Primary Commodity Prices: Co-movements, Common Factors and Fundamentals

The behavior of commodities is critical for developing and developed countries alike. This paper contributes to the empirical evidence on the co-movement and determinants of commodity prices. Using nonstationary panel methods, we document a statistically significant degree of co-movement due to a common factor. Within a Factor Augmented VAR approach, real interest rate and uncertainty, as postulated by a simple asset pricing model, are both found to be negatively related to this common factor. This evidence is robust to the inclusion of demand and supply shocks, which both positively impact on the co-movement of commodity prices.

Esparganose em alguns vertebrados do Brasil: dificuldades na identificaçao das espécies de Luheella (Spirometra)

Some species of Amphibia and Reptilia are listed as new hosts of spargana, from material deposited in the Helminthological Collection of Oswaldo Cruz Institute. It is discussed the difficulties in identifying the larvae (Sparganum) and also the identification of adults of Luheella species from South America. The histopathology induced by spargana in the liver of a species of Amphibia is briefly described.

Relevance of biallelic versus monoallelic TNFRSF13B mutations in distinguishing disease-causing from risk-increasing TNFRSF13B variants in antibody deficiency syndromes.

TNFRSF13B encodes transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), a B cell- specific tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member. Both biallelic and monoallelic TNFRSF13B mutations were identified in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders. The genetic complexity and variable clinical presentation of TACI deficiency prompted us to evaluate the genetic, immunologic, and clinical condition in 50 individuals with TNFRSF13B alterations, following screening of 564 unrelated patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. We identified 13 new sequence variants. The most frequent TNFRSF13B variants (C104R and A181E; n=39; 6.9%) were also present in a heterozygous state in 2% of 675 controls. All patients with biallelic mutations had hypogammaglobulinemia and nearly all showed impaired binding to a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). However, the majority (n=41; 82%) of the pa-tients carried monoallelic changes in TNFRSF13B. Presence of a heterozygous mutation was associated with antibody deficiency (P< .001, relative risk 3.6). Heterozygosity for the most common mutation, C104R, was associated with disease (P< .001, relative risk 4.2). Furthermore, heterozygosity for C104R was associated with low numbers of IgD(-)CD27(+) B cells (P= .019), benign lymphoproliferation (P< .001), and autoimmune complications (P= .001). These associations indicate that C104R heterozygosity increases the risk for common variable immunodeficiency disorders and influences clinical presentation.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation after reduced intensity conditioning in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of the HDR-ALLO study - a prospective clinical trial by the Grupo Español de Linfomas/Trasplante de Médula Osea (GEL/TAMO) and the Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Although Hodgkin's lymphoma is a highly curable disease with modern chemotherapy protocols, some patients are primary refractory or relapse after first-line chemotherapy or even after high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. We investigated the potential role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in this setting. DESIGN AND METHODS In this phase II study 92 patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma and an HLA-identical sibling, a matched unrelated donor or a one antigen mismatched, unrelated donor were treated with salvage chemotherapy followed by reduced intensity allogeneic transplantation. Fourteen patients showed refractory disease and died from progressive lymphoma with a median overall survival after trial entry of 10 months (range, 6-17). Seventy-eight patients proceeded to allograft (unrelated donors, n=23). Fifty were allografted in complete or partial remission and 28 in stable disease. Fludarabine (150 mg/m(2) iv) and melphalan (140 mg/m(2) iv) were used as the conditioning regimen. Anti-thymocyte globulin was additionally used as graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis for recipients of grafts from unrelated donors. RESULTS The non-relapse mortality rate was 8% at 100 days and 15% at 1 year. Relapse was the major cause of failure. The progression-free survival rate was 47% at 1 year and 18% at 4 years from trial entry. For the allografted population, the progression-free survival rate was 48% at 1 year and 24% at 4 years. Chronic graft-versus-host disease was associated with a lower incidence of relapse. Patients allografted in complete remission had a significantly better outcome. The overall survival rate was 71% at 1 year and 43% at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic stem cell transplantation can result in long-term progression-free survival in heavily pre-treated patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The reduced intensity conditioning approach significantly reduced non-relapse mortality; the high relapse rate represents the major remaining challenge in this setting. The HDR-Allo trial was registered in the European Clinical Trials Database (EUDRACT, https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/) with number 02-0036.

