252 resultados para Nader


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Position in the social hierarchy can influence brain dopamine function and cocaine reinforcement in nonhuman primates during early cocaine exposure. With prolonged exposure, however, initial differences in rates of cocaine self-administration between dominant and subordinate monkeys dissipate. The present studies used a choice procedure to assess the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine in group-housed male cynomolgus monkeys with extensive cocaine self-administration histories. Responding was maintained under a concurrent fixed-ratio 50 schedule of food and cocaine (0.003-0.1 mg/kg per injection) presentation. Responding on the cocaine-associated lever increased as a function of cocaine dose in all monkeys. Although response distribution was similar across social rank when saline or relatively low or high cocaine doses were the alternative to food, planned t tests indicated that cocaine choice was significantly greater in subordinate monkeys when choice was between an intermediate dose (0.01 mg/kg) and food. When a between-session progressive-ratio procedure was used to increase response requirements for the preferred reinforcer (either cocaine or food), choice of that reinforcer decreased in all monkeys. The average response requirement that produced a shift in response allocation from the cocaine-associated lever to the food-associated lever was higher in subordinates across cocaine doses, an effect that trended toward significance (p = 0.053). These data indicate that despite an extensive history of cocaine self-administration, most subordinate monkeys were more sensitive to the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine than dominant monkeys.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of ball attachments that had been worn by patients during three periods of clinical use. One hundred forty-four specimens of ball anchor attachments (gold alloy matrix and titanium patrix) were studied by SEM after periods of approximately 1, 3.5, and 8 years of clinical use. Twenty new attachment components were examined as controls. SEM images revealed signs of mechanical wear for the ball attachments studied. The surfaces of the titanium patrix were associated primarily with roughening after short-term use, whereas surfaces of the gold alloy matrix showed wear, roughening, and loss of microscopic material in the form of flakes. Severe mechanical wear on both surfaces was noted after longer periods of use. The mechanical changes were not correlated with patient-mediated observations regarding the time-dependent retentive efficacy of the attachments. One year of clinical wear appeared to have limited effect on the ball attachment tested. Conversely, longer periods of use led to marked modifications in shape of the matrix and patrix components. Int J Prosthodont 2011;24:270-272.

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Mitochondrial diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders due to primary mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA). We studied a male infant with severe congenital encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and myopathy. The patient`s lactic acidosis and biochemical defects of respiratory chain complexes I, III, and IV in muscle indicated that he had a mitochondrial disorder while parental consanguinity suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. Cultured fibroblasts from the patient showed a generalized defect of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Fusion of cells from the patient with 143B206 rho(0) cells devoid of mtDNA restored cytochrome c oxidase activity confirming the nDNA origin of the disease. Our studies indicate that the patient has a novel autosomal recessive defect of mitochondrial protein synthesis. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Utbildningen Vi och vår arbetsplats utgör ett exempel på regional samverkan kring arbetsmiljöarbete. Den ansågs intressant att beskriva och utvärdera med tanke på att förutsättningar för samverkan fanns mellan arbetsplatser, mellan regionala arbetsmiljöaktörer (utbildningsanordnare) samt mellan arbetsplatser och regionala arbetsmiljöaktörer.Syftet är att beskriva och utvärdera arbetsmiljöutbildningen Vi och vår arbetsplats. Frågor som avses att besvara är hur deltagare och kursledning ser på utbildningen, samt hur den kan förbättras, likväl som vilket arbetsmiljöarbete samt vilka kontakter inom arbetsmiljöområdet som kommit till stånd till följd av utbildningen.Vi och vår arbetsplats är en tvådagarsutbildning uppdelad på två kurstillfällen à en dag med en mellanliggande arbetsuppgift. Utbildningen vänder sig till olika arbetsplatser inom en region och förutsätter att en arbetsmiljöansvarig och en personalrepresentant deltar från varje arbetsplats. Ambitionen är att deltagarnas önskemål ska styra innehållet varför kursledningen förutsätts ha en bred kompetens inom arbetsmiljöområdet.Arbetsmiljöansvariga och skyddsombud från åtta arbetsplatser inom Borlänge kommun representerande vård, skola och administration deltog i den studerade utbildningen. Utvärderingen gjordes genom deltagande, enkäter, intervjuer och fokusgrupp.Sammantaget var kursdeltagarna mycket positiva till utbildningen. Framförallt uppskattades att både chef och skyddsombud deltog, att lära sig att arbetsmiljöarbetet är en process, utbytet av erfarenheter samt det psykosociala innehållet. De områden som kunde förbättras var främst lokalerna, samt bättre presentationer och dokumentation till varandra av deltagarnas projektarbeten. Även kursledningen såg utifrån sitt perspektiv områden som kunde utvecklas, t ex samordningen inom kursledningen.Samtliga arbetsplatser hade fortsatt med sina projektarbeten efter utbildningen och därtill bedrivit annat arbetsmiljöarbete. Utbildningen bidrog till att väcka och/eller bibehålla ett engagemang för arbetsmiljöarbete bland kursdeltagarna.Kursdeltagarna började snabbt kommunicera med varandra och utbyta erfarenheter. Även medarbetare till kursdeltagarna blev involverade i arbetsmiljöarbetet och exempel fanns på att effekterna spred sig till närliggande avdelningar.Den övergripande slutsatsen är att utbildningskonceptet Vi och vår arbetsplats är framgångsrikt. Starkt bidragande är att både chefer och skyddsombud från samma arbetsplats deltar. Andra slutsatser är att utbildningen bidrar till att väcka och/eller bibehålla ett engagemang för arbetsmiljöarbete bland kursdeltagarna samt att kommunikation och erfarenhetsutbyte mellan personer på olika arbetsplatser inom arbetsmiljöområdet gynnas av utbildningen.Några förbättringsförslag kan ges för utbildningen Vi och vår arbetsplats sett ur ett regionalt samverkansperspektiv för att stödja arbetsmiljöarbetet. Ett är att i än högre grad applicera innehållet till deltagarnas verksamheter. Ett annat är att inrikta utbildningens innehåll på praktiskt tillämpbar kunskap och den grundläggande arbetsmiljökunskap som då erfodras. Ett tredje är att öka samstämmigheten inom kursledningen avseende mål, pedagogik och roller. Därtill kan kommunikation och erfarenhetsutbyte mellan kursdeltagarna underlättas genom tidig spridning av kontaktuppgifter (e-post), samt dokumentation av arbetsuppgifterna. Slutligen bör den ursprungliga utbildningsplanen kompletteras med en uppföljning efter 3-6 månader och fortsatta möten stödjas.

