A nova habitação social: concepções inovadoras aplicadas em ZEIS

Discussions on the production of housing for residents of low income, in Brazil, has come a long, but still no great solutions. Not only a political problem, the issue of housing involves also social and economic issues. From the beginning there was a downward grade of the slum villages more sophisticated more precarious, as if the social scale. And that is what this work will be done. In an attempt to produce forms of housing for low-income population, but not to be a mere product of capitalism, or political propaganda, but to try to reach a real solution to the problem. The project will propose new forms of construction, use of renewable energy, reuse of water and other, besides new forms of construction, the project aims to create a sustainable education to future residents

Discussão do projeto pedagógico de um curso avaliado no provão com conceito 'A' por cinco vezes consecutivas

This paper presents the drafting process of a pedagogical project developed and implemented in the Electrical Engineering Course at Faculty of Engineering, Campus Guaratinguetá UNESP. Applying the project in this course resulted in "A" concept classification in the old National Examination Course, known as MEC General Test (Provão), for five consecutive times. The text presents pre-existing scenario which culminated with the preparation of this new project, the points that guided its construction, the deployment strategy adopted, changing paradigms implemented and results obtained. The text also emphasizes the reasons which led it to be adopted as a starting point for the development of educational projects which resulted in the deployment of two new courses: Electrical Engineering from the Universidade Estadual de Londrina – UEL, and Engineering course control and Automation of Experimental Campus Sorocaba – UNESP.

Interethnic Interaction Dynamics in the Russian Federation

The collapse of the Soviet Union at the beginning of the 1990s also meant the end of the idea of a common soviet identity incarnated in the "soviet man" and the new "historic community of the soviet people". While this idea still lives on in the generations of the 1920s to 1940s, the younger generations tend to prefer identification with family, profession, ethnic group or religion. Ms. Alexakhina set out to investigate different interethnic interaction strategies in the multi-ethnic context of the Russian Federation, with an emphasis on analysing the role of cultural and ethno-demographic characteristics of minority ethnic groups. It aimed to identify those specific patterns of interaction dynamics that have emerged in response to the political and economic transformation at present under way. The basic supposition was that the size and growth of an ethnic population are defined not only by demographic features such as fertility, mortality and net migration, but are also dependent on processes interethnic interaction and ethnic transition. The central hypothesis of the project was that the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural composition of Russia is apparently manifesting itself in the ethnic minority groups in various forms, but particularly in the form of ethnic revival and/or assimilation. The results of these complex phenomena are manifested as changes in ethnic attachments (national re-identification and language behaviour (multi-lingualism, language transition and loss of the mother tongue). The stress of the political and economic crisis has stimulated significant changes in ethnographic, social and cultural characteristics of inter-ethnic dynamics such as the rate of national re-identification, language behaviour, migration activity and the spread of mixed marriages, among both those minorities with a long history of settlement in Russia and those that were annexed during the soviet period. Patterns of language behaviour and the spread of mixed marriages were taken as the main indicators of the directions of interethnic interaction described as assimilation, ethnic revival and cultural pluralism. The first stage of the research involved a statistical analysis of census data from 1959 to 1994 in order to analyse the changing demographic composition of the largest ethnic groups of the Russian Federation. Until 1989 interethnic interaction in soviet society was distinguished by the process of russification but the political and economic transformation has stimulated the process of ethnic revival, leading to an apparent fall in the size of the Russian population due to ethnic re-identification by members of other ethnic groups who had previously identified themselves as Russian. Cross-classification of nationalities by demographic, social and cultural indicators has shown that the most important determinants of the nature of interethnic interaction are cultural factors such as religion and language affiliation. The analysis of the dynamics of language shift through the study of bilingualism and the domains of language usage for different demographic groups revealed a strong correlation between recognition of Russian as a mother tongue among some non-Russian ethnic groups and the declining size of these groups. The main conclusion from this macro-analysis of census data was the hypothesis of the growing importance of social and political factors upon ethnic succession, that ethnic identity is no longer a stable characteristic but has become dynamic in nature. In order to verify this hypothesis Ms. Alexakhina conducted a survey in four regions showing different patterns of interethnic interaction: the Karelian Republic, Buryatiya, the Nenezkii Autonomous Region and Tatarstan. These represented the west, east, north and south of the Russian Federation. Samples for the survey were prepared on the basis of census lists so as to exclude mono-Russian families in favour of mixed and ethnic-minority families. The survey confirmed the significant growth in the importance of ethnic affiliation in the everyday lives of people in the Federation following the de-centralisation of the political and economic spheres. Language was shown to be a key symbol of the consciousness of national distinction, confirmed by the fact that the process of russification has been reversed by the active mastering of the languages of titular nationalities. The results also confirmed that individual ethnic identity has ceased to be a fixed personal characteristic of one's cultural and genetic belonging, and people's social adaptation to the current political, social and economic conditions is also demonstrated in changes in individual ethnic self-identification. In general terms, the dynamic nature of national identity means that ethnic identity is at present acquiring the special features of overall social identity, for which the frequent change of priorities is an inherent feature of a person's life cycle. These are mainly linked with a multi-ethnic environment and high individual social mobility. From her results Ms. Alexakhina concludes that the development of national languages and multi-lingualism, together with the preservation of Russian as a state language, seems to be the most promising path to peaceful coexistence and the development of the national cultures of different ethnic groups within the Russian Federation.

