Sports anti-siphoning laws and the controversy of sports broadcasting: A case study of Pakistan

Controversies between private and public broadcasters over the broadcasting of live sports, especially cricket, during important sports events have emerged as a serious legal issue in Pakistan. Controversy between Geo Super and Pakistan Television over live telecast of the ICC Cricket World Cup is a typical example of such controversies. An aggressive legal battle, during a most important cricketing event, not only hampered the enjoyment of cricket viewers across the country but also gave Pakistan a bad name across the globe. This article discusses in detail this controversy and highlights lacunas in the existing sports broadcasting regime of Pakistan. There are no clear and well defined sports broadcasting laws in Pakistan. The Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) rules are of general nature. Secondly, PEMRA rules are not comprehensive and explicit enough to provide clear guidelines about sports broadcasting. This may be a possible reason why sports broadcasting controversies reach the highest court in Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Pakistan. Despite these ugly battles between broadcasters, the government of Pakistan has never given due importance to this issue and no efforts have been made at any level to come up with legislation on sports broadcasting to avoid such controversies or to resolve them amicably in the light of well-defined laws on this subject. The purpose of this article is to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards this important issue because in future more such controversies may be expected in the absence of a sports broadcasting regime in the country.

Australian Media Law [5th Edition]

Australian Media Law details and explains the complex case law, legislation and regulations governing media practice in areas as diverse as journalism, advertising, multimedia and broadcasting. It examines the issues affecting traditional forms of media such as television, radio, film and newspapers as well as for recent forms such as the internet, online forums and digital technology, in a clear and accessible format. New additions to the fifth edition include: - the implications of new anti-terrorism legislation for journalists; - developments in privacy law, including Law Reform recommendations for a statutory cause of action to protect personal privacy in Australia and the expanding privacy jurisprudence in the United Kingdom and New Zealand; - liability for defamation of internet search engines and service providers; - the High Court decision in Roadshow v iiNet and the position of internet service providers in relation to copyright infringement via their services; - new suppression order regimes; - statutory reforms providing journalists with a rebuttable presumption of non-disclosure when called upon to reveal their sources in a court of law; - recent developments regarding whether journalists can use electronic devices to collect and disseminate information about court proceedings; - contempt committed by jurors via social media; and an examination of recent decisions on defamation, confidentiality, vilification, copyright and contempt.

Dark Spots, Bubbles, and Shells in the Lobes of Extragalactic Radio Sources

Based on maps of the extragalactic radio sources Cyg A, Her A, Cen A, 3C 277.3 and others, arguments are given that the twin-jets from the respective active galactic nucleus ram their channels repeatedly through thin, massive shells. The jets are thereby temporarily choked and blow radio bubbles. Warm shell matter in the cocoon shows up radio-dark through electron-scattering.

Verkkoradio, musiikki ja radio - katsaus verkkoradioihin osana suomalaisten musiikin kuuntelua

This thesis examines Internet-radios and other web-based music services, and different ways these services are used in music listening in Finland. The research material was gathered in eight interviews that took place between spring 2005 and spring 2006 in southern Finland. The analysis distinguishes between five main types of Internet-radios: a) simulcasting, b) webcasting, c) podcasting, d) web-based sound archives, e) interactive music services. As a medium for music listening these combine aspects of computers and traditional radio. The role of Internet-radios in everyday life as well as different types of listening motivation are examined in the light of earlier research on taste, music listening and radio listening.

Spectral Sensing for Cognitive Radio: Estimation of Adaptive Frequency Hopping Signal

The issue of dynamic spectrum scene analysis in any cognitive radio network becomes extremely complex when low probability of intercept, spread spectrum systems are present in environment. The detection and estimation become more complex if frequency hopping spread spectrum is adaptive in nature. In this paper, we propose two phase approach for detection and estimation of frequency hoping signals. Polyphase filter bank has been proposed as the architecture of choice for detection phase to efficiently detect the presence of frequency hopping signal. Based on the modeling of frequency hopping signal it can be shown that parametric methods of line spectral analysis are well suited for estimation of frequency hopping signals if the issues of order estimation and time localization are resolved. An algorithm using line spectra parameter estimation and wavelet based transient detection has been proposed which resolves above issues in computationally efficient manner suitable for implementation in cognitive radio. The simulations show promising results proving that adaptive frequency hopping signals can be detected and demodulated in a non cooperative context, even at a very low signal to noise ratio in real time.