Tumour necrosis factor -308 and -238 promoter polymorphisms are predictors of a null virological response in the treatment of Brazilian hepatitis C patients

Certain host single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect the likelihood of a sustained virological response (SVR) to treatment in subjects infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). SNPs in the promoters of interleukin (IL)-10 (-1082 A/G, rs1800896), myxovirus resistance protein 1 (-123 C/A, rs17000900 and -88 G/T, rs2071430) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (-308 G/A, rs1800629 and -238 G/A, rs361525) genes and the outcome of PEGylated α-interferon plus ribavirin therapy were investigated. This analysis was performed in 114 Brazilian, HCV genotype 1-infected patients who had a SVR and in 85 non-responders and 64 relapsers. A significantly increased risk of having a null virological response was observed in patients carrying at least one A allele at positions -308 [odds ratios (OR) = 2.58, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.44-4.63, p = 0.001] or -238 (OR = 7.33, 95% CI = 3.59-14.93, p < 0.001) in the TNF promoter. The risk of relapsing was also elevated (-308: OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.51-5.44, p = 0.001; -238: OR = 4.20, 95% CI = 1.93-9.10, p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression of TNF diplotypes showed that patients with at least two copies of the A allele had an even higher risk of having a null virological response (OR = 16.43, 95% CI = 5.70-47.34, p < 0.001) or relapsing (OR = 6.71, 95% CI = 2.18-20.66, p = 0.001). No statistically significant association was found between the other SNPs under study and anti-HCV therapy response.

Una visió general de les infraestructures de recerca a Europa – i recomanacions a LIBER

Les infraestructures de recerca inclouen diferent tipologies, des d’instal·lacions úniques a altres basades en xarxes. Típicament han sorgit de necessitats específiques d’una disciplina o bé multidisciplinàries. Les infraestructures de recerca produeixen, processen o gestionen volums heterogenis d’informació, tant grans com petits. Són les anomenades “fàbriques de dades científiques” del segle XXI. Comprenen diversos tipus de recursos d’informació com publicacions, col·leccions digitalitzades, objectes d’aprenentatge i dades de recerca. Les qüestions clau d'avui dia per a les infraestructures de recerca són el seu coneixement per part dels investigadors, i la seva viabilitat, sostenibilitat i interoperabilitat. El compromís de les biblioteques de recerca amb les infraestructures de recerca ha estat baix. Si bé això podria ser comprensible el 2005, quan les primeres prioritats per les inversions en infraestructures de recerca s’estaven definint, ara representa un gran buit en l'estratègia europea. Iniciatives clau com ESFRI no inclouen cap participació per part de biblioteques de recerca, amb excepció de DARIAH. La participació en projectes finançats per la Unió Europea (a través de LIBER o directament a través d'institucions) es va centrar (amb algunes excepcions) en les àrees de digitalització, patrimoni cultural i publicacions. Les biblioteques de recerca han d'esdevenir actors visibles en les discussions estratègiques sobre les infraestructures de recerca i haurien d’explorar activament la seva participació en les infraestructures de dades d'investigació. Accés Obert, Ciència Oberta (dades), les dades de recerca (infraestructures i gestió) són els catalitzadors per aconseguir que les biblioteques de recerca siguin presents pels investigadors més enllà de les humanitats i les ciències socials. "L'accés obert és global - però la seva aplicació és local '. Aquest és popular lema del projecte OpenAIRE i dóna a les biblioteques de recerca locals un paper important en el context europeu. Les dades de recerca són específiques segons les disciplines, però les polítiques, els fluxos de treball i les normes també s'han d'aplicar a nivell local. La creació d'infraestructures participatives amb la participació d’actors institucionals, nacionals i temàtics ha estat identificat per la Unió Europea com una tasca clau per a la dècada actual. El terme 'participatiu' també es considera d'importància fonamental per a l'estratègia de la política europea, ja que s'adapta molt bé amb la coordinació a nivell nacional i europeu per aconseguir una eficiència de costos i contribueix a evitar la duplicació de treball. Els principals desafiaments per a la construcció d'un ecosistema coherent, finançable i sostenible no es troben en les TIC, sinó més aviat en la gestió, la normativa, l'organització, els aspectes socioculturals, la confiança, i, per descomptat, els costos.

Pla d'ordenació cinegètica de les Gavarres

Aquest projecte te com a objectiu el·laborar un Pla d' ordenació cinegètica de les Gavarres