Proyectos conjuntos entre grupos de investigación y bibliotecas para la preservación digital y la difusión. El caso de un archivo de fuentes primarias de autores destacados

El interés por preservar y difundir digitalmente los materiales de autores destacados de la cultura de un país es un buen motivo de reunión de investigadores humanistas y Bibliotecas universitarias. A partir del ejemplo de gestación del proyecto Archivo ARCAS de fuentes primarias de autores destacados, se muestra la riqueza de interacciones posibles en un escenario marcado por la sinergia que produce el desarrollo de proyectos conjuntos. Se exponen los antecedentes y se presentan los actores intervinientes. Se detallan las principales decisiones que la FaHCE (UNLP) / IdIHCS (UNLP-CONICET) y su Biblioteca han debido tomar teniendo en cuenta su organización, la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y la base tecnológica existente para que el proyecto pueda prosperar. Luego, a un nivel más técnico, se consignan las principales características del prototipo generado y de su primera fase de implementación. Finalmente, se concluye enunciando los desafíos a futuro que el proyecto demandará, considerando la construcción de una plataforma integrada de fuentes primarias que contemple las necesidades de grupos de investigación con perfiles heterogéneos

El sector agropecuario en la región de Los Lagos y el paradigma "Chile potencia alimentaria" : Desafíos para la política agraria nacional

La reestructuración del modelo económico en Chile a mediados de los setenta impactó a todos los sectores productivos y el sector agropecuario no fue una excepción. Se iniciaba así el comienzo de la "Era agroexportadora", que fomentaba aquellas orientaciones productivas con claras ventajas competitivas en los mercados internacionales. El paradigma agrícola chileno se ha caracterizado por funcionar sobre la base de salarios bajos, disponibilidad de mano de obra y tipo de cambio favorable. En 2006, y en este escenario, se ha implementado la política pública denominada "Chile Potencia Alimentaria 2020", que buscar reforzar la fórmula anterior. Esta iniciativa considera estrategias de crecimiento que invisibilizan la estructura bimodal agraria presente en el país. A lo anterior se suma el agravante de que territorios (como la Región de Los Lagos en el sur de Chile) con orientaciones productivas tradicionales (ganaderas específicamente) presentan posiciones manifiestamente vulnerables, especialmente de aquellos grupos de productores que se caracterizan por funcionar con racionalidades distintas de la empresarial.

