Configuração do mesossistema entre professores e pais de alunos com deficiência

A relação entre a família e a escola tem sido vista como alicerce fundamental para o bom desempenho escolar, e desenvolvimento dos alunos. O presente estudo apresenta dados de uma pesquisa voltada para análise das relações estabelecidas entre as professoras e os pais de crianças com necessidades especiais que estão matriculadas em uma escola pública da rede municipal de Belém do Pará. Para tal, foram entrevistadas quatro responsáveis e quatro professoras dos respectivos alunos, sendo realizados, posteriormente, grupos focais diferentes para pais e professores. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente, buscando-se investigar a relação em função de três variáveis específicas: o conteúdo, a qualidade e a freqüência dessa relação. Tais variáveis podem ser compreendidas quanto às atividades que os pais fazem junto com a escola, de que maneira realizam tais atividades e com que freqüências o fazem. A análise dos resultados mostrou que a participação familiar na realidade escolar ainda se encontra bastante distante do que poderia ser considerado o ideal, principalmente, quando se trata de inclusão escolar de crianças deficientes, apesar de estar contido no projeto político-pedagógico da escola que é papel da mesma, incentivar a participação da comunidade. Os dados também revelaram que os pais vão pouco à escola, limitandose somente a levar e buscar os alunos e que raramente conversam com as professoras sobre outros assuntos, ficando as trocas verbais predominantemente referentes a algum problema que o aluno tenha apresentado em sala de aula. Apesar dos resultados mostrarem uma realidade amplamente negativa, tanto as professoras quanto os responsáveis acreditam que deve haver participação contínua da família na escola, porém ambos não desenvolvem atividades que propiciem tal aproximação. Em apenas um dos casos, uma professora mostrou desenvolver atividades que trazem a família mais para perto do cotidiano escolar das crianças. Especificamente em relação aos pais de alunos com deficiências, a situação mostra-se bastante parecida aos pais de crianças ditas “normais”, porém além do distanciamento natural, ainda há barreiras atitudinais de preconceito e discriminação para com os alunos deficientes, o que reflete conseqüentemente na relação com estas famílias.

A criança e o adolescente com problemas do desenvolvimento no ambulatório de pediatria

OBJETIVO: revisar a literatura e os princípios básicos sobre o atendimento ambulatorial da criança e do adolescente com alterações no desenvolvimento, salientando os aspectos da prevenção, detecção e intervenção precoce, inclusão e reabilitação. FONTE DE DADOS: pesquisa nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, nas publicações de comitês científicos, de instituições para portadores de necessidades especiais e protocolos sobre assistência ambulatorial em centros de referência para crianças e adolescentes portadores de deficiências. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: esta população-alvo apresenta, além dos problemas de saúde típicos de sua faixa etária, os relacionados à sua patologia de base, ou às conseqüências dessas. Este artigo traz ao pediatra as principais causas de distúrbios de desenvolvimento e as características de cada forma de deficiência, ressaltando os cuidados necessários na sua abordagem nos ambulatórios de pediatria. CONCLUSÕES: o censo brasileiro de 2000 aponta que 14,5% da população brasileira apresenta algum tipo de deficiência, posicionando os problemas de desenvolvimento como um dos mais prevalentes agravos da infância e da adolescência. Assim sendo, todo pediatra há que estar atento ao desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes e aos fatores que possam influir sobre ele. Do pediatra depende a prevenção, o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento em tempo hábil, sendo insubstituível na coordenação da assistência multidisciplinar, bem como na inclusão desta clientela na assistência básica à saúde, fundamentais na definição do prognóstico e da qualidade de vida dos portadores de deficiências.

Radiographic study of dental anomalies in brazilian patients with neuropsychomotor disorders

The purposes of this study were to investigate radiographically the dental and maxillomandibular in patients with neuropsychomotor disorders and determine the role of panoramic radiographs for quantitative and qualitative analyses of dental alterations. A total of 322 panoramic radiographs from 190 males and 132 females aged 4 to 57 years were obtained from the files of the Center for Care to Patients with Special Needs (CAPE; Dental School, University of São Paulo) and subdivided into syndromes, special needs, neurological, neuromuscular or cerebral disorders, and sequels of diseases. 32% of dental alterations were in tooth position, with 69% of this group associated with tooth rotation. The mandible accounted for 54.62% of alterations. The male gender (55.85%) and the permanent dentition (78.7%) were most affected. Panoramic radiographs were proved to be well suited for quantitative evaluation of dental anomalies of epidemiological nature. Panoramic radiographs are important diagnostic resources when applied to patients with special needs because of the difficulty to place intraoral films and held them correctly positioned during the radiographic technique.

