant group and 16,58 on the hemodialisys group; Environment, 14,16 on the post-transplant group and 12,38 on the hemodialisys group. On every evaluated item, the post-transplant group achieved higher scores when compared to the hemodialisys group. The diference in QOL for both populations was significant on all items evaluated with a p<0,005

Crescimento e deposição de nutrientes nas penas, músculo, ossos e pele de frangos de corte de duas linhagens comerciais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise e classificação de imagens de lesões da pele por atributos de cor, forma e textura utilizando máquina de vetor de suporte

The skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and the increase of its incidence must, in part, caused by the behavior of the people in relation to the exposition to the sun. In Brazil, the non-melanoma skin cancer is the most incident in the majority of the regions. The dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are the main types of examinations for the diagnosis of dermatological illnesses of the skin. The field that involves the use of computational tools to help or follow medical diagnosis in dermatological injuries is seen as very recent. Some methods had been proposed for automatic classification of pathology of the skin using images. The present work has the objective to present a new intelligent methodology for analysis and classification of skin cancer images, based on the techniques of digital processing of images for extraction of color characteristics, forms and texture, using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and learning techniques called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Wavelet Packet Transform is applied for extraction of texture characteristics in the images. The WPT consists of a set of base functions that represents the image in different bands of frequency, each one with distinct resolutions corresponding to each scale. Moreover, the characteristics of color of the injury are also computed that are dependants of a visual context, influenced for the existing colors in its surround, and the attributes of form through the Fourier describers. The Support Vector Machine is used for the classification task, which is based on the minimization principles of the structural risk, coming from the statistical learning theory. The SVM has the objective to construct optimum hyperplanes that represent the separation between classes. The generated hyperplane is determined by a subset of the classes, called support vectors. For the used database in this work, the results had revealed a good performance getting a global rightness of 92,73% for melanoma, and 86% for non-melanoma and benign injuries. The extracted describers and the SVM classifier became a method capable to recognize and to classify the analyzed skin injuries

Avaliação do transplante de medula óssea alogênico por meio do estudo de regiões de repetições seqüenciais no genoma humano (VNTRs e STRs)

Os objetivos deste estudo foram estabelecer um protocolo para a análise de minissatélites ou VNTRs e microssatélites ou STRs em pacientes que se submeteram ao TMO alogênico; verificar a validade da metodologia e dos loci estudados e avaliar o tipo de recuperação do paciente. Foram analisados o DNA do paciente anterior e posterior ao transplante de 14 indivíduos e dos respectivos doadores. Amplificações por PCR de seis loci: D1S80, SE33, HumTH01, 33.6, HumARA e HumTPO foram realizadas. Os produtos amplificados foram separados por eletro­forese vertical em gel de poliacrilamida, e os fragmentos visualizados por coloração pela prata. Esse procedimento mostrou ser válido na verificação da recuperação alogênica, autóloga e provavelmente na quimérica. da somatória dos loci estudados, 63,1% apresentaram resultados possíveis de serem avaliados e, desses, 19,0% mostraram resultado informativo, 13,1% parcialmente informativo e 31,0% não informativo. Os 36,9% restantes não foram possíveis de avaliação. Dos loci avaliados, o que demostrou maior índice de resultado informativo foi o SE33, parcialmente informativo o HumTPO e não informativo o HumTH01, sendo o locus 33.6 o que mais apresentou resultados não possíveis de serem avaliados. Por outro lado, determinou-se a recuperação do paciente posterior ao transplante em 71,4% dos indivíduos, sendo que, desses, 90% apresentaram recuperação alogênica e 10% recuperação autóloga.

Avaliação de alterações orais em pacientes submetidos a transplante de medula óssea

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently the best therapeutic option for patients with hematologic diseases, solid tumors or autoimmune disorders. It is characterized by intravenous infusion of hematopoietic stem cells in order to restore marrow function. However, this procedure requires concomitant immunosuppression treatment, which favors the development of certain complications, often manifested in the oral cavity. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of oral changes in patients undergoing BMT and to correlate these results with clinical aspects related to the patients and the transplants performed. This is a prevalence study, with cross-sectional design, carried out in a BMT service at the Institute of Onco-Hematology of Natal (ION) and Natal Hospital Center. Data collection was based on questionnaires, clinical examination of the oral cavity and consultation in the medical records. The sample consisted of 51 patients undergoing BMT. After the analysis, was found a general status with good health conditions and presence of oral changes in about half of patients who composed the sample. The manifestations observed were, in decreasing order of frequency: mucositis; gingival alteration and thrombocytopenic purpura; mucosal pigmentation; lichenoid reaction and candidiasis. The oral changes were observed more frequently in cases of allogeneic TMO, in different periods post-transplant, without significant differences related to the source of cells. It was found statistically significant association between the presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and oral changes (p < 0,001). Therefore, it is concluded that there is a relatively high incidence of changes in oral cavity of patients receiving bone marrow transplantation, a fact which confirms the need to consider this site for examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of possible complications of BMT