Theoretical frames for the new tasks in career guidance and counseling

Personal and career development interventions aim to help people find answers to personal and career development issues that stem from the societal context in which they live. Societal definitions of these career issues have a double consequence. On the one hand, these issues differ from one culture to another; and, on the other, they evolve along with the contexts in which they are expressed. Implementation of rigorous career development interventions requires, first, a scientific reconstruction of these societal issues and, second, a clear definition of these interventions' goals and ends. Our current view of the societal issues relating to personal and career development interventions may be phrased thus--"How can we help individuals direct their lives, in the (human) society where they interact?" It may be turned into the following scientific question: "What are the factors and processes of life-long self-construction?" An articulation of three major propositions (sociological, cognitive and dynamic) seems to be needed to answer this question. Such a theoretical frame does not allow for a definition of personal and career development interventions ends. In the world of today, the adoption by everyone of a personal ethic of responsibility towards all life on Earth (H. Jonas) could well be a fundamental end to these interventions.

El sector agropecuario en la región de Los Lagos y el paradigma "Chile potencia alimentaria" : Desafíos para la política agraria nacional

La reestructuración del modelo económico en Chile a mediados de los setenta impactó a todos los sectores productivos y el sector agropecuario no fue una excepción. Se iniciaba así el comienzo de la "Era agroexportadora", que fomentaba aquellas orientaciones productivas con claras ventajas competitivas en los mercados internacionales. El paradigma agrícola chileno se ha caracterizado por funcionar sobre la base de salarios bajos, disponibilidad de mano de obra y tipo de cambio favorable. En 2006, y en este escenario, se ha implementado la política pública denominada "Chile Potencia Alimentaria 2020", que buscar reforzar la fórmula anterior. Esta iniciativa considera estrategias de crecimiento que invisibilizan la estructura bimodal agraria presente en el país. A lo anterior se suma el agravante de que territorios (como la Región de Los Lagos en el sur de Chile) con orientaciones productivas tradicionales (ganaderas específicamente) presentan posiciones manifiestamente vulnerables, especialmente de aquellos grupos de productores que se caracterizan por funcionar con racionalidades distintas de la empresarial.

Theoretical frames for the new tasks in career guidance and counseling

Personal and career development interventions aim to help people find answers to personal and career development issues that stem from the societal context in which they live. Societal definitions of these career issues have a double consequence. On the one hand, these issues differ from one culture to another; and, on the other, they evolve along with the contexts in which they are expressed. Implementation of rigorous career development interventions requires, first, a scientific reconstruction of these societal issues and, second, a clear definition of these interventions' goals and ends. Our current view of the societal issues relating to personal and career development interventions may be phrased thus--"How can we help individuals direct their lives, in the (human) society where they interact?" It may be turned into the following scientific question: "What are the factors and processes of life-long self-construction?" An articulation of three major propositions (sociological, cognitive and dynamic) seems to be needed to answer this question. Such a theoretical frame does not allow for a definition of personal and career development interventions ends. In the world of today, the adoption by everyone of a personal ethic of responsibility towards all life on Earth (H. Jonas) could well be a fundamental end to these interventions.

Proyectos conjuntos entre grupos de investigación y bibliotecas para la preservación digital y la difusión. El caso de un archivo de fuentes primarias de autores destacados

El interés por preservar y difundir digitalmente los materiales de autores destacados de la cultura de un país es un buen motivo de reunión de investigadores humanistas y Bibliotecas universitarias. A partir del ejemplo de gestación del proyecto Archivo ARCAS de fuentes primarias de autores destacados, se muestra la riqueza de interacciones posibles en un escenario marcado por la sinergia que produce el desarrollo de proyectos conjuntos. Se exponen los antecedentes y se presentan los actores intervinientes. Se detallan las principales decisiones que la FaHCE (UNLP) / IdIHCS (UNLP-CONICET) y su Biblioteca han debido tomar teniendo en cuenta su organización, la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y la base tecnológica existente para que el proyecto pueda prosperar. Luego, a un nivel más técnico, se consignan las principales características del prototipo generado y de su primera fase de implementación. Finalmente, se concluye enunciando los desafíos a futuro que el proyecto demandará, considerando la construcción de una plataforma integrada de fuentes primarias que contemple las necesidades de grupos de investigación con perfiles heterogéneos

