Mélanges sur l'histoire religieuse du XVIe siècle.

Contient : 1 Mémoire pour le roi contre l'excommunication de Jeanne d'Albret, reine de Navarre ; 2 Actes du colloque de Poissy, 14 octobre 1561. « Acta Pissiaci, quod est Carnutum oppidum ad Sequane amnis ripam, anno humane salutis 1561, pridie idus octobris » ; 3 « Memoires et instructions des syndicz, deputez par les clergez de France, pour servir et proposer en l'assemblée que l'on dict debvoir estre faicte touchant l'approbation ou reject du concile tenu à Trente, aux fins de requerir par l'eglise gallicane la reception et auctorisation d'icelluy... et ce non obstans telles quelles pretendues nullitez et abus mentionnez en certain advis ou conseil deliberé à Paris, à la requeste d'aulcuns que l'on maintient estre du conseil privé du roy, selon qu'il est contenu en la dessusdicte consultation ou advis de Me Charles Dumoulin » ; 4 « Moiantz à deduire par les deputez et syndictz de l'eglise gallicane, pour faire recepvoir les articles du concile tenu à Trente, avecques les modifications requises en aucungs d'iceulx. Pour l'occurance de ceste matière... » ; 5 Mémoire des syndics du clergé de France contre les huguenots protestants, 1564. « Les sindicz des clergez de France ayans veu certain discours imprimé à Paris cest an mil VC.LXIIII, par lequel est persuadé au roy et à son peuple de laisser dedens les fins et limites de ce royaulme, en certaine asseurance, l'evenement des deux religions, selon le contenu en l'edict de pacification et interpretation faicte d'icelluy, leue, publiée et enregistrée au parlement de Paris du vingtiesme jour de decembre l'an mil. VC.LXIII... » ; 6 Mémoire contre les chantres de la chapelle du roi. On lit en marge : « Playdoyé faict par moy au conseil privé du roy, pour empescher que ses chantres n'eussent les distributions manuelles aux eglises desquelles ils sont chanoynes ; et est icy le faict particulier de l'eglise d'Amyans, qui a baillé loy aux aultres ». Premiers mots : « Le doyen, chanoynes et chapitre de l'eglise d'Amyens, pour les moyens de l'opposition qu'ils entendent former aux lettres patentes données à Fonteynebleau au mois d'apvril mil VC.LIII... » ; 7 « Articles du clergé de France sur la revocation de l'edict d'aliénation du revenu temporel de l'Eglise jusques à cent mil escuz de rente. Il plaire au roy decerner ses lettres patentes... ». Ces articles sont précédés du compte rendu de l'assemblée du clergé, réunie à Paris le 15 septembre 1563, qui les avait votées et avait maintenu dans leurs fonctions de syndics généraux Antoine Du Vivier et Nicolas Griveau ; 8 Déclaration du chapitre de Thérouanne, faisant savoir qu'il ne peut accorder la subvention demandée par le roi, et qu'au surplus il se conformera à la décision prise par l'évêque et le clergé d'Amiens ; 9 « Opposition formée par nous » ANTOINE DU VIVIER, chancelier de l'église et de l'Université de Paris, et NICOLAS GRIVEAU, doyen de l'église d'Amiens], « syndictz, contre l'edict » du 17 « janvier, donné à Sainct-Germain-en-Laye, l'an mil VC.LXI » ; 10 « Moyens et conditions pour faire revocquer l'edict d'alienation de cent mil escus de rente du temporel de l'Eglise » ; 11 « Remonstrance à messieurs de la court de parlement contre l'alienation du bien temporel de l'eglise gallicane ». 1561 ; 12 Mémoire « pour evidemment monstrer que l'eglise gallicane n'est subjecte aulx charges portées par l'edict du roy dernierement publié touchant les franczfiefz et nouveaulx acquestz » ; 13 Mandement imprimé de CHARLES, cardinal DE LORRAINE, archevêque de Reims, adressé aux fidèles de la province, à l'occasion des quatre-temps de la Noel. Sans date ; 14 Concile de Reims, en 1564 ; « Moyantz proposez par les deputez au concile tenu à Reims, pro cultu ecclesiarum ». 1564 ; « Articles mys en opinion au concile de Reins » ; « Icy sont declarez les moyantz pour l'interpretation des articles que j'ay portez au concile provintial de Reins pour le diocese d'Amyans » ; « Response à certains articles baillez par mons. le cardinal de Lorraynne » ; Compte rendu de l'assemblée tenue par le clergé du diocèse d'Amiens pour la nomination des députés à envoyer, le 26 novembre 1564, au concile de Reims, et pour la rédaction des instructions à leur donner ; Copie du mandement indiqué sous l'article 13 ; « Canons du concile provintial de Reins ». 1564 ; « Statuta ab illustrissimo principe et reverendissimo cardinali CAROLO LOTHARINGO, archiepiscopo duce Remensi... condita et promulgata in diocesana sua synodo, que Remis habita est, octavo die novembris anno 1564 ». Ces statuts reproduisent presque tous les canons du concile de Reims. On lit au-dessous du titre : « Ces statuz furent presentez en la congregation, pour les visiter et sçavoyr si aucungtz d'iceulx debvoyent estre changez ou refformez » ; « S'ensuyt ce que a esté fait au concile provintial assigné en la ville de Reins, au XXVIe novembre mil VCLXIIII... » ; 15 « Briefve relation du sieur de Tantalle, ministre de France, adressante aux ministres d'Allemagne, touchant ce qui s'est passé à Saumur le vingt neufiesme juin mil six cens unze ». C'est une « satire contre M. de Sully et les huguenots »

