861 resultados para Solo - Uso


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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

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This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of temperature and air humidity from neighborhoods of Presidente Prudente according to the pattern of land use specific to each of them, over a representative period of winter (July 2011), at different times of day in order to identify the major changes in climatic elements and their causes in urban areas. The work is based mainly on the Monteiro’s theory (1976) of Urban Climate System and for its implementation was used data of temperature and relative humidity of the air in three urban neighborhoods and one rural area. With them, a Chart of Rhythmic Analysis was elaborated for identification of the operating atmospherics systems and basic climate conditions in the period. Were prepared, also, graphs and charts to evaluate and compare the data. There were significant differences in the characteristics of temperature and air humidity between the neighborhoods, especially when compared the urban areas with the rural area

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Os sistemas convencionais de produção agropecuária são considerados grandes causadores de impactos ambientais, tais como degradação do solo, poluição e assoreamento dos rios, destruição da vegetação nativa, perda de biodiversidade e contaminação dos alimentos, o que conseqüentemente induz o aparecimento de problemas sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Os sistemas naturais em bom estado de conservação oferecem serviços ambientais que são vitais para o ser humano. Diante disso, torna-se necessário compatibilizar a preservação dos recursos naturais com a produção agropecuária. Para a manutenção da saúde ambiental de uma microbacia hidrográfica submetida à produção agrícola, as matas ciliares, encontradas ao longo das margens da rede de drenagem e ao redor das nascentes, exerce importantes funções do ponto de vista hidrológico, ecológico e geomorfológico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral propor medidas de adequação ambiental para a microbacia da cabeceira do córrego do Taquari (3.260 ha) no município de Leme/SP. Como objetivos específicos teve-se: a) delimitar as Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP’s) e Reserva Legal (RL), conforme a legislação ambiental vigente e b) realizar uma proposta de adequação ambiental para a microbacia, considerando a sua estrutura fundiária. Através de estudo de caso realizado nesta microbacia, que faz parte do Programa Estadual de Microbacias Hidrográficas do Estado de São Paulo, procurou-se por meio de um banco de dados cartográfico, gerar no final, um mapa de adequação ambiental. A microbacia possui 62,5% de sua área ocupada por cultura de canade- açúcar e 16,6% por culturas anuais, com maior destaque para milho e algodão. Na microbacia existem 71 propriedades rurais, sendo que 51 (71,8%) delas apresentam áreas menores que 30 hectares, se encaixando como...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The present study aims to establish the mapping units climate Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, with a more refined analysis in the study of extreme weather events to contribute to the adaptation of populations made vulnerable in the face of extreme weather events, and also as an aid local public policies, from a new perspective climate. As criteria of analysis, temperature, precipitation, altitude and use and occupation of land. For this we use as a work methodology broad literature review, fieldwork and use of geotechnology in the proposed mapping generation

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The fundamental objective of this research was analyzed the urban expansion’s process of municipality Piracicaba, it is located in the countryside of São Paulo state. The use and occupation of land by observing the social and environmental impacts related, including the Protection Permanent Area (PPA) of urban fringes according to the successive expansions of Piracicaba city in 2006, the publication year of the current city hall director planning, until 2011, when the approval of the eighth and most recent update of Piracicaba’s expanding the perimeter. The development of the study was conducted with the support of bibliographic, cartographic, considering maps and satellite images, further more field work. Thematic maps of the current urban expansion were created, urban voids and land use were developed, typifying the occupation according to the activities established thus through the analysis of land use through cartographic interpretation, as research in locus. To assist the research geotechnologies were used, both for production and for the interpretation of cartographic materials, specially in Geographic Information Systems

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In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

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The Atlantic Forest is considered the fifth most important hotspot of the world, for its high endemism and biodiversity. The Serra do Mar State Park (SMSP) is the biggest area of integral protection in Brazilian coast, having the largest continuous remnant area of Atlantic Forest. Its creation aims to protect the Atlantic Forest remnants and regeneration of degraded areas. The present work develops in the administrative center Núcleo Santa Virgínia, created on May 2, 1989 and aims a comparative analysis and environmental interpretation regarding the evolution of the landscape its creation until the present days, using geoprocessing techniques. For a better understanding of some definitions, a literature review is presented about the current scenario of conservation units, concepts of landscape, landscape ecology, landscape dynamics and the importance of the geoprocessing for landscape analysis. It was elaborated two thematic charts of use and occupation land of Núcleo Santa Virgínia (1989 and 2014) and quantified for each type of use for later comparison

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The expansion and growth of towns affect the hydrology of watersheds included in the urban environment, impacting mainly the slopes and river channels. This interference can be in soil waterproofing, the runoff of rainwater, the extinction of surface drainage, the dynamics of flooding processes, etc. For studies concerning the hydrological behavior of watersheds, Remote Sensing techniques have been used to support the acquisition and analysis of data and also to generate new information from the integration of these data. In this context, the study aimed to characterize scenarios and conduct comparative analysis of urban occupation of parts of watershed the Córrego da Servidão, in Rio Claro (SP) and analyze the degree of waterproofing on the ground. With the support of the soil categories of waterproofing listed in Soil Conservation Service (S.C.S / USDA) this analysis was conducted, considering the scenarios of 1958 and 2006, through processes of interpretative analysis of panchromatic and color images aerofotogramétricas. The analysis, data integration and mapping of the watershed area were conducted in an environment of a Geographic Information System (GIS). Maps were obtained to characterize land cover in the watershed, showing the evolution of urban occupation, as well as indicating the densely built and waterproofed