Theoretical frames for the new tasks in career guidance and counseling

Personal and career development interventions aim to help people find answers to personal and career development issues that stem from the societal context in which they live. Societal definitions of these career issues have a double consequence. On the one hand, these issues differ from one culture to another; and, on the other, they evolve along with the contexts in which they are expressed. Implementation of rigorous career development interventions requires, first, a scientific reconstruction of these societal issues and, second, a clear definition of these interventions' goals and ends. Our current view of the societal issues relating to personal and career development interventions may be phrased thus--"How can we help individuals direct their lives, in the (human) society where they interact?" It may be turned into the following scientific question: "What are the factors and processes of life-long self-construction?" An articulation of three major propositions (sociological, cognitive and dynamic) seems to be needed to answer this question. Such a theoretical frame does not allow for a definition of personal and career development interventions ends. In the world of today, the adoption by everyone of a personal ethic of responsibility towards all life on Earth (H. Jonas) could well be a fundamental end to these interventions.

El sector agropecuario en la región de Los Lagos y el paradigma "Chile potencia alimentaria" : Desafíos para la política agraria nacional

La reestructuración del modelo económico en Chile a mediados de los setenta impactó a todos los sectores productivos y el sector agropecuario no fue una excepción. Se iniciaba así el comienzo de la "Era agroexportadora", que fomentaba aquellas orientaciones productivas con claras ventajas competitivas en los mercados internacionales. El paradigma agrícola chileno se ha caracterizado por funcionar sobre la base de salarios bajos, disponibilidad de mano de obra y tipo de cambio favorable. En 2006, y en este escenario, se ha implementado la política pública denominada "Chile Potencia Alimentaria 2020", que buscar reforzar la fórmula anterior. Esta iniciativa considera estrategias de crecimiento que invisibilizan la estructura bimodal agraria presente en el país. A lo anterior se suma el agravante de que territorios (como la Región de Los Lagos en el sur de Chile) con orientaciones productivas tradicionales (ganaderas específicamente) presentan posiciones manifiestamente vulnerables, especialmente de aquellos grupos de productores que se caracterizan por funcionar con racionalidades distintas de la empresarial.

Proyectos conjuntos entre grupos de investigación y bibliotecas para la preservación digital y la difusión. El caso de un archivo de fuentes primarias de autores destacados

El interés por preservar y difundir digitalmente los materiales de autores destacados de la cultura de un país es un buen motivo de reunión de investigadores humanistas y Bibliotecas universitarias. A partir del ejemplo de gestación del proyecto Archivo ARCAS de fuentes primarias de autores destacados, se muestra la riqueza de interacciones posibles en un escenario marcado por la sinergia que produce el desarrollo de proyectos conjuntos. Se exponen los antecedentes y se presentan los actores intervinientes. Se detallan las principales decisiones que la FaHCE (UNLP) / IdIHCS (UNLP-CONICET) y su Biblioteca han debido tomar teniendo en cuenta su organización, la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y la base tecnológica existente para que el proyecto pueda prosperar. Luego, a un nivel más técnico, se consignan las principales características del prototipo generado y de su primera fase de implementación. Finalmente, se concluye enunciando los desafíos a futuro que el proyecto demandará, considerando la construcción de una plataforma integrada de fuentes primarias que contemple las necesidades de grupos de investigación con perfiles heterogéneos

Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento para la Competitividad del Sector de las Construcciones Petroleras, Petroquímicas y Energéticas Venezolanas

