Obesidade nos pacientes maiores de 15 anos no Programa da Saúde da Família do município de Santa Rita do Sapucaí

O Trabalho de conclusão de curso apresentado ao Curso de Especialização em Atenção Básica em Saúde da Família da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, teve como objetivo elaborar um projeto de intervenção a fim de diminuir a Incidência de Obesidade na população adulta do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) 2 do município de Santa Rita do Sapucai.Usando o método de planejamento estratégico situacional, identificou-se os nos críticos, elaborou-se operações, identificou-se os recursos críticos, analisou-se a viabilidade do plano e elaborou-se um plano de intervenção.

Uso abusivo de benzodiazepínicos na área atendida pela equipe de Saúde da Família João Paulo II, em São Bento de Caldas, município de Santa Rita de Caldas, Minas Gerais: plano de intervenção

O objetivo deste estudo foi propor um plano de intervenção que atue diretamente na comunidade de São Bento de Caldas, município de Santa Rita de Caldas, Minas Gerais, para reduzir o uso abusivo de benzodiazepínicos . Esta comunidade é sob responsabilidade da equipe de Saúde da Família João Paulo II. Com a pesquisa e levantamento dos dados foi verificado que a comunidade de São Bento atualmente está com 20% a mais que a média nacional para o uso de benzodiazepínicos. É apresentada revisão bibliográfica, com base na análise de vários artigos científicos e dados obtidos de observações diárias nos atendimentos na Unidade Básica de Saúde. Utilizaram-se, como palavras-chave: estratégia saúde da família, saúde mental, antidepressivos e distúrbios relacionados ao uso de benzodiazepínicos. O plano de intervenção sobre o problema prioritário focou a atuação em três causas a ele relativas, denominadas nós críticos, na metodologia utilizada, o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES): aumentar o nível de informação da população sobre medicamentos e práticas não medicamentosas para boa qualidade de saúde mental; melhorar o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde e da atenção às pessoas com problemas na área de saúde mental e melhorar o nível de conhecimento da equipe de Saúde da Família sobre uso de medicamentos, riscos, efeitos colaterais e alternativas relacionadas a estilo de vida. Através do Plano de ação, foi utilizado o método de estimativa rápida, no qual a equipe colheu dados, por informações contidas nos prontuários e busca ativa na área; sobre o uso de tais medicações, sua dosagem, quem prescreveu, qual o motivo do início da prescrição, quanto tempo o paciente faz uso da medicação e há quanto tempo ele não tem acompanhamento sobre a patologia que desencadeou o uso. Estes dados foram comparados com estudos e dados do Ministério da Saúde sobre o tema e observou-se que os benzodiazepínicos são responsáveis por cerca de 50% de toda a prescrição de psicotrópicos. Na comunidade essa média sobe para 70% e das oito micro áreas, duas contam com incríveis 80% de média. Atualmente, um em cada 10 pacientes recebe prescrições de benzodiazepínicos e no município esse número sobe para um e meio (levando-se em conta a grande base da pirâmide etária). Cerca de 70% dos prontuários está incorretamente sendo preenchido quanto à dispensa dessa medicação. Conclusão: faz-se necessário uma intervenção na aplicação antiquada usada atualmente na prescrição e acompanhamento do paciente para uma abordagem mais assertiva e atualizada visando uma melhor resposta ao tratamento, com as ações formativas, tanto da equipe de saúde quanto do paciente

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica: proposta de intervenção na Estratégia Saúde da Família Santa Rita II em Governador Valadares

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS), constitui na atualidade um grave problema de saúde pública e um dos principais fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Os profissionais da rede de atenção básica tem fundamental importância em desenvolver estratégias de controle da doença, seja na conduta diagnóstica ou terapêutica da hipertensão arterial. Este projeto de intervenção tem como foco abordar a HAS, bem como as dificuldades de adesão ao tratamento, partindo da realidade encontrada através do diagnóstico em saúde da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) Santa Rita II em Governador Valadares. O objetivo do projeto foi elaborar um projeto de intervenção para proporcionar melhor adesão do usuário hipertenso ao tratamento. O método utilizado foi o Planejamento Estratégico em Saúde (PES), que busca identificar os problemas na unidade, explicar, buscar os nós críticos para o enfrentamento do mesmo e por fim elaborar o plano de ação. Este projeto só se torna possível uma vez que o método propicia atuar numa realidade com foco no problema e proporcionando promoção em saúde