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Different forms of human pressure may occur in the pipeline ranges, due to the large extensions and various configurations of land use, which can pass through the pipelines. Due to the dynamics of these pressures, it is necessary to monitor temporal changes of land use and cover the surface. Under this theme, appears as extremely important to use products and techniques of remote sensing, as they allow the identification of objects of the land surface that may compromise the security and monitoring of the pipeline, and allows the extraction of information conditions on land use at different periods of time. Based on the above, this paper aims to examine in a temporal approach, the process of urban expansion in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as settlement patterns characteristic of areas that the changes occurred in the period 1987 to 2010. We used the technique of visual analysis to perform the change detection and the technique of image classification, aimed at monitoring human pressure over a stretch of track pipeline Rio de Janeiro - Belo Horizonte, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The stages of work involved the characterization of the study area, urban sprawl and the existing settlement patterns, through the analysis of bibliographic data. The processing of Landsat 5 images and the application of the technique of change detection were performed in three scenes for the years 1987, 1998 and 2010, while the classification process was performed on the image RapidEye for the year 2010. Can be noted an increase in urban area of approximately 22.38% and the change of land cover from natural to built. This growth is concentrated outside to the area of direct influence of the duct, occurring in the area of indirect influence of the enterprise. Regarding the settlement patterns of growth areas, it was observed that these are predominantly

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Cette étude visait à générer une carte du potentiel d'érosion pour la Ferme Santa Edwirges, située à Lorena /SP. Les résultats ont etés classifiés en faible, modéré, élève et très élève potentiel d'érosion et la carte obtenue a été comparé par rapport aux autres cartes existantes pour la zone d'étude. La méthodologie proposée se basant sur une application qualitative simple L’équation Universelle de Perte de Sol (USLE ou EUPS), en considérant les parties de l'équation: érodibilité, la topographie et l'utilisation des terres. Les donnés ont etés intégrés par l'algèbre de carte dans l’environnement SIG de ArcGIS. Pour la représentation de chacune de ces parcelles, nous avons utilisé une carte des formations superficielles de la ferme, généré à partir d'une ré-interprétation de la carte géologique, une carte de la pente et une carte d'utilisation des terres, attribuant un poids d’important pour chaque catégorie de ces cartes dans le processus d'érosion et dans l'algèbre proposée. Les résultats obtenus sont compatibles avec les zones identifiées comme les plus critiques sur terrain. La ferme a été identifiée comme de potentiel d'érosion modérée et la partie sud de la ferme le plus critique, suivi du groupe conduit par la zone de cisaillement, par contre les plaines proches des rivières ont eté identifié comme la zone plus stable avec moins de potentiel d'érosionDe la comparaison des résultats de ce travail et d'autres qui ont fait antérieurement dans la zone d’intéresse, qui ont utilisé les paramètres géotechniques dans la représentation de l'érosivité des sols, nous avons pu voir des résultats similaires, en particulier dans les zones à potentiel élevé et faible pour l'érosion. De la discussion et analyse des résultats, la méthodologie proposée à eté validée

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento temporal das áreas de vegetação no Centro Experimental de Campinas (CEC), uma fazenda de propriedade do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento e fotointerpretação. O local de estudo situa-se no município de Campinas - SP, e a área em questão foi escolhida por estar situada dentro de uma propriedade do estado e por apresentar uma grande mudança histórica no que diz respeito à vegetação. Também por que, apesar de ser um centro de experimentação agrícola, esse estudo demonstrara como num intervalo de quarenta anos a consciência ecológica muda radicalmente dentro do Centro. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas digitais da fazenda dos vôos referentes aos anos de 1964, 1972 e 2002, todas de propriedade do acervo do Laboratório de Geoprocessamento do Centro de Conservação dos Solos do IAC. Alem da foto de satélite da fazenda obtida no software Google Earth, com data de 2006. Analisando imagens e mapas, observou-se como a área vegetada aumentou no Centro Experimental de Campinas nesse intervalo de quarenta e dois anos, passando de 7,55% (52.383 ha) em 1964 para 34,13% (236,497 ha) da área total do centro em 2006. Também pode-se ver que hoje há uma preocupação muito grande com a manutenção e conservação dessas matas.

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O presente estudo tem por finalidade identificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça. O córrego em questão é um dos principais afluentes do Ribeirão Mandaguari e drena uma grande área do município de Presidente Prudente. A identificação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação das áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça foi baseada na análise da paisagem. Esta foi realizada a partir da inter-relação entre os aspectos históricos, urbanos e geomorfológicos. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico do processo de urbanização da cidade, através do qual se pôde compreender a forma como se deu a ocupação dessas áreas. Foram analisadas as características da paisagem local bem como as formas de uso e ocupação atuais do solo através de coleta de dados e informações em trabalhos acadêmicos, publicações, mapas e trabalhos de campo. No final do trabalho identificaram-se impactos ambientais decorrentes das formas de uso e ocupação do solo bem como da forma como se deu a implantação dos loteamentos

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The projects of the company Vale SA territorialization triggers a series of territorial determinations on local populations. This process denotes a situation of sociospatial conflicts between the affected people and the company, which occur in the material and symbolical scope. In the expansion of these conflicts is established the International Articulation of those Affected by Vale and the “Movimento de Soberania Popular Frente a Mineração” (MAM) which aims to promote communication and unification of the struggles between different social movements and populations on confrontation with the company. This project aims to examine how these conflicts are established in projects relating to mining operations in Brazil. The development starts from a mapping of the investments in the sector, identifying the major determinations territorial, the forms of organization of resistance, identifying who are the groups in conflict