Optical and surface characterization of radio frequency plasma polymerized 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene thin films

Low pressure radio frequency plasma-assisted deposition of 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene thin films was investigated for different polymerization conditions. Transparent, environmentally stable and flexible, these organic films are promising candidates for organic photovoltaics (OPV) and flexible electronics applications, where they can be used as encapsulating coatings and insulating interlayers. The effect of deposition RF power on optical properties of the films was limited, with all films being optically transparent, with refractive indices in a range of 1.57–1.58 at 500 nm. The optical band gap (Eg) of ~3 eV fell into the insulating Eg region, decreasing for films fabricated at higher RF power. Independent of deposition conditions, the surfaces were smooth and defect-free, with uniformly distributed morphological features and average roughness between 0.30 nm (at 10 W) and 0.21 nm (at 75 W). Films fabricated at higher deposition power displayed enhanced resistance to delamination and wear, and improved hardness, from 0.40 GPa for 10 W to 0.58 GPa for 75 W at a load of 700 μN. From an application perspective, it is therefore possible to tune the mechanical and morphological properties of these films without compromising their optical transparency or insulating property.

Radio frequency plasma enhanced synthesis of antifouling polymeric coatings from monoterpene alcohols

Radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is currently used to fabricate a broad range of functional coatings. This work described fabrication and characterization of a novel bioactive coating, polyterpenol, for encapsulation of three-dimensional indwelling medical devices. The materials are synthesized from monoterpene alcohols under different input power conditions. The chemical composition and structure of the polyterpenol thin films were determined by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The application of polyterpenol coating to the substrate reduced surface roughness from 1.5 to 0.4 of a nanometer, and increased the water contact angle from to 9 to 72 degrees. The extent of attachment and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production of two medically relevant pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Application of polyterpenol coating fabricated at 10 W significantly inhibited attachment and growth of both pathogens compared to unmodified substrates, whilst addition of 50 W films resulted in an increased attachment, proliferation and EPS production by both types of bacteria when compared to unmodified surface. Marked dissimilarity in bacterial response between two coatings was attributed to changes in surface chemistry, nano-architecture and surface energy of polymer thin films deposited under different input power conditions.

Synthesis of radio frequency plasma polymerized non-synthetic Terpinen-4-ol thin films

Recent advancements in the area of organic polymer applications demand novel and advanced materials with desirable surface, optical and electrical properties to employ in emerging technologies. This study examines the fabrication and characterization of polymer thin films from non-synthetic Terpinen-4-ol monomer using radio frequency plasma polymerization. The optical properties, thickness and roughness of the thin films were studied in the wavelength range 200–1000 nm using ellipsometry. The polymer thin films of thickness from 100 nm to 1000 nm were fabricated and the films exhibited smooth and defect-free surfaces. At 500 nm wavelength, the refractive index and extinction coefficient were found to be 1.55 and 0.0007 respectively. The energy gap was estimated to be 2.67 eV, the value falling into the semiconducting Eg region. The obtained optical and surface properties of Terpinen-4-ol based films substantiate their candidacy as a promising low-cost material with potential applications in electronics, optics, and biomedical industries.

Radio repair workshop; Juedische Winterhilfe der Juedische Gemeinde; Berlin Jewish Institutions

"300 Radioanlagen. 5000 Buecher"

Mössbauer Lineshape in the Presence of Radio-Frequency Fields

A general expression for the Mössbauer lineshape in the presence of a radio frequency field is derived. As an example the effect of the rf field on Fe57 nuclei is discussed for a situation where the 3/2 sublevel of 14.4 keV state of Fe57 is selectively populated. At resonance, both the diagonal and non-diagonal matrix elements contribute to the correlation function. As a result, in addition to a slight rf induced distortion of the main Mössbauer line. additional transition lines are obtained. Thus the present calculation supports the experimental observations of Heiman et al.