Aprendizados com a diferença em uma experiência de paternidade: do testemunho ao cuidado

This essay tells a singular experience of paternity, a parent's relationship to his daughter and learning of a child with special needs. This narrated experience has as an objective of the author's own narration of the transformations of this test, the theoretical features that marked his intellectual trajectory and limits them to express it. From this perspective, this essay seeks to give voice to this unique experience of caring with the goal of establishing a counterpoint with the discourse of inclusion and the specialized knowledge, with a view to a discursive event that produces a philosophical thinking and an apprenticeship with the difference that can promote the self-transformation of individuals who act in this field in their educational action.

Acessibilidade em Ambientes Informacionais Digitais

The current nature of World Wide Web (Web), which highlights the collaborative participation of users in some digital information environments, lead to development of guidelines with a focus on Inclusive Digital Information Architecture for a different audiences in multiples informational ambiences. This research proposes guidelines for a inclusive digital information environment, aiming to identify the elements of accessibility that allow the promotion of inclusion digital information, in order to highlight the references of the Architecture of Digital Information, the international recommendations and the structures representation of information (specially accessibility attributes), with the look of Information Science and New Technologies of Information and Communication. The thesis is as to the need to develop methodologies with guidelines that contemplate the elements of digital accessibility focused on the task of the user. The research problem is that actual methodologies and recommendations used for the development of digital information environments do not cover all the elements of accessibility with a focus on user needs. The proposition is to present, through a methodological approach (exploratory and descriptive), a theoretical-methodological proposal to promote elements of digital accessibility to the development of digital information environments, for users with or without special needs. The overall objective of this study is to contribute to the development of inclusive digital information environments, in perspective of union of theories, recommendations and technologies for the development of digital accessibility guidelines. In a theoretical dimension, the research covers a critical review of the specialized literature in the areas of Information Science and Computer Science and, in the applied part, the analysis and development of a proposal of guidelines for the architecture of a digital information environment with accessibility.

Política de inclusão nas escolas da rede municipal de Rio Claro/SP

A Política Educacional de Inclusão constituiu-se no objeto de investigação, tendo como recorte histórico os marcos legais e as ações desencadeadas pelo poder público, que visavam garantir aos portadores de necessidades especais o direito constitucional à educação, a partir dos anos 1990. A Constituição Federal de 1988 assevera o atendimento educacional especializado aos portadores de deficiência, preferencialmente na rede regular de ensino (art. 208, III) e, posteriormente, a LDBEN 9.394/96, por meio do art. 3o, inciso I e do art. 4 o inciso III e do CAPÍTULO V Da Educação Especial (com três artigos) ratificou e disciplinou os dispositivos constitucionais. Além desses documentos basilares, foram editadas outras medidas legais com o objetivo de disciplinar a questão, além de programas e ações propostas pela Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Alfabetização, Diversidade e Inclusão (SECADI), que substituiu, a partir de 2004, a Secretaria de Educação Especial (SEESP). Os sistemas de ensino, em âmbito estadual e municipal, também procuraram disciplinar a questão da inclusão na rede regular de ensino dos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais. Partindo dessa constatação inicial, uma questão passou a nortear o trabalho: quais as medidas, ações e programas desencadeados pelo poder público municipal para o cumprimento dos preceitos expressos na CF/88, na LDBEN 9.394/96 e na legislação correlata? O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi analisar as atuais políticas públicas de inclusão dos alunos com necessidades especiais na rede regular de ensino, verificando junto ao sistema municipal de educação de Rio Claro/SP quais medidas, ações e programas que foram desencadeados a partir da década de 1990. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, realizada por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Formação inicial de professores de ciências biológicas no contexto da educação inclusiva: o que revelam licenciandos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da acessibilidade aplicado a rodoviária de Aparecida-SP

The aim of this study was to develop a case study of road Aparecida, where it noticed a large movement of people with disabilities who use the road, bound for the city's churches. Another objective was to compare the minimum dimensions established by law, with the dimensions of the spaces (slope of ramps, wide sidewalks, etc.) on the road of Aparecida. Starting from this fact, a study was done on the architectural barriers faced by people with special needs and disabled. It was also made a field survey in order to know the opinion of the users about the accessibility of pregnant elderly and disabled in the road. Technical visits were also made in order to detect sites with access problems with special needs. Also were proposed guidelines for renovation of the building where the road works

Escola Pacheco e Silva anexada ao Hospital de Juqueri (1929-1940)

This article presents the results of research on the Hall-School installed in the Juqueri Hospital, São Paulo, in 1929, by initiative of the psychiatrist Antonio Carlos Pacheco e Silva, and organized by the pediatrician Vicente Baptista da Silva and professors Norberto de Souza Pinto and Celso Guimarães da Fonseca. It is regarded as a real pioneer project for the development of Special Education and of Psychology, formerly named as for the abnormals. One can neatly perceive the change in the treatment of a medical origin only to that of an inclusion of Psychology and Education in the development of children affected by mental deficiency or by psychopathies. The influence of the ideas of educators, such as the ones mentioned above, were fundamental for the changes.

