USO DE MARCADORES TUMORALES COMO VALORES PREDICTIVOS DE MALIGNIDAD EN EL TUMOR VENEREO TRANSMISIBLE CANINO

Entre los tumores frecuentes en los caninos, se encuentra el denominado Tumor Venéreo Transmisible (TVT). El origen celular exacto del TVT no está claro, aunque estudios inmunohistoquímicos muestran las características de compatibilidad con células histiocíticas. En nuestra región se diagnostican con frecuencia aunque no se tienen datos precisos de su incidencia. El diagnóstico precoz es la mejor herramienta utilizada tanto en medicina veterinaria como humana para el control de tumores. El tumor puede ser muy agresivo localmente, rara vez metastiza. El manejo terapéutico no ha sido sencillo. Se han probado distintos tratamientos como cirugía, radioterapia, bioterapia y quimioterapia- La quimioterapia ha demostrado ser el tratamiento mas efectivo y la droga mas utilizada es el sulfato de vincristina, pero el tiempo del tratamiento hasta la remisión completa varía ampliamente entre individuos. Si bien existen estadificaciones clínicas y diagnósticos citológicos e histológicos que permiten establecer el grado de malignidad, los mismos tienen componentes subjetivos por su naturaleza cualitativa. Los marcadores tumorales se han utilizado especialmente en el establecimiento de un pronóstico acertado. Entre estos están las Regiones Organizadoras Nucleolares (NORs), que pueden colorearse con tinciones argénticas (AgNOR). dichas regiones corresponden a segmentos de cromosomas que contienen genes ribosomales. Por otro lado, existen marcadores de proliferación celular como el anticuerpo monoclonal Ki 67, el cual detecta un antígeno nuclear que se expresa en las células que entran al ciclo celular (fases G1, S, G2 y mitosis), proporcionando una medida directa de la fracción de crecimiento del tejido. El uso de estos marcadores fue eficiente en patología humana, mientras en veterinaria existen escasos reportes La mayoría de los marcadores se han usado sobre muestras histológicas, existiendo escasa información de su uso en muestras citológicas. Conocer el diagnóstico y el pronóstico del tumor relacionándolo con el tratamiento instaurado permitiría predecir las expectativas y calidad de vida del paciente. El contar en Medicina Veterinaria con una herramienta cuantitativa como son los marcadores tumorales que soporte las observaciones subjetivas que aporta el diagnóstico citomorfológico, podría contribuir a establecer de manera confiable el pronóstico del paciente con TVT, así como también definir el modelo terapéutico. Por esto sería importante la búsqueda de técnicas rápidas y seguras que permitan establecer pronósticos cada vez más precisos.

DISPOSITIVOS DE PROCESOS TENDIENTES A LA ARTICULACIÓN DE ORGANIZACIONES RESPONSABLES DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS ORIENTADAS AL DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE DE LA TRAMA PRODUCTIVA.

El papel preponderante de las entidades de microcrédito en el desarrollo social y económico local y regional, se vincula a que a través de sus servicios, se facilita la generación y consolidación de la trama productiva y de empleo. Con su impacto en terminos de la reduccion de la pobreza y la inclusión social. En Argentina, las entidades de microcrédito muestran dificultades a la hora de acompañar las politicas de desarrollo economico social productivo. Sus permanentes procesos de descapitalizacion muestran inconvenientes y problemas y dificultades para alcanzador los resultados planteados y sobre tod no han sido eficaces en acercar los fondos a su población objetivo, emprendedores con potencial de crecimiento. Creemos que dicho problema puede reducirse estableciendo criterios que posibiliten identificar aquellas actitudes y rasgos característicos del perfil emprendedor, así como los procesos de tomas de decisiones llevado por ellos adelante. Se contribuiría de esta manera a lograr una asignación más eficiente y eficaz de los recursos disminuyendo la probabilidad de morosidad. Sin embargo para identificar y caracterizar al individuo emprendedor, es necesario esclarecer a qué hace referencia dicho término e interpretarlo dentro de marcos teóricos adaptables al contexto local. También es necesario poder explicitar el proceso de toma de decisiones que adopta, alejándonos de los supuestos racionalistas del comportamiento. Ante la hipótesis planteada nuestro objetivo general es de contribuir al desarrollo de marcos explicativos y dispositivos para el campo del emprendedurismo que permitan viabilizar a las instituciones de microcrédito como instrumentos eficaces para el desarrollo económico y social. Específicamente: Comparar los perfiles de emprendedores que hacen posible iniciar, desarrollar y sostener un emprendimiento productivo apoyado por una entidad de micro crédito. Determinar las limitaciones de las organizaciones que trabajan en micro crédito. Delimitar los alcances de las variables psicológicas respecto a los perfiles emprendedores. Proponer un modelo de transferencia de tecnología financiera que permita reducir la morosidad y optimizar los mecanismos de asignación de créditos y construir dispositivos que faciliten la identificación de perfiles emprendedores en los solicitantes de crédito. Se aplicar el test de tendencias emprendedoras EAO. Los resultados, permitiran, estandarizar para Cordoba esta escala como instrumentos de detección de competencias emprendedoras y asociadamente morosidad. Y en una segunda etapa desarrolalr dispositivos y soportes para la toma de decisión de entidades e individuos, en red, que posibiliten estrategias para el sostenimiento de la trama empresarial , reducir la mora y aumentar la rotación al capital en las entidades. La importancia del proyecto radica en que indagará sobre las dimensiones motivacionales y las capacidades psico-sociales del emprendedor, asociadas a mayor o menor morosidad en el pago del micro crédito. Estos desarrollos permitiran la adaptacion del EAO en el contexto de Cordoba y su estandarizacion para la utilizacion del mismo por las organizaciones generadoras de posliticas publicas orientadas al sostenimiento de la red emprendedora. Aspira a generar e instalar un proceso innovador en red entre varias instituciones. De las cuales las centrales serán la FIDE , la dirección de micro emprendimientos y el sistema de ciencia y técnica. Para la asistencia técnica a los emprendedores incubados, que mediante el trabajo en red con la Dirección de Microemprendimientos del Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba facilitara el acceso al crédito de los incubandos, complementando a éstos recursos, con el potencial acceso, a través del asesoramiento de la FIDE, a programas de vinculación tecnológica que les proporcionen líneas de financiamiento para bienes de capital y asistencias técnicas especializadas.

Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Systolic Dysfunction: Clinical and Echocardiographic Outcomes

Background:Heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist in a deleterious cycle.Objective:To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction and AF treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation.Methods:Patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) <50%] and AF refractory to drug therapy underwent stepwise RF ablation in the same session with pulmonary vein isolation, ablation of AF nests and of residual atrial tachycardia, named "background tachycardia". Clinical (NYHA functional class) and echocardiographic (EF, left atrial diameter) data were compared (McNemar test and t test) before and after ablation.Results:31 patients (6 women, 25 men), aged 37 to 77 years (mean, 59.8±10.6), underwent RF ablation. The etiology was mainly idiopathic (19 p, 61%). During a mean follow-up of 20.3±17 months, 24 patients (77%) were in sinus rhythm, 11 (35%) being on amiodarone. Eight patients (26%) underwent more than one procedure (6 underwent 2 procedures, and 2 underwent 3 procedures). Significant NYHA functional class improvement was observed (pre-ablation: 2.23±0.56; postablation: 1.13±0.35; p<0.0001). The echocardiographic outcome also showed significant ventricular function improvement (EF pre: 44.68%±6.02%, post: 59%±13.2%, p=0.0005) and a significant left atrial diameter reduction (pre: 46.61±7.3 mm; post: 43.59±6.6 mm; p=0.026). No major complications occurred.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that AF ablation in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction is a safe and highly effective procedure. Arrhythmia control has a great impact on ventricular function recovery and functional class improvement.

Levantamento populacional do cervo-do-pantanal Blastocerus dichotomus (Mammalia, Cervidae) no Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e entorno: implicações para a conservação

Nós conduzimos um levantamento populacional aéreo do cervo-do-pantanal, Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815), no Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e seu entorno, entre os estados do Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, na estação seca. Utilizamos a técnica da contagem dupla, e a população foi estimada em 1.079 ± 207 cervos em uma área amostral de 1.081 km², corresponde a uma densidade de 0,998 ± 0,192 ind/km². A população mostrou-se mais concentrada no interior do parque, ocupando também várzeas alteradas fora dos limites do parque. Estes resultados devem subsidiar medidas de manejo e conservação da população no parque nacional e seu entorno, devido à enorme pressão antrópica sobre a população de cervos na região.

Involvement of regional lymph nodes after penetration of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in naive and infected mice

The parotid lymph nodes of naive and previously infected Balb/c mice were studied after, respectively, infection and re-infection with cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni via the ears. Schistosomula were able to pass through the lymph node by following the lymph flow or by penetrating the veins of the medullary cords. The number of nodal mast cells was higher from day 2 to 6 of primary infection; and from day 5 to 11 of re-infection. The amount of degranulating mast cells was significantly higher at day 4 of infection and at day 1 of re-infection. Eosinophils characterized the nodal inflammatory processes observed after day 5 in both primarily-infected and re-infected mice. However, only in the latter the eosinophils were able to adhere to the larval surface. In primarily-infected mice, no intranodal larva presented signs of degeneration. In contrast, in re-infected animals, some degenerating larvae were found inside eosinophilic infiltrates. The eosinophils reached the nodal tissue by migrating through the high endothelial venules and their collecting veins.

