1000 resultados para Taxas de câmbio
Resumo:
Authoritarian governments and exchange rate policy in Latin American countries. Our aim on this paper is to identify the exchange rate policies used by Authoritarian governments in Latin America during the 170s and 180s. The literature shows that the focus of the exchange rate policy was on inflation control, which was not consistent with the evidence. We show on this paper that these governments aimed at a undervalued currency because of the behavior of the external balance of the countries.
Resumo:
This short chapter aims to make an adaptation to a small and financially integrated economy of the monetary / financial model presented by J. M. Keynes in his General Theory of Employment, interest and money. So, this has as a goal, particularly, to adapt the chapters 15 and 17 of the General Theory basically concerned to the speculative motivations to define the composition of the assets portfolio.
Resumo:
Interest rate, exchange rate and the system of inflation target in Brazil. In the consensus view of the Brazilian system of inflation targeting, the core of inflation is due to demand shocks; the rate of interest is set to control demand; and some variation in the exchange rate happens as "collateral damage". In this note we argue that in reality core inflation comes from cost push; the interest rate affects the exchange rate; changes in the exchange rate affect costs and prices; it is the effect of interest rates on demand that is the "collateral damage" and that the long run anchor of the system is low average real wage rigidity.
Resumo:
Real exchange rate and economic growth: a comparison between emerging and developed economies. This paper presents a discussion on the relationship between economic growth and real exchange rate. The article presents the results generated by a dynamic panel that tested the relationship of economic growth with the level of the exchange rate, exchange rate volatility and the choice of exchange rate regime from 26 countries, 13 emerging and 13 developed. The results suggest that the level of the exchange rate and volatility are relevant for growth. Finally, the paper stresses that there are important differences when comparing developed and emerging economies.
Resumo:
Real exchange rate, exchange rate misalignment and economic growth in Brazil: 1994-2007. In this article we argue that the Brazilian economy presented in the period 1994-2007 a tendency of real exchange rate appreciation with respect to its equilibrium value, mainly from 2005. This exchange rate misalignment has worked to reduce the growth of Brazilian economy and is the root of the re-emergence of current account deficits.
Resumo:
Inflation target, real exchange rate and external crisis in a Kaleckian model. Which role should the real exchange rate play in an inflation target regime? In this paper this point is discussed from the point of view of the conditions required for avoiding an external crisis. With this objective, a dynamic Kaleckian model is presented focusing on the stability of the external debt to capital ratio. The main conclusion is that policy makers should monitor closely the evolution of the real exchange rate in order to make compatible the inflation target regime with external stability.
Resumo:
This paper aims at exploring some hypothesis to explain why real interest rate and bank spread are so high. We argue that the interest rate problem and bank spread problem are connected. More precisely, one important cause of bank spread is the high level of BCB interest rate. So, the solution of interest rate problem, so that it can converge to the levels observed in other countries, will help to reduce bank spread, and doing so contributing to the reduction of the capital cost of the Brazilian economy.
Resumo:
This paper investigates a topic of the agenda about growth models, emphasizing the elaboration of an external constrained model with endogenous elasticity, with an emphasis on real exchange rate level as main tool for the economic development. The model is anchored in Kaldor, Thirlwall and Barbosa Filho's models and it will demonstrate that external constraint changes in the course of time.
Resumo:
This paper investigates the hypothesis of Dutch disease in Brazil by the existence of a negative relationship between commodity exports and the real exchange rate, and the effects of export specialization in commodities on the Brazilian economic growth from 1999 to 2010 based on VAR model. The evidences suggested an expressive importance of commodities exports in explaining the real exchange rate changes. Moreover, commodities exports shocks were relevant to explain Brazilian economic growth rate changes, which supports the "curse" of natural resources literature.
Resumo:
RESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma perspectiva macroeconômica do Brasil no final de 2014 e uma análise dos principais desafios à sua política macroeconômica nos anos subsequentes. De um lado, a análise é focada na relação entre as taxas de juros, o crescimento e a taxa de câmbio real. Por outro lado, o documento também analisa os múltiplos aspectos e problemas da política fiscal no Brasil.
Resumo:
RESUMOEste artigo analisa o chamado tripé da política macroeconômica brasileira, que desde 1999 tem combinado um regime de metas de inflação, um regime de taxa de câmbio flutuante e metas de superávit fiscal primário. A menos que o seu modus operandi seja alterado, o tripé não será capaz de libertar a economia brasileira de outra "possível trindade": altas taxas de juros reais, a apreciação da taxa de câmbio real e crescimento econômico muito baixo. Depois de analisar brevemente a base teórica sob o tripé macroeconômico, o artigo mostra por que este regime de política macroeconômica, se avaliado numa perspectiva de longo ou médio prazo, não tem sido capaz de garantir a estabilidade dos preços nem o crescimento econômico. Além da sugestão de romper com a estratégia brasileira de crescer com poupança externa, o documento também sugere três principais formas de mudar o modus operandi do tripé brasileiro: i) aumentar o horizonte de tempo para atingir a meta de inflação, como tem sido o experiência da maioria dos países que adotam esse regime de política monetária; ii) restaurar o papel anticíclico da política fiscal brasileira; e iii) adotar uma combinação de mecanismos que visem prevenir que a moeda brasileira entre em uma nova tendência cíclica da apreciação em termos reais.
Resumo:
Cólica é um síndrome de elevada importância na medicina e cirurgia de equinos. Cólicas que são referenciadas para correcção cirúrgica apresentam um impacto maior na taxa de sobrevivência. O presente trabalho pretende determinar o valor da taxa de sobrevivência, bem como, descrever as possíveis complicações e recorrências a longo prazo de uma população de 26 equinos que foram submetidos a cirurgia de cólica. Para a elaboração deste estudo foram revistos todos os casos clínicos de equinos submetidos a cirurgia de cólica, no período decorrente entre 1 de Janeiro de 2008 e 31 de Dezembro de 2010, na Clínica Medicina e Cirurgia de Equinos, LDA e foram elaborados questionários que foram endereçados via Web para o correio electrónico dos proprietários. Neste trabalho estão contemplados todos os cavalos com dor abdominal aguda, aos quais foram identificados parâmetros indicativos de iniciação de um protocolo de cirurgia, e excluídos, todos os que foram eutanasiados após o diagnóstico de cólica e os que foram vendidos até ao momento do questionário. A taxa de sobrevivência neste estudo foi de 86,7%, valor que se enquadra na bibliografia revista. Após a cirurgia de cólica 80% dos cavalos voltaram a praticar a actividade física. Todas as recidivas de cólica foram tratadas cirurgicamente não se verificando a influencia negativa da segunda laparotomia exploratória sobre a taxa de sobrevivência na nossa amostra. Todos os proprietários reconsiderariam a opção do tratamento cirúrgico caso se deparassem com um novo episódio de cólica.