Tasso di fuga per perturbazioni aperte di sistemi dinamici caotici

Si dimostra che una classe di trasformazioni espandenti a tratti sull'intervallo unitario soddisfa le ipotesi di un teorema di analisi funzionale contenuto nell'articolo "Rare Events, Escape Rates and Quasistationarity: Some Exact Formulae" di G. Keller e C. Liverani. Si considera un sistema dinamico aperto, con buco di misura epsilon. Se al diminuire di epsilon i buchi costituiscono una famiglia decrescente di sottointervalli di I, e per epsilon che tende a zero essi tendono a un buco formato da un solo punto, allora il teorema precedente consente di dimostrare la differenziabilità del tasso di fuga del sistema aperto, visto come funzione della dimensione del buco. In particolare, si ricava una formula esplicita per l'espansione al prim'ordine del tasso di fuga .

Strigonivm À Caesarianis Obsessvm : Anno Chr. 1595

D. Matthiae Thalmano, Equiti Aur. Augustae Vind. Praetori Vrb. DD. Dominic. Cust.

Zwo erschröckliche Newe Zeyttung : Von eim Wunderzeychen, so vber die Statt Ligniz, auch in Schlesien gesehen ist worden, am Himmel. ... Geschehen den 23. tag May, in disem 1595. Jar. ... Die ander, Ein erschreckliche Geschicht, von vier Vollsauffern, Geschehen in Hollandt, ...

In Fraktur

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di Torquato Tasso

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creato di Torquato Tasso

Horizontal profiles of longwave and shortwave radiation components over sea ice near Barrow, Alaska during the 2011 melt

An integrated instrument package for measuring and understanding the surface radiation budget of sea ice is presented, along with results from its first deployment. The setup simultaneously measures broadband fluxes of upwelling and downwelling terrestrial and solar radiation (four components separately), spectral fluxes of incident and reflected solar radiation, and supporting data such as air temperature and humidity, surface temperature, and location (GPS), in addition to photographing the sky and observed surface during each measurement. The instruments are mounted on a small sled, allowing measurements of the radiation budget to be made at many locations in the study area to see the effect of small-scale surface processes on the large-scale radiation budget. Such observations have many applications, from calibration and validation of remote sensing products to improving our understanding of surface processes that affect atmosphere-snow-ice interactions and drive feedbacks, ultimately leading to the potential to improve climate modelling of ice-covered regions of the ocean. The photographs, spectral data, and other observations allow for improved analysis of the broadband data. An example of this is shown by using the observations made during a partly cloudy day, which show erratic variations due to passing clouds, and creating a careful estimate of what the radiation budget along the observed line would have been under uniform sky conditions, clear or overcast. Other data from the setup's first deployment, in June 2011 on fast ice near Point Barrow, Alaska, are also shown; these illustrate the rapid changes of the radiation budget during a cold period that led to refreezing and new snow well into the melt season.