Prevalencia de vacas gestadas sacrificadas en el Matadero PROINCASA Tipitapa, Managua en el periodo de Diciembre 2008 a Junio 2009

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de Generar información útil para determinar el impacto económico del sacrificio de hembras gestantes en el Matadero PROINCASA, Tipitapa, Managua, Nicaragua. Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo transversal que mide la prevalencia de vacas gestadas sacrificadas en el matadero PROINCASA, Tipitapa, Managua, y por eso suelen denominarse estudios de prevalencia. Se tomaron todas las hembras sacrificadas en el matadero desde Diciembre 2008 a Junio 2009. Obteniéndose los siguientes resultados, De un total de 7,977 animales sacrificados de ambos sexos, correspondió a hembras un 89% y de estas la prevalencia de gestantes fue del 44%. Del total de vacas gestantes sacrificadas, el 44% se encontraban en tiempo de gestación de 0 a 3 meses, el 33% se encontraban en tiempo de gestación de 3 a 6 meses y el 23% se encontraban en tiempo de gestación de 7 a 9 meses. Las patologías encontradas fueron Quistes Ováricos, Cervix Quebrada, Infantilismo, Maceración Fetal, Cervicitis y Piometra por orden de importancia. Se deja de percibir la cantidad de $7,635,964 dólares americanos, por sacrificar hembras gestantes y disminución del hato nacional de 15,293 animales.

Effects of surface roughness on airframe noise

The generation of sound by turbulent boundary layer flow at low Mach number over a rough wall is investigated by applying the theoretical model which describes the scattering of the turbulence near field into sound by roughness elements. Attention is focused on the numerical method to approximately quantify the absolute level of the roughness noise radiated to far field. Empirical models for the source statistics are obtained by scaling smooth-wall data through increased skin friction velocity and boundary layer thickness for the rough surface. Numerical integration is performed to determine the roughness noise, and it reproduces the spectral characteristics of the available empirical formula and experimental data. Experiments are conducted to measure the radiated sound from two rough plates in an open jet by four 1/2'' free-field condenser microphones. The measured noise spectra of the rough plates are above that of a smooth plate in 1-2.5 kHz frequency and exhibits encouraging agreement with the predicted spectra. Also, a phased microphone array is utilized to localize the sound source, and it confirms that the rough plates generate higher source strengthes in this frequency range. A parametric study illustrates that the roughness height and roughness density significantly affect the far-field radiated roughness noise with the roughness height having the dominant effect. The estimates of the roughness noise for a Boeing 757 sized aircraft wing show that in high frequency region the sound radiated from surface roughness may exceed that from the trailing edge, and higher overall sound pressure levels for the roughness noise are also observed.

Simultaneous Laser-Induced Fluorescence And Contactless-Conductivity Detection For Microfluidic Chip

A combined detection system involving simultaneous LIF and contactless-conductometric measurements at the same place of the microfluidic chip was described. The LIF measurement was designed according to the confocal principle and a moveable contactless-conductivity detector was used in (CD)-D-4. Both measurements were mutually independent and advantageous in analyses of mixtures. Various experimental parameters affecting the response were examined and optimized. The performances were demonstrated by simultaneous detection of Rhodamine B. And the results showed that the combined detection system could be used sensitively and reliably. (C) 2008 Yong Yu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

El ciclo ceremonial de la batalla de La Higueruela (1431)

Resumen: La batalla de La Higueruela (1431) fue el éxito militar más importante en la frontera granadina de Juan II de Castilla. Más allá del hecho militar, este acontecimiento fue una ocasión para el desarrollo de varias ceremonias de la realeza. El estudio de estas ceremonias ofrece un interesante reflejo de las relaciones políticas dentro de la corte castellana.

