Microbe Hunters Revisited – Paul de Kruif and the Beginning of Popular Science Writing

Paul de Kruif is credited with being one of the first popular science writers for the general public. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1916 and worked at the Rockefeller Institute under Simon Flexner. After being fired in 1922 for publishing a scathing article on medical research, de Kruif caught the attention of Sinclair Lewis, who used his scientific background to write his Pulitzer Prize winning novel, Arrowsmith. In 1926, de Kruif published Microbe Hunters which recounted the exploits and discoveries of 14 renowned microbiologists from von Leeuwenhoek to Pasteur, Ross, Paul Ehrlich and Walter Reed. Microbe Hunters became a best seller, was translated into 18 languages, and formed the basis of two Hollywood movies, "Yellow Jack" and "The Magic Bullet." Generations of young readers were captivated by the vivid protrayal of these men and their discoveries.

El papel de la enfermería en el desarrollo de la salud pública española (1923-1935): la visitadora sanitaria

Se analiza el proceso de institucionalización de la enfermería de salud pública en España durante el periodo 1923-35. En primer lugar, se estudian los programas de socialización en el marco de las Escuelas Nacionales de Puericultura (1926) y de Sanidad (1933), así como el convenio de formación de postgrado en el extranjero firmado con la Fundación Rockefeller (1931). A continuación se examinan tanto las actividades profesionales que llevaron a cabo, como los esfuerzos de organización del colectivo que se concretaron en la creación de la Asociación Profesional de Enfermeras Visitadoras en 1934. Los resultados muestran el proceso de definición sociológica que llegó a alcanzar la actividad profesional de la visitadora sanitaria, como sector especializado de la enfermería, así como su influencia en la mejora del nivel de la salud pública española.

La Escuela Nacional de Sanidad

Desde su creación en 1924, la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad ha sufrido una evolución permanente, con altibajos, hasta conformar lo que actualmente representa. Constituida gracias a la colaboración entre España y la Fundación Rockefeller, una de las instituciones que más contribuyó al desarrollo de la salud pública durante el período de entreguerras, la Escuela Nacional de Sanidad vivió sus mejores momentos en la década de 1930, con la incorporación de profesionales de reconocido prestigio en el campo de la salud pública y áreas afines.

Seeding a Profession: The Intersection of the State, International Interests, and the Early Development of Brazilian Nursing

State and international entities can have profound effects on the development of a country’s nursing profession. Through a global health governance lens, this paper explores the development of nursing in Brazil during the early twentieth century, and its intersections with national and international interests. Accordingly, we will show how state policies established an environment that fostered the institutionalization of nursing as a profession in Brazil and supported it as a means to increase the presence of females in nation building processes. The State focused on recruiting elite women for nursing, in part due to the Rockefeller Foundation’s involvement in the country. Nurses who worked for Rockefeller came from well-educated classes within US society with specific ideas about who should be a nurse and the roles of nurses in a healthcare system. These women served as the primary vehicles for interacting with Brazilian health authorities responsible for health system development. Their early efforts did not, however, ensure a system capable of producing nursing human resources at a rate that, in present day Brazil, could meet the health needs of the country. Findings from this paper offer new avenues for historians to explore the early roots of professional nursing through a global health governance lens, improve the understanding of the intersection between international politics and professionalization, and highlight how these factors may impact nursing human resources production in the long term.

[Deed between William Porter and Oliver Hildrith], 1808 March 31

Printed land deed between grantor William Porter, a brick-layer, and grantee Oliver Hildrith, a cordwainer, for a lot of land on Winsor street in Cambridge.

Deed of sale, 1705 April 11

Handwritten deed between grantors Samuel Champney, Daniel Champney, and Joseph Champney and grantee Andrew Bordman for Cambridge property bordering land owned by Harvard College.

Deed of sale, 1707 November 19

Handwritten deed between grantor William Brattle and grantee Andrew Bordman for Cambridge property bordering the highway leading to Watertown. The deed is also signed by Elizabeth Brattle.

Deed of sale, 1709/10 March 15

Handwritten deed between grantor Samuel Gookin and grantee Andrew Bordman for property in Cambridge Neck. The deed is also signed by Hannah Gookin. The red wax seals of Gookin and Bordman are still visible on the document.

Deed of sale, 1712 April 4

Handwritten deed between grantor Benjamin Goddard and grantee Andrew Bordman for Cambridge property known as Black Island. The deed is also signed by Martha Goddard.

Deed of sale, 1721 April 8

Handwritten deed between grantor Benjamin Holmes of Salem and grantee Andrew Bordman for Cambridge property bordered by the cow commons.

Deed of sale, 1723 August 10

Deed between grantor John Hastings and grantee Andrew Bordman for the second lot in the second division on "Cambridge Rocks."

Deed of sale, 1723 August 10

Deed between grantor John Hastings and grantee Andrew Bordman for nine acres of property on "Cambridge Rocks."

Deed of sale, 1723 15 November

Deed between grantor Edward Marrit and grantee Andrew Bordman for property on "Cambridge Rocks."

Deed of sale, 1724 April 20

Deed between grantor John Bradish and grantee Andrew Bordman for property bordering the Cambridge Commons. The deed is also signed by Hephzibah Bradish.

Deed of sale, 1724 April 20

Deed between grantor Jonathan Wyeth and grantee Andrew Bordman for Cambridge property bordering the highway leading into Westfield. The deed also includes the mark of Hephzibah Wyeth.