Desenvolupament d'un gestor de trobades, reunions i convocatòries usant la plataforma WAC

Anàlisi, disseny, implementació i documentació d'una aplicació per a dispositius mòbils utilitzant la plataforma WAC.

Desenvolupament d'un Controlador de Processos de Llarga Durada mitjançant tecnologia J2EE

El projecte final de carrera objectiu del present document, inclou l'anàlisi, disseny, implementació i documentació d'una aplicació mitjançant tecnologia J2EE la finalitat de la qual és la gestió dels processos o tasques de llarga durada que formen part dels fluxos de negoci de moltes organitzacions.

Anti-HSV-1 and anti-HIV-1 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate

The synthetic n-alkyl esters of gallic acid (GA), also known as gallates, especially propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, are widely employed as antioxidants by food and pharmaceutical industries. The inhibitory effects of GA and 15 gallates on Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) replication were investigated here. After a preliminary screening of these compounds, GA and pentyl gallate (PG) seemed to be the most active compounds against HSV-1 replication and their mode of action was characterized through a set of assays, which attempted to localize the step of the viral multiplication cycle where impairment occurred. The detected anti-HSV-1 activity was mediated by the inhibition of virus attachment to and penetration into cells, and by virucidal properties. Furthermore, an anti-HIV-1 activity was also found, to different degrees. In summary, our results suggest that both compounds could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HSV-1 agents, and further studies concerning the anti-HIV-1 activity of this group of molecules are merited.

Association between IL-18 gene polymorphisms and biopsy-proven giant cell

INTRODUCTION: The objective was to investigate the potential implication of the IL18 gene promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility to giant-cell arteritis GCA). METHODS: In total, 212 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven GCA were included in this study. DNA from patients and matched controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the IL18-137 G>C (rs187238), the IL18-607 C>A (rs1946518), and the IL18-1297 T>C (rs360719) gene polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction, by using a predesigned TaqMan allele discrimination assay. RESULTS: No significant association between the IL18-137 G>C polymorphism and GCA was found. However, the IL18 -607 allele A was significantly increased in GCA patients compared with controls (47.8% versus 40.9% in patients and controls respectively; P = 0.02; OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.69). It was due to an increased frequency of homozygosity for the IL18 -607 A/A genotype in patients with GCA (20.4%) compared with controls (13.4%) (IL18 -607 A/A versus IL18 -607 A/C plus IL18 -607 C/C genotypes: P = 0.04; OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.46). Also, the IL18-1297 allele C was significantly increased in GCA patients (30.7%) compared with controls (23.0%) (P = 0.003; OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.95). In this regard, an increased susceptibility to GCA was observed in individuals carrying the IL18-1297 C/C or the IL18-1297 C/T genotypes compared with those carrying the IL18-1297 T/T genotype (IL18-1297 C/C plus IL18-1297 T/C versus IL18-1297 T/T genotype in GCA patients compared with controls: P = 0.005; OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.25). We also found an additive effect of the IL18 -1297 and -607 polymorphisms with TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism. The OR for GCA was 1.95 for combinations of genotypes with one or two risk alleles, whereas carriers of three or more risk alleles have an OR of 3.7. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show for the first time an implication of IL18 gene-promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility to biopsy-proven GCA. In addition, an additive effect between the associated IL18 and TLR4 genetic variants was observed.

Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza.

INTRODUCTION Human host immune response following infection with the new variant of A/H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (nvH1N1) is poorly understood. We utilize here systemic cytokine and antibody levels in evaluating differences in early immune response in both mild and severe patients infected with nvH1N1. METHODS We profiled 29 cytokines and chemokines and evaluated the haemagglutination inhibition activity as quantitative and qualitative measurements of host immune responses in serum obtained during the first five days after symptoms onset, in two cohorts of nvH1N1 infected patients. Severe patients required hospitalization (n = 20), due to respiratory insufficiency (10 of them were admitted to the intensive care unit), while mild patients had exclusively flu-like symptoms (n = 15). A group of healthy donors was included as control (n = 15). Differences in levels of mediators between groups were assessed by using the non parametric U-Mann Whitney test. Association between variables was determined by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient. Viral load was performed in serum by using real-time PCR targeting the neuraminidase gene. RESULTS Increased levels of innate-immunity mediators (IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1beta), and the absence of anti-nvH1N1 antibodies, characterized the early response to nvH1N1 infection in both hospitalized and mild patients. High systemic levels of type-II interferon (IFN-gamma) and also of a group of mediators involved in the development of T-helper 17 (IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-6) and T-helper 1 (TNF-alpha, IL-15, IL-12p70) responses were exclusively found in hospitalized patients. IL-15, IL-12p70, IL-6 constituted a hallmark of critical illness in our study. A significant inverse association was found between IL-6, IL-8 and PaO2 in critical patients. CONCLUSIONS While infection with the nvH1N1 induces a typical innate response in both mild and severe patients, severe disease with respiratory involvement is characterized by early secretion of Th17 and Th1 cytokines usually associated with cell mediated immunity but also commonly linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. The exact role of Th1 and Th17 mediators in the evolution of nvH1N1 mild and severe disease merits further investigation as to the detrimental or beneficial role these cytokines play in severe illness.

