Rethinking the Index. Einige Bemerkungen zur Rezeption von Ed Ruschas Fotoarbeiten in Relation zum fotografischen Index-Begriff

In der gegenwärtigen Revision konzeptueller Fotostrategien fallen besonders die nivellierenden Effekte der Historisierung auf. Dabei werden problematischerweise auch historisch spezifische Praktiken aus ihrem Kontext isoliert und in einen kunsthistorischen Kanon homogenisiert. Es kann gefragt werden, ob die bewusst amateurhaften Fotografien, die der Maler Ed Ruscha seit den frühen 1960er Jahren in selbst herausgegebenen Büchern publizierte, generell im Kontext der Fotografie gelesen werden sollten, die erst später als Kunstform Anerkennung fand. Auch wird die auf Ruschas Beispiel von der Rezeption applizierte Theorie des fotokünstlerischen Index’ nach Rosalind Krauss einer kritischen Lektüre unterzogen.

Rethinking the Index. Einige Bemerkungen zur Rezeption von Ed Ruschas Fotoarbeiten in Relation zum fotografischen Index-Begriff

In der gegenwärtigen Revision konzeptueller Fotostrategien fallen besonders die nivellierenden Effekte der Historisierung auf. Dabei werden problematischerweise auch historisch spezifische Praktiken aus ihrem Kontext isoliert und in einen kunsthistorischen Kanon homogenisiert. Es kann gefragt werden, ob die bewusst amateurhaften Fotografien, die der Maler Ed Ruscha seit den frühen 1960er Jahren in selbst herausgegebenen Büchern publizierte, generell im Kontext der Fotografie gelesen werden sollten, die erst später als Kunstform Anerkennung fand. Auch wird die auf Ruschas Beispiel von der Rezeption applizierte Theorie des fotokünstlerischen Index’ nach Rosalind Krauss einer kritischen Lektüre unterzogen.

Rethinking science for sustainable development: Reflexive interaction for a paradigm transformation

If we postulate a need for the transformation of society towards sustainable development, we also need to transform science and overcome the fact/value split that makes it impossible for science to be accountable to society. The orientation of this paradigm transformation in science has been under debate for four decades, generating important theoretical concepts, but they have had limited impact until now. This is due to a contradictory normative science policy framing that science has difficulties dealing with, not least of all because the dominant framing creates a lock-in. We postulate that in addition to introducing transdisciplinarity, science needs to strive for integration of the normative aspect of sustainable development at the meta-level. This requires a strategically managed niche within which scholars and practitioners from many different disciplines can engage in a long-term common learning process, in order to become a “thought collective” (Fleck) capable of initiating the paradigm transformation. Arguing with Piaget that “decentration” is essential to achieve normative orientation and coherence in a learning collective, we introduce a learning approach—Cohn's “Theme-Centred Interaction”—which provides a methodology for explicitly working with the objectivity and subjectivity of statements and positions in a “real-world” context, and for consciously integrating concerns of individuals in their interdependence with the world. This should enable a thought collective to address the epistemological and ethical barriers to science for sustainable development.

Rethinking ERP-Outsourcing Decisions for Leveraging Technological and Preserving Business Knowledge

During the selection, implementation and stabilization phases, as well as the operations and optimization phase of an ERP system (ERP-lifecycle), numerous companies consider to utilize the support of an external service provider. This paper analyses how different categories of knowledge influence the sourcing decision of crucial tasks within the ERP lifecycle. Based on a review of the IS outsourcing literature, essential knowledge-related determinants for the IS outsourcing decision are presented and aggregated in a structural model. It will be hypothesized that internal deficits in technological knowledge in comparison to external vendors as well as the specificity of the synthesis of special technological and specific business knowledge have a profound impact on the outsourcing decision. Then, a classification framework will be developed which facilitates the assignment of various tasks within the ERP lifecycle to their respective knowledge categories and knowledge carriers which might be internal or external stakeholders. The configuaration task will be used as an example to illustrate how the structural model and the classification framework may be applied to evaluate the outsourcing of tasks within the ERP lifecycle.

The influence of social connectedness and self-esteem on participant retention in a bi-ethnic longitudinal study

In prospective studies it is essential that the study sample accurately represents the target population for meaningful inferences to be drawn. Understanding why some individuals do not participate, or fail to continue to participate, in longitudinal studies can provide an empirical basis for the development of effective recruitment and retention strategies to improve response rates. This study examined the influence of social connectedness and self-esteem on long-term retention of participants, using secondary data from the “San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging” (SALSA), a population-based study of Mexican Americans (MAs) and European Americans (EAs) aged over 65 years residing in San Antonio, Texas. We tested the effect of social connectedness, self-esteem and socioeconomic status on participant retention in both ethnic groups. In MAs only, we analyzed whether acculturation and assimilation moderated these associations and/or had a direct effect on participant retention. ^ Low income, low frequency of social contacts and length of recruitment interval were significant predictors of non-completer status. Participants with low levels of social contacts were almost twice as likely as those with high levels of social contacts to be non-completers, even after adjustment for age, sex, ethnic group, education, household income, and recruitment interval (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.26–3.01, p = 0.003). Recruitment interval consistently and strongly predicted non-completer status in all the models tested. Depending on the model, for each year beyond baseline there was a 25–33% greater likelihood of non-completion. The only significant interaction, or moderating, effect observed was between social contacts and cultural values among MAs. Specifically, MAs with both low social contacts and low acculturation on cultural values (i.e., placed high value on preserving Mexican cultural origins) were three and half times more likely to be non-completers compared with MAs in other subgroups comprised of the combination of these variables, even after adjustment for covariates. ^ Long term studies with older and minority participants are challenging for participant retention. Strategies can be designed to enhance retention by paying special attention to participants with low social contacts and, in MAs, participants with both low social contacts and low acculturation on cultural values. Minimizing the time interval between baseline and follow-up recruitment, and maintaining frequent contact with participants during this interval should also be is integral to the study design.^