Análise e reflexão sobre a educação especial inclusiva em Maringá/BR e em Guadalajara /ES

The purpose of this study is to know the route of Special Education in different contexts, the city of Maringa/Brazil and Guadalajara/Spain and analyze the bases underlying the organization, structure and operation of this mode of education having as starting point the process inclusive school. This investigation is based on the theoretical and methodological principles of the historical-cultural notion by Vygotsky. He argues that the existence of fundamental principles underlying the development of children with disabilities. If, on the one hand, the disability imposes limitations on the individual, hindering its development, on the other, just by causing difficulties, enables the movement to compensate, increasing the development of other capabilities. The deficit itself is less. Therefore, it is a field research carried out by means of observations, literature search and document analysis in early childhood education institutions visited in the cities mentioned above. The results showed that there are peculiarities of its path, organization and functioning of Special Education in each of the contexts analyzed. Referentemente the inclusive education movement, it is clear that Spain is a precursor of this process therefore has the right conditions in different ways to conduct the service children with special needs, and on the other hand, schools have the resources and specialized materials they need. While in Brazil the operationalization of these measures occurs more slowly. Thus, we can say that this process of inclusive education does not happen in a linear fashion within mainstream schools and so little action in the different forms of special education in two contexts analyzed.

Formação continuada: dialogando com os professores que atuam no ensino infantil e fundamental (Ciclo I) da rede municipal de Bauru/SP

Currently, we can observe a significant increase in the disappointment of the world population about education, which raised doubts about the current school system and resulted in a forced increase of interest in an education reconstruction. The investigation process of this research based itself in the qualitative exploratory approach, since it allows the interpretation of the reality of the investigated environment, and it is concern about the process and not the quantification of data. Five professionals who work for the prefecture in the city of Bauru participated in this study and they graduated in the third module of the continuing education of the department of physical education from UNESP/Bauru, which occur in the second semester of 2010. The purpose of the present study was to identify the reasons why teachers who work for the prefecture in the city of Bauru look for the continuing education in physical education and explore their expectations and perception about the course. Considering the analysis presented in this study, we can observe that the search for continuing education based itself in issues such as: the confusion that exists between theory and practice, where the teachers exemplifies that, after their initial education, theory was not consistent with the real needs of their pedagogical practice; the entry of students younger and younger in the infant and fundamental education; the search for contents that answer the needs of psychomotor development of children between 2 and 5 years old and, at the same time, contents for the inclusion of children with special needs; as well as political pedagogical issues. Even though the reasons presented in this research for the teachers to justify the search for the continuing education in physical education were of distinct natures, at the end we observed that the teachers had their expectations fulfilled, demonstrating that the course of continuing education can be a space of dialog...

Dental care for cerebral palsy patients using auxiliary resources to inhibit pathological tonic reflexes

Cerebral paralysis is a chronic illness that affects the central nervous system. In this article the author describes the techniques used at CAOE (Odontological Center for Assistance to patients with special needs) to restraint CP patients during dental treatment, because they present some pathological reflexes which interfere in their odontological assistance. Also it shows how to perform a special physical restraint and how to keep the mouth open by using simple tools including a homemade one. All the devices used during the dental treatment in cerebral palsy patients, such as the physical restraint with bands or sheet to wrap them up, cylindrical pad or cushion made of a soft material, or simple tools including a homemade one to keep the mouth open are usually and safely used in CAOE. All these simple devices are necessary, because there are no available funds for the acquisition of expensive material or equipment. Despite of a shortage of resources we can easily and efficiently assist these patients.

Avaliação e resolutividade do serviço odontológico no Sistema Único de Saúde

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Programa multidisciplinar para promoção da saúde envolvendo atividade física supervisionada: ações do PAFIPNES na atenção à saúde de mulheres em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de São José do Rio Pardo-SP

The Physical Activity Program for Persons with Special Needs (PAFIPNES) is a extension project developed since 2002, and operates in secondary care to the health of obese, diabetic and hypertensive women. This offer exercise programs supervised by physical education professionals, together with a multidisciplinary health team that works in a Health Basic Unit of São José do Rio Pardo/SP. Their actions included interventions to improve general health status and stimulate the adoption of a more active lifestyle. In addition, the PAFIPNES serves as an internship site for scholars of Physical Education can acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to act on basic health care of patients with Non Communicable Diseases, as mentioned above.

Programa de equoterapia: intervenção com um praticante com deficiência visual

The hippotherapy is a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse within an interdisciplinary approach in the areas of health, education and riding, seeking the biopsychosocial development of people with disabilities and/or special needs. The method generates the practitioner positive effects, such as physical, social and psychological benefits. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations with a practitioner with visual impairment during their participation in a hippotherapy program. The study is characterized by a qualitative and descriptive research, in the form of case study. Data were collected through interviews with the mother of the practitioner and filming, photographs and systematic observation of the sessions. Improvements were found in the behavior of practicing at home, and there was progress in motor performance, and self-confidence generated by the domain horse. It is concluded that the hippotherapy program generated physical, psychological and social benefits to the practitioner.