Osteoindctivization of dental implants and bone- defect-filling materials

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On Crestal/Marginal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants

No abstract available.

Metastases and primary tumors around dental implants: A literature review and case report of peri-implant pulmonary metastasis

To perform a literature review on peri-implant metastases and primary malignoma and report a case of a pulmonary metastasis around dental implants of the anterior mandibular jaw that mimicked peri-implantitis.

Clinical and radiographic outcome of dental implants supporting fixed prostheses: the relevance of cortical bone formation

To evaluate the hard and the soft tissue parameters around implants supporting fixed prostheses over a period of 5 years and the possible association to the increase in periimplant bone density (IPBD).

Effect of Bio-Oss on osseointegration of dental implants surrounded by circumferential bone defects of different dimensions: an experimental study in the dog

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of gap width and graft placement on bone healing around implants placed in simulated extraction sockets of various widths in four Labrador dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five Osseotite implants per dog were placed in the mandible of four dogs. Two implants were inserted into sites with a 2.37 mm and two with a 1 mm gap present between the implants and bone around the coronal 6 mm of the implants in each dog. For one of each gap sizes, the gap was filled with Bio-Oss, and the other two with blood alone. A fifth implant was inserted without a gap and used as a control. Ground sections were prepared from biopsies taken at 4 months and histometric measurements of osseointegration and bone between the threads made for the coronal 6 mm. RESULTS: The medians for osseointegration ranged from 5.2 mm for control to 1-2.6 mm for the test modalities. There were significant differences for linear measurements of osseointegration (chi(2) 18.27; df 4; P=0.0011) and bone area within threads (chi(2) 23.4; df 4; P=0.0001) between test modalities. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the wider the gap around the implants, the less favourable the histological outcome at short time intervals following treatment. They also infer that bone grafting with an organic bovine bone xenograft seems to lead to a more favourable histological outcome for wider circumferential defects but not for narrower defects.

Soft and hard tissue histologic dimensions around dental implants in the canine restored with smaller-diameter abutments: a paradigm shift in peri-implant biology

PURPOSE To evaluate the biologic width dimensions around implants with nonmatching implant-abutment diameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five canines had their mandibular premolars and first molars removed bilaterally and replaced with 12 implants that had nonmatching implant-abutment diameters. On one side, six implants were placed in a submerged surgical approach, and the other side utilized a nonsubmerged approach. Two of the implants on each side were placed either 1 mm above, even with, or 1 mm below the alveolar crest. Two months later, gold crowns were attached, and the dogs were sacrificed 6 months postloading. Block sections were processed for histologic and histomorphometric analyses. RESULTS The bone level, connective tissue length, epithelial dimension, and biologic width were not significantly different when the implants were initially placed in a submerged or nonsubmerged surgical approach. The bone level was significantly different around implants placed 1 mm above the crest compared to implants placed even with or 1 mm below the alveolar crest. The connective tissue dimension was not different for any implant level placement. The epithelial dimension and biologic width were significantly greater for implants placed 1 mm below the alveolar crest compared to implants placed even with or 1 mm above the alveolar crest. For five of six implant placements, connective tissue covered the implant/abutment interface. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a fundamental change in the biologic response to implants with nonmatching implant-abutment diameters. Unlike implants with matching implant-abutment diameters, the connective tissue extended coronally past the interface (microgap). This morphologic tissue alteration represents a significant change in the biologic reaction to implant-abutment interfaces and suggests that marginal inflammation is eliminated or greatly reduced in these implant designs.

Soft tissue grafting to improve the attached mucosa at dental implants: A review of the literature and proposal of a decision tree.

BACKGROUND Scientific data and clinical observations appear to indicate that an adequate width of attached mucosa may facilitate oral hygiene procedures thus preventing peri-implant inflammation and tissue breakdown (eg, biologic complications). Consequently, in order to avoid biologic complications and improve long-term prognosis, soft tissue conditions should be carefully evaluated when implant therapy is planned. At present the necessity and time-point for soft tissue grafting (eg, prior to or during implant placement or after healing) is still controversially discussed while clinical recommendations are vague. OBJECTIVES To provide a review of the literature on the role of attached mucosa to maintain periimplant health, and to propose a decision tree which may help the clinician to select the appropriate surgical technique for increasing the width of attached mucosa. RESULTS The available data indicate that ideally, soft tissue conditions should be optimized by various grafting procedures either before or during implant placement or as part of stage-two surgery. In cases, where, despite insufficient peri-implant soft tissue condition (ie, lack of attached mucosa or movements caused by buccal frena), implants have been uncovered and/or loaded, or in cases where biologic complications are already present (eg, mucositis, peri-implantitis), the treatment appears to be more difficult and less predictable. CONCLUSION Soft tissue grafting may be important to prevent peri-implant tissue breakdown and should be considered when dental implants are placed. The presented decision tree may help the clinician to select the appropriate grafting technique.

Three-year outcomes of Straumann Bone Level SLActive dental implants in daily dental practice: a prospective non-interventional study

OBJECTIVE The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the performance of Straumann Bone Level SLActive implants in various clinical situations in daily dental practice for up to 3 years. METHOD AND MATERIALS This was a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study in which implants were placed within approved indications in any situation deemed suitable by the treating clinician. No implant placement or loading protocol was specified, and implants were placed according to the routine treatment protocols at each participating center. RESULTS In this analysis, data were available from 342 implants in 233 patients in three countries (USA, Canada, and Switzerland). One or two implants were placed in the majority of patients (70.8% and 19.3%, respectively), mostly in the maxilla (71.3%); almost half (47.7%) were placed in the esthetic zone. Implant placement after 4 to > 16 weeks of healing was preferred in Switzerland (92.0%), while 42.0% of implants were placed immediately in the USA and Canada. A flapless procedure was performed in 25.2% of cases in the USA and Canada, compared to 0.5% in Switzerland. Cumulative implant survival and success rates after 3 years were 97.5% and 93.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Straumann Bone Level Implants can achieve favorable outcomes and high survival rates after 3 years in daily dental practice. The survival and success rates were comparable with those achieved in formal controlled clinical trials.