La construcción es una de las actividades más valiosas para la sociedad debido a la naturaleza de los servicios que ofrece y por el volumen de empleos y movimiento económico que genera. Por ello es un elemento fundamental para el desarrollo sustentable. Es una industria compleja, cada vez más dependiente del conocimiento. Debido a su naturaleza fragmentaria y temporal y la alta rotación de personal presenta grandes retos y complicaciones particulares. Estas dificultades en oportunidades pueden transformarse en problemas por la complejidad, localización geográfica o los requisitos técnicos, financieros e innovaciones de los proyectos. Debido a sus características, las construcciones sufren cambios en las condiciones planificadas. Con frecuencia estos cambios conducen a retrasos en la ejecución de los proyectos, costes superiores a los presupuestados y conflictos entre los clientes y los ejecutores. Esto genera problemas de competitividad que afectan tanto a países desarrollados como países en vías de desarrollo. Los problemas de la construcción tienen perniciosos efectos para la sociedad, que pierde recursos que deberían permitir mejores resultados en términos de calidad de vida y beneficios sociales y económicos. Debido a la importancia del sector y los ingentes recursos que se invierten en cada proyecto se justifican los máximos esfuerzos para lograr los mejores desempeños de esta industria. Éste interés ha orientado el desarrollo de investigaciones, para apoyar el logro de los objetivos de mejoramiento continuo y construcción sustentable. Los estudios desarrollados han permitido demostrar el valor añadido del conocimiento en todos los sectores productivos. Para la construcción, los conocimientos ofrecen indicadores de desempeño, datos y lecciones aprendidas provenientes de aciertos y errores. Estos deben conducir a aprendizajes fundamentales para sustentar su competitividad. Sin embargo, a pesar de los conocimientos disponibles y los avances en las técnicas de control gerencial y de proyectos, es alarmante la recurrencia de los problemas de construcción. Esta problemática se manifiesta con severidad en los proyectos de construcción industrial que se desarrollan para el sector petrolero, petroquímico y energético venezolano. El sector presenta evidentes necesidades para un mejor desempeño competitivo por la alta incidencia de retrasos de los proyectos, que implican pérdidas de gran parte de los recursos humanos, financieros, técnicos y conocimientos invertidos. Esta investigación plantea como objetivos analizar la importancia de la construcción y su sustentabilidad, los principales problemas que afectan el sector, la gestión del conocimiento y algunos modelos disponibles para gestionarlos. Igualmente examina las lecciones aprendidas y la productividad y competitividad, con particular atención a los problemas de competitividad venezolanos. Adicionalmente se evalúan las implicaciones del conocimiento como activo estratégico y se caracterizan las empresas de construcción industrial venezolanas. Para ello se identifican las dimensiones que sustentan la gestión del conocimiento en estas empresas, para finalmente determinar las que resultan más idóneas para el nuevo modelo a ser propuesto. Con estos objetivos se desarrolló el estudio empírico. Para ello fueron invitados a participar representantes de 105 empresas y expertos de construcción distintos, todos con experiencias de construcción al sector industrial venezolano. Se obtuvieron 112 respuestas en representación de 41 organizaciones y expertos diferentes. El trabajo de campo inició en Junio de 2012 y culminó en Noviembre de 2012. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados con apoyo de técnicas estadísticas descriptivas y multivariables. Los objetivos de la investigación se alcanzaron ya que se logró caracterizar el sector de las construcciones industriales y se propuso un nuevo modelo de gestión del conocimiento adecuado a sus características. El nuevo modelo fue formulado atendiendo a criterios de sencillez, bajos costes y facilidad de adaptación para motivar su utilización en organizaciones de construcción industrial variadas. Con ello se busca que resulte de utilidad aún para las organizaciones más pequeñas, con menores recursos o aquellas que enfrentan entornos constructivos complicados. Por último se presentan algunas sugerencias para motivar la comprensión de los fenómenos estudiados en los grupos de interés de la construcción. Se propone analizar estos problemas desde las etapas iniciales de los estudios de ingeniería, de arquitectura, de construcción, de economía y administración. Igualmente se propone desarrollar acciones conjuntas de parte de los sectores académicos, gubernamentales, industriales y asociaciones para el mejoramiento competitivo y desarrollo sustentable global. La propuesta aporta datos sobre el sector constructivo venezolano en un área que presenta grandes carencias y propone un modelo innovador por su sencillez y orientación hacia el uso diario e intuitivo de los conocimientos como recursos fundamentales para la competitividad. Esta orientación puede tener trascendencia más allá del sector descrito, para apoyar la solución de problemas de otras industrias en entornos globales. ABSTRACT Construction is one of the most valuable