894 resultados para Rede de abastecimento de água
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a distribuição espacial dos criadouros de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti Linnaeus 1762 Diptera: Culicidae) em pontos georreferenciados de dois bairros da cidade de Macapá-AP. Os espécimes foram coletados em dois períodos (seco e chuvoso) e analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Realizou-se mapeamento dos imóveis inspecionados, destacando-se aqueles com criadouros positivos para formas imaturas de A. aegypti, além de entrevistas com os residentes locais, a fim de se avaliar aspectos sócio-econômicos relacionados à ocorrência da espécie em questão. No bairro do Trem os depósitos móveis, detiveram 21,90% das larvas coletadas no período seco e 24,60% no período chuvoso; depósitos fixos 22,38% no período seco e 20,59% no período chuvoso; e depósitos removíveis 49,05% no período seco e 48,93% no período chuvoso. No Bairro Cidade Nova as fossas e depósitos de água para consumo, detiveram 26,79% e 18,66% no período seco respectivamente. No período chuvoso, os depósitos de água para consumo subiram para 34,16 %, as fossas se mantiveram inalteradas, sugerindo que esse último seja considerado um recipiente preferencial para a desova do mosquito. Constatou-se que o abastecimento de água encanada cobre 93% das residências do bairro do Trem, e 73% do bairro Cidade Nova, o qual não dispõe de rede de esgoto sanitário. No bairro do Trem houve variabilidade regular na distribuição dos criadouros nos dois períodos estudados. No bairro Cidade Nova o comportamento espacial apresentou uma tendência de variabilidade irregular, sendo possível caracterizar as áreas de risco existentes em relação ao tipo de criadouro. De modo geral, conclui-se que uma das grandes capacidades da análise de dados georeferenciados é a sua manipulação para produzir novas informações que contribuam para uma melhor gestão das medidas de controle.
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE
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As condições naturais dos recursos hídricos podem ser modificadas com o uso insustentável dos mesmos. Por exemplo, em Belém, capital do Estado do Pará, o lago Água Preta, apresenta uma história de degradação que põe em risco o abastecimento de água potável em Belém. Nesse contexto, a principal contribuição do presente trabalho, é a realização de um estudo sobre a modelagem hidrodinâmica e a morfologia do lago Água Preta. Tal estudo foi efetuado a partir de duas fontes de dados. A primeira é um mapa topobatimétrico de 1975, que faz parte dos arquivos da COSANPA. A segunda foi uma batimetria realizada com um ADCP em 2009. A modelagem iniciase com a elaboração dos modelos de elevação de terreno de 1975 e 2009, também utilizados para o estudo morfológico do lago. Para a utilização do modelo hidrodinâmico, são necessários os modelos de elevação de terreno supracitados; o modelo de rugosidade do relevo subaquático do lago, para o cálculo do coeficiente de Manning; e as condições de contorno. As simulações hidrodinâmicas de velocidade e profundidades foram realizadas utilizando o modelo de Saint-Venant do tipo águas rasas. No caso das profundidades, as mesmas foram comparadas com dados disponíveis na literatura, a fim de validá-las. Os resultados das simulações hidrodinâmicas, ou seja, profundidades e velocidades, associadas ao estudo morfológico, são peças chave na análise dos padrões de escoamento e de tendências de assoreamento do lago.
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Considerando a grande importância do Reservatório de Itupararanga para o abastecimento de água para a população da região de Sorocaba (SP), este trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar sua qualidade da água de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros: profundidade, condutividade elétrica, temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Al, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni, alcalinidade, cloreto, nitrato, sulfato, fosfato. Além disso, as variáveis físicas e químicas foram analisadas em dois diferentes pontos de amostragem e períodos durante no ano 2007. Os resultados indicaram que o ponto de amostragem mais a montante (P1) é o mais afetado pelo uso e ocupação do solo da bacia do Alto Sorocaba e ao longo do Reservatório de Itupararanga, as concentrações da maioria dos cátions e ânions analisados diminuem a jusante, melhorando a qualidade das águas deste reservatório. Portanto, entende-se que são necessárias ações voltadas ao planejamento, diminuição da degradação ambiental e gerenciamento integrado do Reservatório de Itupararanga.
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Sistema compacto de cogeração com motor de combustão interna compreendendo a interligação mecânica de um motor de combustão interna (M), operando com gasolina e ou gás, com um gerador de eletricidade (G), e um trocador de calor água/água (TC1), onde a troca de calor ocorre entre a água proveniente do conjunto de refrigeração do motor (M) e a água a ser aquecida proveniente da rede de abastecimento...