Prevenção das complicações da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na área de abrangência da equipe de saúde da família Santa Rita de Cássias no município de Liberdade - Minas Gerais

O estado de saúde da população brasileira é caracterizado por uma alta prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis dominando o quadro epidemiológico do país, onde a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica representa um grave problema de saúde pública por sua magnitude, presenteando uma alta morbi-mortalidade, elevado custo econômico, e o principal fator de risco para complicações como os acidentes vasculares cerebrais, doenças cardiovasculares e insuficiência renal crônica. Na Atenção Primária de Saúde existe uma alta prevalência e baixas taxas de controle dos pacientes hipertensos e precisam-se realizar maiores ações de saúde, dirigidas a elevar o conhecimento da população sobre a doença e como seu bom controle influi na prevenção das complicações. O objetivo deste projeto é elaborar um plano de ação para aumentar o controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na área de abrangência da unidade de saúde da família numero 2 "Santa Rita de Cássias", no município Liberdade, Minas Gerais. A metodologia utilizada está baseada no método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, executando-se o diagnóstico situacional, a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e a elaboração da proposta do plano de ação para o acompanhamento nas ações de saúde para o aumento do controle da hipertensão na área de abrangência. Serão desenvolvidas várias ações de saúde destinadas, primeiramente, a mensurar o nível de conhecimentos dos pacientes hipertensos sobre sua doença, orientações sanitárias dirigidas a elevar este conhecimento e posteriormente, através de visitas domiciliares e consultas médicas, avaliar o mesmo e o controle das cifras pressóricas. Este projeto contribuirá com a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com hipertensão, por adquirirem um maior conhecimento de sua doença, facilitando um adequado controle e estimulando a realização de mudanças em seus modo e estilos de vida.

Profile Of The Use Of Disease Modifying Drugs In The Brazilian Registry Of Spondyloarthritides.

Few studies have evaluated the profile of use of disease modifying drugs (DMD) in Brazilian patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). A common research protocol was applied prospectively in 1505 patients classified as SpA by criteria of the European Spondyloarthropathies Study Group (ESSG), followed at 29 referral centers in Rheumatology in Brazil. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained and evaluated, by analyzing their correlation with the use of DMDs methotrexate (MTX) and sulfasalazine (SSZ). At least one DMD was used by 73.6% of patients: MTX by 29.2% and SSZ by 21.7%, while 22.7% used both drugs. The use of MTX was significantly associated with peripheral involvement, and SSZ was associated with axial involvement, and the two drugs were more administered, separately or in combination, in the mixed involvement (p < 0.001). The use of a DMD was significantly associated with Caucasian ethnicity (MTX , p = 0.014), inflammatory back pain (SSZ, p = 0.002) , buttock pain (SSZ, p = 0.030), neck pain (MTX, p = 0.042), arthritis of the lower limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), arthritis of the upper limbs (MTX, p < 0.001), enthesitis (p = 0.007), dactylitis (MTX, p < 0.001), inflammatory bowel disease (SSZ, p < 0.001) and nail involvement (MTX, p < 0.001). The use of at least one DMD was reported by more than 70% of patients in a large cohort of Brazilian patients with SpA, with MTX use more associated with peripheral involvement and the use of SSZ more associated with axial involvement.

Neuromuscular Activity Of Bothrops Fonsecai Snake Venom In Vertebrate Preparations.

The neuromuscular activity of venom from Bothrops fonsecai, a lancehead endemic to southeastern Brazil, was investigated. Chick biventer cervicis (CBC) and mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations were used for myographic recordings and mouse diaphragm muscle was used for membrane resting potential (RP) and miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) recordings. Creatine kinase release and muscle damage were also assessed. In CBC, venom (40, 80 and 160μg/ml) produced concentration- and time-dependent neuromuscular blockade (50% blockade in 85±9 min and 73±8 min with 80 and 160μg/ml, respectively) and attenuated the contractures to 110μM ACh (78-100% inhibition) and 40mM KCl (45-90% inhibition). The venom-induced decrease in twitch-tension in curarized, directly-stimulated preparations was similar to that in indirectly stimulated preparations. Venom (100 and 200μg/ml) also caused blockade in PND preparations (50% blockade in 94±13 min and 49±8 min with 100 and 200μg/ml, respectively) but did not alter the RP or MEPP amplitude. In CBC, venom caused creatine kinase release and myonecrosis. The venom-induced decrease in twitch-tension and in the contractures to ACh and K(+) were abolished by preincubating venom with commercial antivenom. These findings indicate that Bothrops fonsecai venom interferes with neuromuscular transmission essentially through postsynaptic muscle damage that affects responses to ACh and KCl. These actions are effectively prevented by commercial antivenom.

