gamma/delta and other unconventional T lymphocytes: what do they see and what do they do?

T lymphocytes recognize specific ligands by clonally distributed T-cell receptors (TCR). In humans and most animals, the vast majority of T cells express a TCR composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain, whereas a minor T-cell population is characterized by the TCR gamma/delta. Almost all of our knowledge about T cells stems from alpha/beta T cells and only now are we beginning to understand gamma/delta T cells. In contrast to conventional alpha/beta T cells, which are specific for antigenic peptides presented by gene products of the major histocompatibility complex, gamma/delta T cells directly recognize proteins and even nonproteinacious phospholigands. These findings reveal that gamma/delta T cells and alpha/beta T cells recognize antigen in a fundamentally different way and hence mitigate the dogma of exclusive peptide-major histocompatibility complex recognition by T cells. A role for gamma/delta T cells in antimicrobial immunity has been firmly established. Although some gamma/delta T cells perform effector functions, regulation of the professional and the nonprofessional immune system seems to be of at least equal importance. The prominent residence of gamma/delta T cells in epithelial tissues and the rapid mobilization of gamma/delta T cells in response to infection are consistent with such regulatory activities under physiological and pathologic conditions. Thus, although gamma/delta T cells are a minor fraction of all T cells, they are not just uninfluential kin of alpha/beta T cells but have their unique raison d'être.

Lack of bipolar see-saw in response to Southern Ocean wind reduction

A cessation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) significantly reduces northward oceanic heat transport. In response to anomalous freshwater flux, this leads to the classic 'bipolar see-saw' pattern of northern cooling and southern warming in surface air and ocean temperatures. By contrast, as shown here in a coupled climate model, both northern and southern cooling are observed for an AMOC reduction in response to reduced wind stress in the Southern Ocean (SO). For very weak SO wind stress, not only the overturning circulation collapses, but sea ice export from the SO is strongly reduced. Consequently, sea ice extent and albedo increase in this region. The resulting cooling overcompensates the warming by the reduced northward heat transport. The effect depends continuously on changes in wind stress and is reversed for increased winds. It may have consequences for abrupt climate change, the last deglaciation and climate sensitivity to increasing atmospheric CO_2 concentration.

III. Research materials used in William C. Lane's article, "Early Silver Belonging to Harvard College," [1923]

This folder contains transcriptions of archival materials used in Lane's research for the article, published by the Colonial Society of Massachusetts in 1923. Included are two letters from the papers of Harvard President Jared Sparks (1849-1853) regarding the christening basin and the role of the College steward in the care of the silver collection; and a 1781 inventory (see also in folder 7) and 1829 Corporation vote excerpted from College records. There are also two notes containing citations.

The emancipation of India. A reply to the article by the Right Hon. Viscount Morley, O.M., on "British democracy and Indian government" in the "Nineteenth century and after" for February, 1911.

Portrait on cover.

Legislative department : constitutional provisions relative thereto, compared with the provisions of Article IV, Michigan Constitution /

Caption title.

The ABC of carp culture. A treatise on the German, or European carp; its wonderful growth & fecundity, instructions for its propagation and culture as an article of food for sale; also minute directions for the construction of artificial lakes and ponds, comprising those from only a few yards in area to ponds and lakes covering acres /

Mode of access: Internet.

L'article 47; or, Breaking the ban. A drama, in three acts.

Mode of access: Internet.

A descriptive account of the several processes which are usually pursued in the manufacture of the article known in commerce by the name of tin-plate /

Printed by the executors of S. Russell, Manchester.

The family dyer and scourer : being a complete treatise on the arts of dying and cleaning every article of dress, bed and window furniture, silks, bonnets, feathers, &c., whether made of flax, silk, cotton, wool, or hair : also, carpets, counterpanes, and hearth-rugs, ensuring a saving of eighty per cent /

Includes index.

Classifications and standards of quality and purity for fresh surface waters of the Finger Lakes drainage basin, assigned and adopted by New York State Water Pollution Control Board pursuant to Article 12, Public health law.

Cover title: The Finger Lakes drainage basin: official classifications.

On traces of an indefinite article in Assyrian /

Mode of access: Internet.

Nouvelles etudes sur la législation charitable : et sur les moyens de pourvoir a l'éxécution de l'article XIII de la constitution française, suivies d'une bibliographie charitable et de trois plans d'hopitaux /

Mode of access: Internet.

Réfutation de la théorie pneumatique, ou de la nouvelle doctrine des chimistes modernes, présentée, article par article, dans une suite de réponses aux principes rassemblés et publiés par le citoyen Fourcroy, dans sa Philosophie chimique, précédée d'un supplément complémentaire de la théorie exposée dans l'ouvrage intitulé : Recherches sur les causes des principaux faits physiques, auquel celui-ci fait suit et devient nécessaire /

Mode of access: Internet.

Traduction d'un article des transactions philosophiques sur le corail : projet proposé a l'Académie de Marseille pour l'établissement d'un prix pour une dissertation sur l'histoire naturelle de la mer, avec la réponse de L'Académie, [et] une Lettre sur cette réponse : diverses observations sur les courans de la mer, faites en différens endroits

Mode of access: Internet.

La théorie de l'ouie : supplément a cet article du Traité des sens... /

Texto con apostillas marg.