Gestió d'informes d'arrelament

L'objectiu d'aquest document és descriure la metodologia, anàlisi, planificació, objectius, procediments, preses de decisions, disseny tècnic i costos relacionats amb la construcció d'una aplicació web en un entorn de col·laboració, que faciliti la gestió d'informes d'arrelament.

Pseudascarophis brasiliensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) parasitic in the Bermuda chub Kyphosus sectatrix (Perciformes: Kyphosidae) from southeastern Brazil

A new species of Pseudascarophis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) found in the stomach of Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus) (Kyphosidae), off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described. The new species can be differentiated from the other congeners by the presence of lateral alae, distinct but inconspicuous cephalic papillae at the anterior end, three pairs of precloacal and one pair of adcloacal papillae in males, egg morphology and morphometry of glandular oesophagus and spicules. Pseudascarophis tropica is transferred to Ascarophis as Ascarophis tropica (Solov'eva) comb. n. due to its ambiguous diagnosis.

X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans).

BACKGROUND: Due to its history, with a high number of migration events, the Mediterranean basin represents a challenging area for population genetic studies. A large number of genetic studies have been carried out in the Mediterranean area using different markers but no consensus has been reached on the genetic landscape of the Mediterranean populations. In order to further investigate the genetics of the human Mediterranean populations, we typed 894 individuals from 11 Mediterranean populations with 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the X-chromosome. RESULTS: A high overall homogeneity was found among the Mediterranean populations except for the population from Morocco, which seemed to differ genetically from the rest of the populations in the Mediterranean area. A very low genetic distance was found between populations in the Middle East and most of the western part of the Mediterranean Sea.A higher migration rate in females versus males was observed by comparing data from X-chromosome, mt-DNA and Y-chromosome SNPs both in the Mediterranean and a wider geographic area.Multilocus association was observed among the 25 SNPs on the X-chromosome in the populations from Ibiza and Cosenza. CONCLUSION: Our results support both the hypothesis of (1) a reduced impact of the Neolithic Wave and more recent migration movements in NW-Africa, and (2) the importance of the Strait of Gibraltar as a geographic barrier. In contrast, the high genetic homogeneity observed in the Mediterranean area could be interpreted as the result of the Neolithic wave caused by a large demic diffusion and/or more recent migration events. A differentiated contribution of males and females to the genetic landscape of the Mediterranean area was observed with a higher migration rate in females than in males. A certain level of background linkage disequilibrium in populations in Ibiza and Cosenza could be attributed to their demographic background.

Assessment of distribution and evolution of mechanical dyssynchrony in a porcine model of myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the relationship between infarct and dyssynchrony post- myocardial infarct (MI), in a porcine model. Mechanical dyssynchrony post-MI is associated with left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increased mortality. METHODS: Cine, gadolinium-contrast, and tagged cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed pre-MI, 9 ± 2 days (early post-MI), and 33 ± 10 days (late post-MI) post-MI in 6 pigs to characterize cardiac morphology, location and extent of MI, and regional mechanics. LV mechanics were assessed by circumferential strain (eC). Electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) was performed within 24 hrs of CMR and prior to sacrifice. RESULTS: Mean infarct size was 21 ± 4% of LV volume with evidence of post-MI remodeling. Global eC significantly decreased post MI (-27 ± 1.6% vs. -18 ± 2.5% (early) and -17 ± 2.7% (late), p < 0.0001) with no significant change in peri-MI and MI segments between early and late time-points. Time to peak strain (TTP) was significantly longer in MI, compared to normal and peri-MI segments, both early (440 ± 40 ms vs. 329 ± 40 ms and 332 ± 36 ms, respectively; p = 0.0002) and late post-MI (442 ± 63 ms vs. 321 ± 40 ms and 355 ± 61 ms, respectively; p = 0.012). The standard deviation of TTP in 16 segments (SD16) significantly increased post-MI: 28 ± 7 ms to 50 ± 10 ms (early, p = 0.012) to 54 ± 19 ms (late, p = 0.004), with no change between early and late post-MI time-points (p = 0.56). TTP was not related to reduction of segmental contractility. EAM revealed late electrical activation and greatly diminished conduction velocity in the infarct (5.7 ± 2.4 cm/s), when compared to peri-infarct (18.7 ± 10.3 cm/s) and remote myocardium (39 ± 20.5 cm/s). CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical dyssynchrony occurs early after MI and is the result of delayed electrical and mechanical activation in the infarct.