Production under glass : working conditions and class-consciousness of the Niagara greenhouse workers

This study applies a Marxist theoretical paradigm to examine the working conditions of greenhouse workers in the Niagara Region, and the range of factors that bear upon the formation of their class-consciousness. The Niagara greenhouse industry represents one of the most developed horticultural regions in Canada and plays a prominent role in the local economy. The industry generates substantial revenues and employs a significant number of people, yet the greenhouse workers are paid one of the lowest rates in the region. Being classified as agricultural workers, the greenhouse employees are exempted from many provisions of federal and provincial labour regulations. Under the current provincial statutes, agricultural workers in Ontario are denied the right to organize and bargain collectively. Except for a few technical and managerial positions, the greenhouse industry employs mostly low-skilled workers who are subjected to poor working conditions that stem from the employer's attempts to adapt to larger structural imperatives of the capitalist economy. While subjected to these poor working conditions, the greenhouse workers are also affected by objectively alienated social relations and by ruling class ideological domination and hegemony. These two sets of factors arise from the inherent conflict of interests between wage-labour and capital but also militate against the development of class-consciousness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 greenhouse workers to examine the role played by their material circumstances in the formulation of their social and political views as well as the extent to which they are aware of their class location and class interests. The hegemonic notions of 'common sense' acted as impediments to formation of classconsciousness. The greenhouse workers have virtually no opportunities to access alternative perspectives that would address the issues associated with exploitation in production and offer solutions leading to 'social justice'. Fonnidable challenges confront any organized political body seeking to improve the conditions of the working people.

Impact of different irrigation strategies on grapes and wine quality of four grapevine cultivars (Vitis sp.) in cool climate conditions. An investigation into the relationships among ABA, water status, grape cultivar and wine quality