Legacies of War--[Ten percent terror]

Ten Percent Terror brings together leading creatives from the fields of contemporary theatre, contemporary dance, music theatre, circus and digital arts in the first collaboration of its kind. Commissioned by Brisbane Powerhouse, with support from the Anzac Centenary Arts and Culture Fund and in partnership with Dancenorth and Company 2, this is an inter-disciplinary work that combines theatrical narrative with eloquent physicality, through circus and dance, to express certain truths of the soldiers' experience. This production will be a circus-narrative that uses the form and language of circus to express the key themes of risk, panic and brotherhood. Ten Percent Terror is intended to be a work of scale, yet also intimacy: of stillness and panic, inertia and chaos. Project partners, Dancenorth and Company 2, share the vision to use contemporary artistic disciplines to connect younger and modern audiences to the ANZAC legacy, perhaps offering a connection for those audiences that they may not find through more traditional art forms. The development process has included a community research project in Townsville, conducted by Shane Pike, which explored contemporary Australians’ stories through interviews with serving military personnel and the local community, as well as collecting photographic documentation and other artefacts from around Townsville. This was followed by an archival research project in Brisbane, where Pike reviewed letters, photographs and personal accounts of soldiers from WW1. The results of these projects will be used by the creative team to inform the development of Ten Percent Terror. Given Townsville’s reputation as Australia’s ‘garrison’ city, the project partners plan to deliver the world premiere performance of Ten Percent Terror in Townsville in late 2015. It is intended that Ten Percent Terror will receive its Brisbane premiere in November 2015 at Brisbane Powerhouse, as part of a four-performance season. This expert panel included discussion of the project and its place in analysing key aspects of Australia's wartime history.

Radio frequency emission in electron beam-plasma and beam-beam interaction

A linear excitation of electromagnetic modes at frequencies (n + ı89 in a plasma through which two electron beams are contra-streaming along the magnetic field is investigated. This may be a source of the observed {cote emissions at auroral latitudes.

The interference environment of radio Noise froh4 lightning

The paper furnishes a review and air ovendepr "f radio noise *om lightning as rr so~irce of interference to analogue and digital Corn?tunicatioiz. The parameters of fhe different fornls < f, noise necessary .for pssessigth e interfering effect of the rloise are described. 4railublr irfjrncroiun thrr tndevstor71zs, thunder-clouds, convecrion cells and lightning are er ieveadn d their liizitatimsp ointed oui. Thew fol101r.s a descripiicn of how the source, popugafiona nd receiver chaacteristidse termine the sfrticture qf a/rnosplro.ic noise as receiwd at a point of observation. The tratrrral unit for this noise i.s the mise burst rtrising from o w complete lightning.flas4. The pmuneters of the nrise birrst as a 11.hole and its structure ctetennine the inrqfflrrence enrirnniient. A hisforic reriel$. qf t2sophericii oke .studies sho1(5 that it i. wrreirt(v of importance oldy in thc ropicarl egions of' the wr ldf i>rs hichf hc neailable data are wry defective. New data are ficnrished. The contribution of atmospheric noise for backgrouzd interference even in remote places ,for r.adicj astronomy at VHF is firrnished. The imporlance of aimcspizeric nctise cceurring ;vporadiea@ in high values fur slzort inier.als at VHF and higher frequencies in the tropics is brought out.

Saga land: Richard Fidler and Kári Gíslason in Iceland

This is a four-part radio documentary produced for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National. Richard Fidler and Kári Gíslason travel to Iceland to tell the stories of the ancient Vikings, and to settle a longstanding family mystery.

Re-imagining public journalism for community radio news-gathering

This paper explores the use of public journalism within a community radio news context. It argues that, the central tenets of the public journalism movement can help to frame, more adequately, a news gathering and production approach Tailored to the needs of community media. . Community radio stations generally enjoy strong relationships with their listeners and play an important role in the formation of the community itself (Lowrey et al., 2008). This paper argues that such strong community ties, in conjunction with public journalism news gathering approaches give community radio stations a strong opportunity to produce relevant, local news sourced driven by their listeners. In this regard ,this paper examines a particular case of public journalism used within the The Wire, a national, daily current affairs program broadcast on community radio. In the case study examined here ,public journalism informed story production that were designed to better meet the needs of community radio stations and their audiences.