Gastrointestinal Involvement In Lipoid Proteinosis: A Ten-year Follow-up Of A Brazilian Female Patient.

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of hyaline material in the skin and internal organs. The main clinical features are hoarseness and typical skin lesions. In this report we describe the endoscopic and radiologic findings in a Brazilian female patient presenting extensive gastrointestinal involvement and the evolution of the detected lesions in ten years of follow-up. Initial upper endoscopy and colonoscopy showed a similar pattern of multiple yellowish nodules throughout the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and colons. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoid proteinosis. In addition, small bowel follow through demonstrated numerous well defined, round, small filling defects throughout the jejunum. Ten years later, the esophageal lesions remained the same, but none of the previous alterations were detected in the stomach, duodenum, and colons. In conclusion, lipoid proteinosis may affect all gastrointestinal organs with the same pattern of macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Some lesions may regress with increasing age.

Optical And Nonoptical Aids For Reading And Writing In Individuals With Acquired Low Vision.

To evaluate the use of optical and nonoptical aids during reading and writing activities in individuals with acquired low vision. This study was performed using descriptive and cross-sectional surveys. The data collection instrument was created with structured questions that were developed from an exploratory study and a previous test based on interviews, and it evaluated the following variables: personal characteristics, use of optical and nonoptical aids, and activities that required the use of optical and nonoptical aids. The study population included 30 subjects with acquired low vision and visual acuities of 20/200-20/400. Most subjects reported the use of some optical aids (60.0%). Of these 60.0%, the majority (83.3%) cited spectacles as the most widely used optical aid. The majority (63.3%) of subjects also reported the use of nonoptical aids, the most frequent ones being letter magnification (68.4%), followed by bringing the objects closer to the eyes (57.8%). Subjects often used more than one nonoptical aid. The majority of participants reported the use of optical and nonoptical aids during reading activities, highlighting the use of spectacles, magnifying glasses, and letter magnification; however, even after the use of these aids, we found that the subjects often needed to read the text more than once to understand it. During writing activities, all subjects reported the use of optical aids, while most stated that they did not use nonoptical aids for such activities.

Hypothermia And Early Neonatal Mortality In Preterm Infants.

To evaluate intervention practices associated with hypothermia at both 5 minutes after birth and at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and to determine whether hypothermia at NICU admission is associated with early neonatal death in preterm infants. This prospective cohort included 1764 inborn neonates of 22-33 weeks without malformations admitted to 9 university NICUs from August 2010 through April 2012. All centers followed neonatal International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommendations for the stabilization and resuscitation in the delivery room (DR). Variables associated with hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.0 °C) 5 minutes after birth and at NICU admission, as well as those associated with early death, were analyzed by logistic regression. Hypothermia 5 minutes after birth and at NICU admission was noted in 44% and 51%, respectively, with 6% of early neonatal deaths. Adjusted for confounding variables, practices associated with hypothermia at 5 minutes after birth were DR temperature <25 °C (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.67-2.28), maternal temperature at delivery <36.0 °C (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.49-2.51), and use of plastic bag/wrap (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.70). The variables associated with hypothermia at NICU admission were DR temperature <25 °C (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10-1.88), respiratory support with cold air in the DR (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.88) and during transport to NICU (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.13), and cap use (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.78). Hypothermia at NICU admission increased the chance of early neonatal death by 1.64-fold (95% CI 1.03-2.61). Simple interventions, such as maintaining DR temperature >25 °C, reducing maternal hypothermia prior to delivery, providing plastic bags/wraps and caps for the newly born infants, and using warm resuscitation gases, may decrease hypothermia at NICU admission and improve early neonatal survival.

Chikungunya In Brazil: An Emerging Challenge.

