1000 resultados para Química geral
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Vaccinum myrtillus L. pertence à família Ericaceae, sendo comumente conhecida pelos seus pequenos frutos e doces: os mirtilos. Largamente consumidos em fresco, estes frutos também são usados em compotas e marmeladas, devido à suas propriedades digestivas e hipoglicémicas bem como, devido à presença de vários compostos bioativos [1]. Portanto, tornou-se uma matriz muito apelativa para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos funcionais que, para além das suas propriedades nutricionais, adicionam um efeito benéfico fisiológico e para a saúde de longo prazo [2]. No presente trabalho, três novos produtos desenvolvidos pela RBR Foods Company (Portugal) tendo como base o mirtilo, foram caracterizados pelas suas propriedades nutricionais e químicas: hidratos de carbono, cinzas, proteínas, gordura e valor energético (seguindo métodos oficiais de análise de alimentos AOAC), perfil de ácidos gordos (por GC-FID), açúcares solúveis (por HPLC-RI), ácidos orgânicos (por HPLC-DAD) e tocoferóis (por HPLC de fluorescência). Os produtos resultam de uma mistura dos frutos com pétalas de rosa (P1), pétalas de calêndula (P2) e bagas goji e maçã (P3). Os frutos de mirtilo foram utilizados como amostra de controlo. O perfil nutricional dos novos produtos mostrou-se muito semelhante ao da amostra controlo: os hidratos de carbono foram os macronutrientes mais abundantes, seguido de proteínas e de gordura total. Em relação aos açúcares, frutose, glucose e sacarose foram identificados em todas as amostras. P1 e P2 não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao controlo, no entanto, P3 revelou uma menor concentração de açúcares. Em termos de composição de ácidos gordos, todas as amostras estudadas apresentaram maiores teores em ácidos gordos polinsaturados, especialmente devido à contribuição dos ácidos linoléico e alfa-linolénico. Os resultados de tocoferóis revelaram que a amostra controlo apresentou apenas duas isoformas de tocoferóis, α- e γ-tocoferol, sendo a mesmo observado em P3. No entanto, P1 revelou a presença de todas as isoformas de tocoferóis, enquanto P2 não apresentaou δ-tocoferol; Estes resultados estão relacionados com a contribuição das pétalas de rosa e calêndula, respetivamente. A isoforma α-tocoferol foi a mais abundante em todas as amostras estudadas. Em geral, este trabalho contribuiu para a caracterização de novos produtos nutricionais com base de mirtilo sendo parte de um projecto mais abrangente que tem por objetivo o estudo detalhado destes produtos, para serem utilizados como alimentos funcionais.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2015.
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Académico - Licenciaturas
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2010.
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The current study examined spatial-temporal modifications and water quality through chemical and biotic indicators during both dry (January, February and November 2006) and wet seasons (March to June 2006). This study was carried out in Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir, RN, Canal do Pataxó and after the water station treatment (WST). The physical-chemical parameters were measured in situ and inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll a and Free Oxygen Demand (FOD) were analyzed in laboratory conditions. Quali quantitative analyses of phytoplankton were carried out utilizing Sedgwick-Rafter camera. Results indicate that DQO concentrations were low. FOD concentrations in the reservoir were comparatively higher in the dry season (5.21 mgL-1; 5.64 mgL-1 e 6.05 mgL-1) in relation to the wet season (4.52 mgL-1; 4.12 mgL-1 e 4.92 mgL-1), in surface, intermediate and bottom waters, respectively. FOD values were inferior to 1.0mgL-1in both Canal do Pataxó and after WST, which is considered adequate for public use reservoirs. Although FOD concentrations were low, Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir, Canal do Pataxó and WST were classified as euthophizied, mesotrophic ad oligotrophic, respectively, considering the Index of Trophic State Criteria. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the study reservoir were higher in the surface (199.2 µgL-1) during the wet season, whereas in Canal do Pataxó concentrations decreased from 1.56 µgL-1 to 0.028 µgL-1, and after WST values were low (0.059 µgL-1). Dominance of cianobacterias, such as Planktotrhix agardhii (dry season) and Microcystis sp (wet season) was registered in all three areas. In the reservoir and Canal do Pataxó, density of cianobacterias, such as P. agardhii and Microcistys sp., was superior to the values allowed by the Health ministry (HM). However, after WST, density values of cianobacteria were inferior to values established by the HM
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Os levantamentos nacionais mostram que o uso de drogas vem aumentando na população em geral, sendo observado cada vez mais cedo entre os jovens. Com isso, podem ser previstas sérias consequências desse uso e o aumento dos indicadores de dependência química. As perspectivas de prevenção e voltadas para a capacitação das equipes de saúde da atenção primária têm sido apontadas como promissoras pela literatura atual. É um desafio que exige conhecimento, empenho e um trabalho em rede para que estas ações sejam, de fato, efetivas. O presente trabalho apresenta as dificuldades encontradas para o tratamento da dependência química no município de Rio Pomba - MG, com o objetivo de instrumentalizar a equipe de saúde para o atendimento a essa demanda. Foi utilizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre dependência química no contexto da atenção primária à saúde para subsidiar o plano de ação. Dessa forma, elaborou-se um plano de ação, objetivando a abordagem adequada ao dependente químico e a capacitação dos profissionais da atenção primária no município. Envolveu a elaboração do plano operativo voltado para a prevenção e redução de danos provocados pelo uso abusivo de drogas. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, concluiu-se que o uso abusivo de álcool e drogas é um problema de saúde pública, o qual envolve múltiplos fatores que devem ser trabalhados pela equipe de saúde da família e dentro do contexto familiar.