Peri-implant bone loss of dental implants with platform-switching design after 5 years of loading: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate bone loss of implants with platform-switching design and analyze possible risk indicators after 5 years of loading in a multi-centered private practice network. METHOD AND MATERIALS Peri-implant bone loss was measured radiographically as the distance from the implant shoulder to the mesial and distal alveolar crest, respectively. Risk factor analysis for marginal bone loss included type of implant prosthetic treatment concept and dental status of the opposite arch. RESULTS A total of 316 implants in 98 study patients after 5 years of loading were examined. The overall mean value for radiographic bone loss was 1.02 mm (SD ± 1.25 mm, 95% CI 0.90- 1.14). Correlation analyses indicated a strong association of peri-implant bone loss > 2 mm for removable implant-retained prostheses with an odds ratio of 53.8. CONCLUSION The 5-year-results of the study show clinically acceptable values of mean bone loss after 5 years of loading. Implant-supported removable prostheses seem to be a strong co-factor for extensive bone level changes compared to fixed reconstructions. However, these results have to be considered for evaluation of the included special cohort under private dental office conditions.

Partial lateralization of the nasopalatine nerve at the incisive foramen for ridge augmentation in the anterior maxilla prior to placement of dental implants: a retrospective case series evaluating self-reported data and neurosensory testing

The objective of this study was to assess implant therapy after a staged guided bone regeneration procedure in the anterior maxilla by lateralization of the nasopalatine nerve and vessel bundle. Neurosensory function following augmentative procedures and implant placement, assessed using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination, were the primary outcome variables measured. This retrospective study included patients with a bone defect in the anterior maxilla in need of horizontal and/or vertical ridge augmentation prior to dental implant placement. The surgical sites were allowed to heal for at least 6 months before placement of dental implants. All patients received fixed implant-supported restorations and entered into a tightly scheduled maintenance program. In addition to the maintenance program, patients were recalled for a clinical examination and to fill out a questionnaire to assess any changes in the neurosensory function of the nasopalatine nerve at least 6 months after function. Twenty patients were included in the study from February 2001 to December 2010. They received a total of 51 implants after augmentation of the alveolar crest and lateralization of the nasopalatine nerve. The follow-up examination for questionnaire and neurosensory assessment was scheduled after a mean period of 4.18 years of function. None of the patients examined reported any pain, they did not have less or an altered sensation, and they did not experience a "foreign body" feeling in the area of surgery. Overall, 6 patients out of 20 (30%) showed palatal sensibility alterations of the soft tissues in the region of the maxillary canines and incisors resulting in a risk for a neurosensory change of 0.45 mucosal teeth regions per patient after ridge augmentation with lateralization of the nasopalatine nerve. Regeneration of bone defects in the anterior maxilla by horizontal and/or vertical ridge augmentation and lateralization of the nasopalatine nerve prior to dental implant placement is a predictable surgical technique. Whether or not there were clinically measurable impairments of neurosensory function, the patients did not report them or were not bothered by them.

Dental Implants Success Prediction: Tomography Based and Data Mining Based Approach.

There are a number of factors that contribute to the success of dental implant operations. Among others, is the choice of location in which the prosthetic tooth is to be implanted. This project offers a new approach to analyse jaw tissue for the purpose of selecting suitable locations for teeth implant operations. The application developed takes as input jaw computed tomography stack of slices and trims data outside the jaw area, which is the point of interest. It then reconstructs a three dimensional model of the jaw highlighting points of interest on the reconstructed model. On another hand, data mining techniques have been utilised in order to construct a prediction model based on an information dataset of previous dental implant operations with observed stability values. The goal is to find patterns within the dataset that would help predicting the success likelihood of an implant.

Endurance exercise, plasma oxidation and cardiovascular risk

Objective-Although physical activity is beneficial to health, people who exercise at high intensities throughout their lifetime may have increased cardiovascular risk. Aerobic exercise increases oxidative stress and may contribute to atherogenesis by augmented oxidation of plasma lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between aerobic power and markers of oxidative stress, including the susceptibility of plasma to oxidation. Methods and results-Aerobic power was measured in 24 healthy men aged 29 9 years (mean +/- SD). Plasma was analysed from subjects of high aerobic power (HAP; VO(2)max, 64.6 +/- 6.1 ml/kg/min) and lower aerobic power (LAP;VO(2)max, 45.1 +/- 6.3 ml/kg/min) for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and susceptibility to oxidation. Three measures were used to quantify plasma oxidizability: (1) lag time to conjugated diene formation (lag time); (2) change in absorbance at 234 nm and; (3) slope of the oxidation curve during propagation (slope). The HAP subjects had significantly lowerTAC (1.38 +/- 0.04 versus 1.42 +/- 0.06 TEAC units; P < 0.05), significantly higher change in absorbance (1.55 +/- 0.21 versus 1.36 +/- 0.17 arbitrary units; P < 0.05), but no difference in MDA (P = 0.6), compared to LAP subjects. There was a significant inverse association between TAC and slope (r = -0.49; P < 0.05). Lipoprotein profiles and daily intake of nutrients did not differ between the groups. Conclusions-These findings suggest that people with high aerobic power, due to extreme endurance exercise, have plasma with decreased antioxidant capacity and higher susceptibility to oxidation, which may increase their cardiovascular risk.