Niagara Peninsula of Ontario is the largest viticultural area in Canada. Although it is considered to be a cool and wet region, in the last decade many water stress events occurred during the growing seasons with negative effects on grape and wine quality. This study was initiated to understand and develop the best strategies for water management in vineyards and those that might contribute to grape maturity advancement. The irrigation trials investigated the impact of time of initiation (fruit set, lag phase and veraison), water replacement level based on theoretical loss through crop evapotranspiration (ETc; 100,50 and 25%) and different irrigation strategies [partial root zone drying (PRD) versus regulated deficit irrigation (RD!)] on grape composition and wine sensory profiles. The irrigation experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard (Lambert Vineyards Inc.) located in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, from 2005 through 2009. The two experiments that tested the combination of different water regimes and irrigation time initiation were set up in a randomized block design as follows: Baco noir - three replicates x 10 treatments [(25%, 50% and 100% of ETc) x (initiation at fruit set, lag phase and veraison) + control]; Chardonnay - three replicates x seven treatments [(25%, 50% and 100% of ETc) x (initiation at fruit set and veraison) + control]. The experiments that tested different irrigation strategies were set up on two cultivars as follows: Sauvignon blanc - four replicates x four treatments [control, fully irrigated (100% ETc), PRD (100% ETc) and RDI (25% ETc)]; Cabemet Sauvignon - four replicates x five treatments [control, fully irrigated (100% ETc), PRD (100% ETc), RDI (50% ETc) and RDI (25% ETc)]. The controls in each experiment were nonirrigated. The irrigation treatments were compared for many variables related to soil water status, vine physiology, berry composition, wine sensory profile, and hormone composition [(abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites]. Soil moisture profile was mostly affected by irrigation treatments between 20 and 60 em depth depending on the grapevine cultivar and the regime of water applied. Overall soil moisture was consistently higher throughout the season in 100 and 50% ETc compare to the control. Transpiration rates and leaf temperature as well as shoot growth rate were the most sensitive variables to soil water status. Drip irrigation associated with RDI treatments (50% ETc and 25% ETc) had the most beneficial effects on vine physiology, fruit composition and wine varietal typicity, mainly by maintaining a balance between vegetative and reproductive parts of the vine. Neither the control nor the 100 ETc had overall a positive effect on grape composition and wine sensory typicity. The time of irrigation initiation affected the vine physiology and grape quality, the most positive effect was found in treatments initiated at lag phase and veraison. RDI treatments were overall more consistent in their positive effect on grape composition and wine varietal typicity comparing to PRD treatment. The greatest difference between non-irrigated and irrigated vines in most of the variables studied was found in 2007, the driest and hottest season of the experimental period. Soil water status had a greater and more consistent effect on red grapevine cultivars rather than on white winegrape cultivars. To understand the relationships among soil and plant water status, plant physiology and the hormonal profiles associated with it, abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolites [phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), 7-hydroxy-ABA (TOH-ABA), 8' -hydroxy-ABA, neophaseic acid and abscisic acid glucose ester (ABA-GE)] were analyzed in leaves and berries from the Baco noir and Chardonnay irrigation trials over two growing seasons. ABA and some of its catabolites accurately described the water status in the vines. Endogenous ABA and some of its catabolites were strongly affected in Baco noir and Chardonnay by both the water regime (i.e. ET level) and timing of irrigation initiation. Chardonnay grapevines produced less ABA in both leaves and berries compared to Baco noir, which indicated that ABA synthesis is also cultivar dependant. ABA-GE was the main catabolite in treatments with high water deficits, while PA and DPA were higher in treatments with high water status, suggesting that the vine produced more ABA-GE under water deficits to maintain rapid control of the stomata. These differences between irrigation treatments with respect to ABA and catabolites were particularly noticeable in the dry 2007 season. Two trials using exogenous ABA investigated the effect of different concentrations of ABA and organs targeted for spraying, on grape maturation and berry composition of Cabemet Sauvignon grapevines, in two cool and wet seasons (2008-2009). The fIrst experiment consisted of three replicates x three treatments [(150 and 300 mg/L, both applications only on clusters) + untreated control] while the second experiment consisted in three replicates x four treatments [(full canopy, only clusters, and only leaves sprayed with 300 ppm ABA) + untreated control]. Exogenous ABA was effective in hastening veraison, and improving the composition of Cabemet Sauvignon. Ability of ABA to control the timing of grape berry maturation was dependant on both solution concentration and the target organ. ABA affected not only fruit composition but also yield components. Berries treated with ABA had lower weight and higher skin dry mass, which constitutes qualitative aspects desired in the wine grapes. Temporal advancement of ripening through hormonal control can lead to earlier fruit maturation, which is a distinct advantage in cooler areas or areas with a high risk of early frost occurrence. Exogenous ABA could provide considerable benefits to wine industry in terms of grape composition, wine style and schedule activities in the winery, particularly in wet and cool years. These trials provide the ftrst comprehensive data in eastern North America on the response of important hybrid and Vitis vinifera winegrape cultivars to irrigation management. Results from this study additionally might be a forward step in understanding the ABA metabolism, and its relationship with water status. Future research should be focused on ftnding the ABA threshold required to trigger the ripening process, and how this process could be controlled in cool climates.

Depopulating the Political Sidelines: CBC News Online Forum and Public Spheres in Canada

The subject of the Internet's potential to foster a public sphere has become a growing area of research in the social sciences in the last two decades. My research explores comments made by participants on the CBC News online politics forum during the May 2011 federal election in Canada. Based on conditions proposed by Jurgen Habermas in his concept of the public sphere and operationalized by Lincoln Dahlberg in his pioneering study of the Minnesota e-Democracy listserv, my thesis explores the potential for the CBC News online forum to foster a public sphere for Canadians. While examining the CBC News online forum against the criteria of the public sphere, I also interrogate Habermas' concept of a universal public sphere using the works of Nancy Fraser and other scholars, who argue for multiple public spheres.

Agenda for the fifty-third annual meeting of the National Council of Women of Canada, 1946

The National Council of Women of Canada was founded in 1893 in Toronto to address the need for societal reform, such as better education for women and women’s suffrage. The first president was Lady Ishbel Aberdeen, the wife of the Governor General. The group’s early efforts focused on improving conditions for women prisoners, women working in factories, and women immigrants. The efforts of the Council also helped to achieve the passing of the Act to Confer the Electoral Franchise Upon Women in 1918. Members of the Council have advocated for the welfare of children, the family, the community, the environment and equal pay for work of equal value. The Council continues to be concerned with these issues, and presents an annual brief to the Prime Minister and Members of the Cabinet, as well as occasionally serving on special advisory committees.

Les déterminants du comporement des agents dans la demande du tabac à travers les provinces du Canada.

Rapport de recherche

Trade Creation, Trade Diversion and Investment Flows: Evidence from the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement.

Rapport de recherche

La structure de marché dans l'industrie brassicole au Canada.

Rapport de recherche

Un modèle de gravité pour le commerce Canada-Etats-Unis et les effets frontières: une approche dynamique appliquée sur les données de panel sur la période 1990-1999.

Rapport de recherche