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Brazil has about 12 % of a life´s essential resource: the superficial fresh water of the planet. However, today it is possible to observe the bad management of this resource, generating serious consequences on the quality that results in the loss of the use´s availability. In this scenario, the catchment of rainwater for undrinkable use is an alternative that has been broadly studied for the scientific community. When planning a system of rainwater catchment, the sizing of the required volume of the tank that will keep the water has a fundamental importance for the project, seeing that the supersizing of the tank can bring high costs and the undersizing can bring shortage in the water supply. This paper used a methodology based on two concepts: the harvesting efficiencies and the attending efficiencies of the system. This method takes as principle that exist a perfect demand that minimize the repayment time, condition that happened when the efficiencies are equal. Brazilian’s cities with different weathers and different rainfalls where chosen to simulate the attending for different demands for a typical residence. The data where parameterized according to the roof area and the number of residents, that way is possible that a future conference can be easily done and it also ensure results closer to the reality. The results showed that cities with a lower period of drought, even those with high level of rainfall on the raining mouths, have lower potential of water supply. The cities where the rainfall is more constant and also more high, even small roofs areas and small tank´s volumes – about half of the size compare to the cities with less propitious conditions – can generate high levels of water saving. With an eye to promote the environmental sustainability, the investment on projects for the catchment of rainwater is a good alternative
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The objective of this work is present and analyze the standards and guidelines associated with the protection of health of the user of waters less noble, for purposes other than drinking, and more specifically, the criteria descriptors of quality of these waters and the assessment of microbiological risk associated to its use aiming to establish, with bases and scientific criteria, the tolerable risk and the definition of standards for the microbiological quality. To this end, the author makes use of investigative exploratory method based on bibliographic survey and acquisition and posterior analysis, presentation and discussion about the topics discussed. The final text may inform and subsidise decisions regarding the definition of new values (preparation of new standards) and in the definition of appropriate technology
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The present study is about data characterization and evaluation related to private urban users (legal entity) of the Watersheds of the rivers Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiai (PCJ), with the PCJ Collection System, sustained by the Department of Water and Power (DAEE), in order to: provide quantitative numbers about this sector, identifying the cities and economic activities corresponding to the largest water consumers, and determine the sector's share in the total charged contribution. The charge for water use is the most recent and the last instrument which has been implemented for the management of water resources, provided by the institution of the State and National Policy of Water Resources in 1991 and 1997, respectively, regarded as an important step towards the preservation and restoration of water resources. According to the data collected in the PCJ Collection System, the urban sector is the private sector that has the highest number of users in these watersheds (52,95% of users), but with less representation in the financial recovery (only 7%), due to its low water demand in their uses compared to the uses of other sectors. The collected data will also serve as both a parameter for comparing the amount of water used by different economic activities and municipalities in the PCJ watersheds and other locations, and as a tool for water resources management
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The programs Water Producer and Water Mine are the starting point for the research, whose the main objective is to develop a study on the necessity and possibility to forming water producers in the Veado Creek Watershed Deer, located in Presidente Venceslau - Sao Paulo, in order to improve the quality and quantity of water from the spring. To this end, the implementation of programs in the spring, especially the Water Mine, developed by the State of Sao Paulo, could help change the situation in which degradation is the area of the watershed. The main methodological procedures were performed: survey and literature review, interviews with employees SEAAMA, CATI, interview with the president of the Association of Owners of Rural Watershed of Deer Creek; interview with landowners of the Fountain Creek Watershed Deer; work in the search field at the landfill to the DAE and the Association of Collectors of Recycled. We are dealing with issues such as the importance of the Code of forests with regard to the protection of water resources, decentralized management and participatory of water resources, Payment by Environmental Services, production of water, characterization and diagnosis of the environmental Microbacia of Wealth Córrego do Veado, sanitation of the municipality of Presidente Venceslau. Analyzed the current situation of the watershed of the spring, highlighting the main actions that have been performed by the municipality through the watershed program of the State of São Paulo City Hall and through the resources FEHIDRO. The obtained results allowed to demonstrate the need and the possibility of setting up the Project Mine Of Water in the watershed of the fountain and the interest of owners interviewed by adherence to the Project and the protection of the source
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The water resources scarceness in world become more evident and worried everyday, because the occurrence of water waste, without consider context of potable water deficit, period of long dryness, resource distribution and population density, urban concentration, industrial and rural areas, pollution process, contamination, beyond aspect related to sanitation and public health affect an entire population. At Itu city, this problem is already real, the population face the lack of water risk in dryness period, damaging their life quality and the city economic development, because Itu is a touristic city that has a mixed economy with activities in business dealing, agriculture and industrial department, all conect to water consumption.