Ground-water resources data of Charlotte, DeSoto, and Hardee Counties, Florida

Charlotte, De Soto, and Hardee counties are east-southeast of Tampa in west-central peninsular Florida, figure 1. In order to plan the future water-resource development of the area, information about the water resources is needed. To meet this need, the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Peace River Basin Board of the Southwest Florida Water Management District as part of the statewide cooperative program with the Division of Geology, Florida Board of Conservation, began a continuing hydrologic data collection program in July, 1963, as an initial step in the investigation and evaluation of the groundwater resources of Hardee and De Soto counties. A similar hydrologic data program commenced in Charlotte County in July, 1964. Previous work in Hardee and De Soto counties included a one year reconnaissance by the Division of Water Resources and Conservation, Florida Board of Conservation, which concluded in June, 1963, and resulted in a hydrologic report (Woodard, 1964). As an outgrowth of the hydrologic data program, a Map Series report portraying the chemical character of water in the Floridan aquifer in the southern Peace River basin was prepared in 1967 (Kaufman and Dion). The data contained herein constitute the basis for the Map Series report. Additional selected data, including records of wells and chemical analyses,, on the ground-water resources of the three county area are also included and are published to make the data available. (Document has 28 pages.)

大功率半导体激光器二维阵列模块特性分析

根据固体激光器抽运的技术要求，设计了一种具有水冷装置的大功率半导体激光器二维阵列模块，并对半导体激光器热沉和致冷系统的热流进行了分析。在不同占空比下，对该模块进行了测试与分析。该模块的中心波长为810nm，光谱半峰全宽（FWHM）为2．5nm，工作电流为110A（200μs，10％占空比），循环水温为15℃时输出峰值功率为280W。结果表明，该封装结构在占空比小于5％时器件工作特性良好，在10％占空比F也可正常工作。利用该模块可以组合成多种几何结构、功率更高的半导体激光器组件。

合成孔径激光成像雷达(Ⅲ):双向环路发射接收望远镜

提出了一种用于合成孔径激光成像雷达的双向环路结构的发射接收望远镜,双向环路包括发射4-f转像系统、接收4-f转像系统和独立的望远镜。发射通道中设置离焦和相位调制平板偏置,接收通道中设置离焦和相位平板偏置。控制发射离焦量,发射相位调制函数,接收离焦量,接收相位调制函数,用同一个望远镜可以同时实现空间二次项相位附加偏置的激光发射和消除目标点散射回波接收波面像差的离焦光学接收,并产生雷达运动方向上合适的和可控制的相位二次项历程,从而实现孔径合成成像。详细介绍了系统设计,给出了从发射到光电外差接收的全过程传输方程。

Efectos de ambigüedad y agresión en el arte óptico

1336 p.

Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence and optical amplification in Yb-Bi codoped phosphate glasses

Yb-Bi codoped phosphate glass was prepared and its properties were compared with Bi-doped phosphate glass. The broadband infrared luminescence intensity from Yb-Bi codoped glass was similar to 32 times stronger than that of Bi-doped glass. The single-pass optical amplification was measured on a traditional two-wave mixing configuration. No optical amplification was observed in Bi-doped glass, while apparent broadband optical amplification between 1272 and 1336 nm was observed from Yb-Bi codoped glass with 980 nm laser diode excitation. The highest gain coefficient at 1272 nm of Yb-Bi codoped glass reached to 2.62 cm(-1). Yb-Bi codoped phosphate glass is a promising material for broadband optical amplification. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Nd：YbVO4晶体的拉曼光谱和荧光光谱研究

用群论的方法计算了Nd：YbVO4晶体的拉曼活性振动模数目，在室温下测得了其极化拉曼谱线，并指认了在不同几何配置下，各振动模式所对应的频率。同时，测得了室温下晶体的吸收谱，得到了中心波长为808am吸收峰的半高宽为12nm，并在J-O理论的基础上计算了晶体的光学参数，其三个晶场参数分别为Ω2=6．88945×10^-20cm^2。Ω4=4．13394×10^-20cm^2、Ω6=4．54503×10^-20cm^2，并由此得到^4F3／2能级的荧光寿命为178．69炉，1062nm处的荧光分支比为48．85％，积分发射截面为2．786710^-18cm^2。分别在808nm、940nm激发下测得晶体室温发射谱，观察到了Nd→Yb以及Nd←Yb间的能量传递现象。