Arctic Siberia: Modern pollen dataset and pollen spectra changes over the last 7,000 years from a lacustrine sediment core (southern Taymyr region)

Palaeoecological investigations in the larch forest-tundra ecotone in northern Siberia have the potential to reveal Holocene environmental variations, which likely have consequences for global climate change because of the strong high-latitude feedback mechanisms. A sediment core, collected from a small lake (radius ~100 m), was used to reconstruct the development of the lake and its catchment as well as vegetation and summer temperatures over the last 7100 calibrated years. A multi-proxy approach was taken including pollen and sedimentological analyses. Our data indicate a gradual replacement of open larch forests by tundra with scattered single trees as found today in the vicinity of the lake. An overall trend of cooling summer temperature from a ~2 °C warmer-than-present mid-Holocene summer temperatures until the establishment of modern conditions around 3000 years ago is reconstructed based on a regional pollen-climate transfer function. The inference of regional vegetation changes was compared to local changes in the lake's catchment. An initial small water depression occurred from 7100 to 6500 cal years BP. Afterwards, a small lake formed and deepened, probably due to thermokarst processes. Although the general trends of local and regional environmental change match, the lake catchment changes show higher variability. Furthermore, changes in the lake catchment slightly precede those in the regional vegetation. Both proxies highlight that marked environmental changes occurred in the Siberian forest-tundra ecotone over the course of the Holocene.

Producción BCN200 : desarrollo del proceso de obtención de la base cartográfica nacional a escala 1:200.000 : detección, edición y resolución de conflictos cartográficos en la representación a escala.

Los objetivos propios del proyecto propuesto se centran en describir las fases necesarias del proceso de producción de la Base Cartográfica Nacional a escala 1:200.000, cuyo producto final es plasmado en un mapa cartográfico concreto; Mapa Provincial con la misma escala. Todas las tareas esenciales para su elaboración se realizan de acuerdo a la finalidad principal que persigue la creación de un mapa, que es la representación clara y concisa de los elementos geográficos que definen una extensión de territorio. Se pone de manifiesto las normas y reglas específicas que son necesarias para dicha producción, atendiendo las condiciones que presenta el modelo de la base de datos concreta, compuesto por la información válida con carácter oficial, ya que debe estar registrada por las instituciones del Estado, de forma que el conjunto de información sea la más adecuada a la realidad objetiva. Se siguen aquellas pautas referentes a la captura de los datos que componen dicho modelo, teniendo en cuenta la escala cartográfica a la que se representan y ciertas condiciones geométricas. Así como aquellas normas que guían los procesos de controles de calidad y generalización de la información geográfica. También, se establecen de forma fija la serie de estilos de representación de las geometrías componen el mapa, y la simbología utilizada para identificar las entidades definidas mediante elementos puntuales. Las reglas principales descritas son las concernientes a la edición de los conflictos cartográficos producidos a la hora de representar los datos reales. La BCN200 se crea con la finalidad principal de recopilar toda la información cartográfica que define el aspecto y el conjunto de detalles, tanto geográficos y naturales, como aquellos aportados por las construcciones realizadas por el ser humano, de la superficie terrestre que abarca el territorio nacional, con la finalidad de facilitar el desarrollo de tareas semiautomáticas para obtener una producción de diversas elaboraciones cartográficas, digitales o impresas.

South America, 1825 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: General-Charte von Süd-America = Carte générale de L'Amerique Méridionale : en deux grandes feuilles. d'après les observations et les cartes spéciales, rapportées du Voyage dans l'intérieur du Brèsil, pendant les années 1817-1820..., par les Docteurs de Spix et de Martius, Chevaliers de L'Ordre civil de la Couronne de Bavière, membres de L'Académie Royale de Munich ; gestochen von Joh. Bapt. Seitz, Kupferstecher im topographischen Bureau des Kön. baier. General-Quartiermeister Stab. It was published by [M. Lindauer] in 1825. Scale [ca. 1:7,000,000]. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map, representing the northern portion of the map. Map in German and French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the South America Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, roads, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Geneva, Switzerland, 1880 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Genève, N. Galais père, ingéniuer géomètre de [1ere] classe; litographie artistique Lelièvre-Drache. It was published by Lelièvre-Drache in 1880. Scale 1:3,000. Covers Geneva, Switzerland. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 32N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street railway lines, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, cemeteries, parks, docks, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Hamburg Region, Germany, 1878 (Image 1 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: [Topographische Karte 1:25 000] : Hamburg (1029). It was published by Konig[liche] Preuss[ische] Landes-Aufnahme in 1878. Scale 1:25,000. This layer is image 1 of 4 total images of the four sheet source map, representing the southwest portion of the map. Covers the Hamburg region, Germany. Map in German.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Deutsches Hauptdreiecksnetz (DHDN) 3-degree Gauss-Kruger Zone 3 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, ground cover, gardens, docks, wharves, and more. Relief shown by contours and spot heights. Depths shown by soundings.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.