Microneedle arrays as transdermal and intradermal drug delivery systems: Materials science, manufacture and commercial development

Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, due not only its non-invasive and convenient nature, but also factors such as avoidance of first pass metabolism and prevention of gastrointestinal degradation. It has been demonstrated that microneedle arrays can increase the number of compounds amenable to transdermal delivery by penetrating the skin's protective barrier, the stratum corneum, and creating a pathway for drug permeation to the dermal tissue below. Microneedles have been extensively investigated in recent decades for drug and vaccine delivery as well as minimally invasive patient monitoring/diagnosis. This review focuses on a range of critically important aspects of microneedle technology, namely their material composition, manufacturing techniques, methods of evaluation and commercial translation to the clinic for patient benefit and economic return. Microneedle research and development is finally now at the stage where commercialisation is a realistic possibility. However, progress is still required in the areas of scaled-up manufacture and regulatory approval.

Bauxite residue (Red mud) as a pulverised fuel ash substitute in the manufacture of lightweight aggregate

This study looked at the potential of bauxite residue or red mud to be used in the manufacture of lightweight aggregate in replacement of pulverised fuel ash (PFA), commonly used as a way of recycling problematic wastes. The percentage replacements of red mud with PFA were as follows: 25, 31, 38, 44 and 50%. These were blended in a mix with waste excavated clay and sewage sludge – all from the Chongqing municipality in China. Lightweight pellets were produced using a Trefoil rotary kiln and were sintered to 1200 °C. Results showed that 44 % bauxite residue replacement produced lightweight pellets with the highest compressive strength, highest density and largest water holding capacity. This would be expected in materials with a low level of silicates, which causes insufficient glass phase viscosity and therefore poor bloating during firing; producing an aggregate with a higher density but with open pores that allowed for larger water absorption. All ratios of red mud aggregates were significantly reduced in pH after firing to around pH 8, and this reduced the leachability of the aggregates to levels below those set by the European landfill directive (2003/33/EC).

Integrated functional genomics for improved manufacture of recombinant enveloped virus

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Engineering and Technology Sciences-Biotechnology

Manufacture de Sèvres, salle de la signature de paix [avec les] Turcs : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60257

[Façade de la] manufacture de Sèvres : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60230

A l'intérieur de la manufacture de Sèvres, l'encrier qui avait été commandé par l'Allemagne pour Guillaume II et qui va servir pour la signature de la paix avec les Turcs : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60254

Manufacture de Sèvres, salle de la signature de paix [avec les] Turcs : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60255

Manufacture de Sèvres, salle de la signature de la paix avec la Turquie : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60256

Manufacture de Sèvres [où aura lieu la signature du traité turc le 10 août 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60258

Manufacture de Sèvres [où aura lieu la signature du traité turc le 10 août 1920] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60259

10/8/20, manufacture de Sèvres, signature de la paix turque : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60435

10/8/20, manufacture de Sèvres, signature de la paix turque : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60436

10/8/20, manufacture de Sèvres, signature de la paix turque : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60437