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Neste trabalho priorizou-se a visão da água enquanto bem público. No seu tratamento, dado que a economia neoclássica tradicional não nos oferece uma resposta desejável, pisamos o campo da Economia Institucional: da importância das instituições para o desenvolvimento até os diferentes arranjos institucionais, com o aparecimento de múltiplos agentes. Com isso procuramos atacar o problema do “carona”, e mostrar como pode haver cooperação entre os agentes para a produção de um bem público, no caso a água. Em posse desses argumentos, mostramos como é feita a atual gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil, descentralizada e participativa, através dos Comitês de Bacias Hidrográficas. Em seguida mostramos como a articulação regional, diante de um cenário de escassez hídrica para abastecimento antrópico, e seus consequentes conflitos, anterior à formação dos CBHs, contribuiu para pressionar um tradicional segmento da indústria na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), o Pólo Petroquímico, e como a opção pela reutilização da água tornou-se uma alternativa não só viável, como economicamente interessante, a ponto da Sabesp e da construtora Odebrecht iniciarem o projeto Aquapolo Ambiental
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This paper aimed to study the treatability of rainwater collected in Rio Claro, SP, using natural coagulant tannin based. The tannin was compared with other too primary coagulants, namely ferric chloride and corn starch. Assays were performed in laboratory scale using equipment known as Jarteste and aimed to study the conditions most suitable dosage and coagulation pH. First tests were conducted to compare the coagulating and determination of the conditions to be used in the following tests, taking as a criterion the greatest efficiency for water treatment. Also performed were performed tests to construct the tannin coagulation diagram, using the optimal concentration found in the previous phase, by varying the dosage of coagulant and the pH of clotting in order to determine the isoefficiency regions for apparent color and turbidity. Finally, tests were performed cyclically filtration with filter paper. Preliminary tests indicated that the vegetable tannin concentration 3% (m/m) from the commercial solution was presented the best set of results (84.3% removal of apparent color and 82.51% removal of turbidity) compared to ferric chloride (66.25% removal efficiency and apparent color of turbidity 67.82%) and starch (73.68% removal efficiency apparent color and turbidity to 67.19%). The coagulation diagrams indicate that the best region to work with vegetable tannin 3% is where the coagulant dosage ranges from 15 mg/L to about 37.5 mg/L and coagulation pH ranging from about 6.5 to 7.5. The cyclic filtration showed to be not efficient for the best dosage of coagulant, due to the process of clogging of the filter paper, but proved to be efficient for other dosages. Thus, for the waters studied, the results indicate that the natural coagulant based tannin is an alternative to conventional coagulants, possessing benefits of technical and environmental
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This research aims at the study of treatment of clothes washing water through biological treatment, for the purpose of evaluating the reduction of phosphorus to make it suitable for a posterior treatment of physical-chemical. For this purpose it was employed a sequencing batch reactor, consisting of aerobic and anaerobic phases. During the project it was verified not only the reduction of phosphorus (removal of 30 to 50%) but also the reduction of BOD, COD, Turbidity and Nitrate (removal of 38 to 36%, 34 to 41%, 72,3 to 75% and 57,8 to 60% respectively), which demonstrates that the proposed treatment can assist advanced treatments of water for its non potable reuse
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The aim of the present work is to investigate a simplified rainwater treatment strategy for nonpotable use. For this, there were simulated in laboratory scale the treatment conditions of a system that employs Corn Starch as a coagulant in cyclic filtration (from 1 to 5 filtration cycles). A commercial Corn Starch in different dosages was used (0,1; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5; 7,0; 7,5; 8,0; 8,5 e 9,0 mg/L). The NBR 15527/07 recommended parameters were monitored on the inflow and outflow and compared to different first flushes (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5mm). The obtained results indicate that the 6.0mg/L dosage presented the best results (removal efficiency of 86% of turbidity; 88% of apparent color and absent of total and faecal coliform residuals). However, it was not possible to prove the filtration cycles benefit, in laboratory scale, because for some Corn Starch dosages the water did not present better quality when increasing the number of cycles.