activities for society due to the nature of the services offered and the number of jobs and revenues generated. Therefore it is a key element for sustainable development. Construction is a complex industry increasingly dependent on knowledge. Its temporary and fragmentary nature and the high staff turnover present great challenges and particular complications to construction. In some cases these conditions may evolve to serious problems because of the complexity, geographic location or even technical, financial and innovative requirements of each project. Due to their characteristics, constructions frequently undergo changes in planned conditions. Often these changes lead to delays in project completion, costs higher than budgeted and conflicts between clients and performers. This creates problems of competitiveness affecting both developed and developing countries. The construction problems have harmful effects on society, since it loses resources that would otherwise allow better results in terms of quality of life and social and economic benefits. The importance and the enormous resources invested in each project justify the efforts to achieve the best performance of this industry. This interest has guided the development of multiple research efforts to support the achievement of construction performance improvements and sustainable construction. The studies carried out have demonstrated the added value of knowledge in all productive sectors. For construction, knowledge offers performance indicators, data and lessons learned from successes and failures. These should lead to fundamental learning to sustain sector competitiveness. However, despite the available knowledge and advances in techniques and project management control, the recurrence of construction problems is alarming. This problem shows itself severely in industrial construction projects that are developed for the Venezuelan oil, petrochemical and energy sectors. These sectors have evident needs for better competitive performance because of the high incidence of project delays, involving loss of much of the human, financial, technical and knowledge resources invested. This research analyzes the importance of construction and sustainability, the main problems affecting the sector, knowledge and some models available to manage them. It also examines the lessons learned and the productivity and competitiveness, with particular attention to the problems of Venezuelan competitiveness. Additionally, the Venezuelan industrial construction companies are characterized evaluating the implications of knowledge as an strategic asset for construction. Moreover, the research evaluates the dimensions that support knowledge management in these companies, to finally identify those that are the most suitable for the new model to be proposed. With these objectives in mind the empirical study was developed. 105 different companies and experts with Venezuelan industrial construction experiences were invited to participate on the survey. 112 responses were obtained representing 41 different organizations and experts. Fieldwork started in June 2012 and ended in November 2012. The data obtained was analyzed with descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques. The research objectives were achieved since the industrial construction sector was characterized and a new management model was proposed based on the particular characteristics of these companies. The new model was formulated according to the criteria of simplicity, low cost and ease of adaptation. This was performed to motivate the use of the new model in various industrial construction organizations, even in smaller companies, with limited resources or those facing complex construction environments. Finally some suggestions to encourage understanding of the phenomena studied among construction stakeholders were proposed. The importance of studying these problems at an early stage of the engineering, architectural, construction, economic and administration studies is highlighted. Additionally, academic, government, industrial organizations and associations are invited to join efforts to improve the competitive and sustainable global development. The proposal provides data on the Venezuelan construction sector in an area that has large gaps and proposes a model which is innovative for its simplicity and suggests the daily and intuitive use of knowledge resources as a key issue to competitiveness. This orientation may have implications beyond the described sector to support the solution of problems of other industries in a global environment.

A telehealth system for Parkinson's disease remote monitoring. The PERFORM approach.

This paper summarizes the experience and the lessons learned from the European project PERFORM (A sophisticated multi-parametric system FOR the continuous effective assessment and monitoring of motor status in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases). PERFORM is aimed to provide a telehealth system for the remote monitoring of Parkinson's disease patients (PD) at their homes. This paper explains the global experience with PERFORM. It summarizes the technical performance of the system and the feedback received from the patients in terms of usability and wearability.