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Leguminosae, Papilionoideae no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brasil. II: árvores e arbustos escandentes

This work is a floristic survey of arboreous and climbing shrub taxa of Papilionoideae in a semideciduos forest at Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, eastern Minas Gerais State. Field work was carried out from April/1998 to May/1999, when montly visits were conducted to collect botanical material along trails and of the main road. The floristic survey resulted in 22 taxa belonging to eight genera. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations and comments on the analyzed taxa are presented.

Unusual branching in the palm Euterpe edulis Mart

The unusual development of branches along the stem of Euterpe edulis is described for the first time. Branches originated at 2 to 190 cm from the ground. Ramified individuals and branches were able to produce reproductive structures and some branches produced roots. A plausible cause for the observed anomaly could be genetic problems due to small population sizes. The better agreement of this process can have a positive effect in the harvest of the heart of palm through the artificial induction of sprouts, what would prevent the death of the individual.

Association of insulin resistance and GLP-2 secretion in obesity: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this pilot study was to determine whether glugagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) secretion relates to insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty four obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) 40.0 ± 3.0 kg/m² (mean ± standard deviation)] were included, nine of which were male, age 43 ± 8 years. Twelve subjects had type 2 diabetes, all treated with oral anti-diabetic agents only. The subjects were submitted to standard meal tolerance test (MTT) for dosage of the curves: glucose, insulin, and GLP-2. Insulin sensitivity was measured by HOMA-IR, and OGIS was derived from the MTT. Spearman linear correlations and partial correlations were obtained. RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between the GLP-2 secretion and IS: HOMA-IR correlated with GLP-2 AUC (R = 0.504; p = 0.012), and OGIS correlated with GLP-2 incremental AUC (R = -0.54; p = 0.054). The correlation persisted after controlling for BMI. CONCLUSION: We found an association of GLP-2 secretion and insulin resistance (IR). The understanding of the underlying mechanisms may provide future directions in the pharmacological manipulation of incretins, and in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

O aluno portador de visão subnormal na escola regular: desafio para o professor?

Purpose:1) To check self-knowledge and needs for orientation among regular class teachers working with low vision students; 2) To gather information to assist the training on visual deficiency of regular class teachers. Methods: A survey was conducted for the academic year of 1999 among those teachers working in public schools, Campinas/SP/Brazil, of which 11 were municipal and 9 state schools, respectively 79.0% and 90.0% of these schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. Results: The sample was composed of 50 teachers with a regular class experience averaging 20 years. Most of them, 94.0%, said that they had no specific preparation in the area of low vision. Only 18 teachers declared to have received some kind of information/orientation in order to work with their low vision students and of those only 15 teachers mentioned the kind of orientation received. The whole group of 50 declared interest in receiving information. From the information/orientation requested 66.0% mentioned extended working class materials, 50.0% visual performance and eye disease of their students and 46.0% visual acuity/visual field. Conclusion: It was detected that teachers of regular classes received none or little information about their low vision students but demonstrated interest in its obtention. It was also shown that those teachers are not prepared to work with visually impaired children.

Prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and school children of Ibiporã - PR, Brazil (1989 to 1996)

Purpose: To establish the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular disorders in preschool and schoolchildren of Ibiporã, Brazil. Methods: A survey of 6 to 12-year-old children from public and private elementary schools was carried out in Ibiporã between 1989 and 1996. Visual acuity measurements were performed by trained teachers using Snellen's chart. Children with visual acuity <0.7 in at least one eye were referred to a complete ophthalmologic examination. Results: 35,936 visual acuity measurements were performed in 13,471 children. 1.966 children (14.59%) were referred to an ophthalmologic examination. Amblyopia was diagnosed in 237 children (1.76%), whereas strabismus was observed in 114 cases (0.84%). Cataract (n=17) (0.12%), chorioretinitis (n=38) (0.28%) and eyelid ptosis (n=6) (0.04%) were also diagnosed. Among the 614 (4.55%) children who were found to have refractive errors, 284 (46.25%) had hyperopia (hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism), 206 (33.55%) had myopia (myopia or myopic astigmatism) and 124 (20.19%) showed mixed astigmatism. Conclusions: The study determined the local prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors and eye disorders among preschool and schoolchildren.