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MIPs are synthetic polymers that are used as biomimetic materials simulating the mechanism verified in natural entities such as antibodies and enzymes. Although MIPs have been successfully used as an outstanding tool for enhancing the selectivity or different analytical approaches, such as separation science and electrochemical and optical sensors, several parameters must be optimized during their synthesis. Therefore, the state-of-the-art of MIP production as well as the different polymerization methods are discussed. The potential selectivity of MIPs in the extraction and separation techniques focusing mainly on environmental, clinical and pharmaceutical samples as applications for analytical purposes is presented.
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The aim of this paper is the description of the strategies and advances in the use of MIP in the development of chemical sensors. MIP has been considered an emerging technology, which allows the synthesis of materials that can mimic some highly specific natural receptors such as antibodies and enzymes. In recent years a great number of publications have demonstrated a growth in their use as sensing phases in the construction of sensors . Thus, the MIP technology became very attractive as a promising analytical tool for the development of sensors.
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This article provides some aspects that allow making a current reading of the situation of the Brazilian Chemistry that permit us considerate it as a strategic area. They are still presented some initial proposals related to the organization of the research as well as to win the challenges of the relationship with the other areas of the knowledge.
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The results of a survey of institutions offering undergraduate studies, with the objective of evaluating the importance of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry for Chemistry courses in Brazil, are presented and discussed. Judging by the data, the content of the course of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry is considered by the Brazilian institutions offering undergraduate studies to be a body of knowledge essential for the formation of the chemist. This aspect is deemed valid for both baccalaureate and teaching license studies.
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Process Analytical Chemistry (PAC) is an important and growing area in analytical chemistry, that has received little attention in academic centers devoted to the gathering of knowledge and to optimization of chemical processes. PAC is an area devoted to optimization and knowledge acquisition of chemical processes, to reducing costs and wastes and to making an important contribution to sustainable development. The main aim of this review is to present to the Brazilian community the development and state of the art of PAC, discussing concepts, analytical techniques currently employed in the industry and some applications.
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In this work, we describe a new method for obtaining [Fe(CO)2[(eta5-C5H5)Cl] employing simple techniques and low-cost reagents. It is worth mentioning that this method is faster than others reported in the literature. It was applied in laboratory classes for undergraduate students, exploring different concepts in organometallic chemistry and discussing the steps involved in the synthetic route.
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There has been a considerable interest in coordination complexes of molecular nitrogen (N2), partly due to a possible relationship between such complexes and the nitrogen activation process in nature. The present paper describes the synthesis and infrared spectroscopic characterization of an iron-nitrogen derivative with ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (edta) as an experiment for an undergraduate course. The topics covered here include synthesis, reactivity and spectroscopy.
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The function of lipids in human nutrition has been intensively debated in the last decade.This context reinforces the concern about controlling the trans fat ingestion, due to its negative implications on health. Interesterification provides an important alternative to modify the consistency of oils and fats without causing formation of trans isomers. This article reports research done towards production of zero trans fats by chemical interesterification, for different industrial purposes. Aspects related to the effect of trans fats on diet, their impact on health and modifications in Brazilian legislation are also covered.
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Quimica Nova and the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society are two examples of successful initiatives taken by the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ - Sociedade Brasileira de Química), and may serve as models for the scientific societies of developing countries. Pillars of the SBQ, these two periodicals are undeniable demonstrations that idealism, utopia and dignity are the essential ingredients for transforming dreams into reality. Few believed that the Brazilian chemical community would one day have, as it does today, two scientific research periodicals indexed in the principal international data banks.