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I ett antal länder har man på senare tid utvecklat statistiska modeller som ett stöd för förmedlarna att förutsäga vilka arbetslösa som riskerar att bli långtidsarbetslösa, s k profiling. I den här rapporten redovisar vi resultaten av att skatta hasardmodeller för att förutsäga vem som riskerar att bli långtidsarbetslös bland dem som registrerar sig som arbetslösa arbetssökande vid arbetsförmedlingen. Av resultaten framgår det att den skattade modellen lyckas relativt väl med att förutsäga vem som riskerar att bli arbetslös i minst sex månader – träffsäkerheten i prognoser som görs utanför modellens skattningsperiod är nästan 70 %.

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Designers respond to issues and synthesize ideas from throughout the day as voices from the field who directly encounter the need for recently graduated students to possess the ability to investigate and interrogate materials.

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Este livro contém os trabalhos apresentados pelos discentes de programas de pós-graduação strictu sensu do estado de São Paulo durante o I Colóquio, Pesquisa em Direito. A seleção dos discentes e dos textos coube a cada um dos programas de pós-graduação, a partir de um edital preparado em conjunto entre os coordenadores desses programas. É essa seleção que compõe esta obra, editada de forma a oferecer aos leitores cada um dos programas paulistas de pós-graduação em Direito.

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Controvérsias existem sobre os benefícios da hemodiálise de alto fluxo e alta eficiência em relação a hemodiálise convencional. Este estudo compara, através de parâmetros clínicos, laboratoriais, avaliação do sistema nervoso periférico e autônomo, os pacientes em hemodiálise convencional(HDC) e, após, em hemodiálise de alto fluxo e alta eficiência(HDAF), usando os mesmos parâmetros da cinética da uréia, por um período de tempo de 4-8 meses em cada modalidade de tratamento hemodialitico. O sistema nervoso periférico foi avaliado através da miografia e da neurografia de membros superiores e inferiores. O estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca, através de seis índices no domínio do tempo, foi usado para avaliar o sistema nervoso autônomo nestes pacientes. Não houve diferença quanto às manifestações intradialíticas nos dois tipos de hemodiálise e nem alteração dos níveis tensionais no período de acompanhamento. Na avaliação laboratorial, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a HDC e HDAF nos seguintes parâmetros: creatinina(9,6mg/dl±2,3x10,9mg/dl±2,0;p<0,01),reserva alcalina (16,5mEq/l±2,5x18,2mEq/l±2,7; p<0,05), ácido úrico(6,3mg/dl±1,3x7,1mg/dl±1,64;p<0,01), fósforo(6,4mg/dl±1,3x7,2mg/dl ±1,4;p<0,01) e albumina(4,1mg/ml±0,5x3,8mg/ml±0,27;p<0,01). Observou-se melhora significativa da velocidade de condução sensitiva do nervo ulnar na HDAF(40,72m/s±5,11x48,01m/s±7,7;p<0,05). Houve redução significativa da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca nos pacientes urêmicos em hemodiálise, comparativamente ao grupo de indivíduos normais. Concluiu-se que não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros clínicos entre os dois tipos de hemodiálise. Observou-se redução significativa da albumina na HDAF, bem como aumento significativo da creatinina, reserva alcalina, fósforo e ácido úrico. Houve melhora significativa da velocidade de condução sensitiva do nervo ulnar nos pacientes em HDAF. Os pacientes em hemodiálise apresentam deterioração significativa do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo comparativamente ao grupo controle.

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Apesar da diversidade de suas estratégias, os retornos dos fundos de investimentos multimercado geralmente exibem correlação positiva com índices de bolsa. Por outro lado, fundos de categorias distintas tendem a ser menos correlacionados entre si se comparados a fundos de mesma categoria. A ideia de diversificação entre fundos de baixa correlação é discutida recorrentemente pela literatura. Na prática, porém, poucos alocadores de portfólios otimizam suas carteiras através das linhas de Markowitz (1953) por exemplo. O objetivo deste estudo é buscar identificar o ponto ótimo de diversificação de ativos (fundos de investimentos) dentro de uma mesma categoria. Como metodologia, buscaremos a minimização do risco idiossincrático dos fundos de investimentos através de simulações com outros fundos de mesma categoria. O estudo contém análises para a escolha do número ideal de ativos em um dado portfólio. Esses resultados beneficiariam, principalmente, o processo decisório das empresas de Wealth Managements, das Consultorias de Investimentos e dos Private Bankers.

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Leishmaniasis are endemic diseases wild spread in the New and Old World, caused by the flagelated protozoan Leishmania. In the New World, the distribution of different forms of leishmaniasis is mostly in tropical regions. In the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil, 85% of the captured sand flies fauna is Lutzomyia longipalpis. The distribution of the sand fly vector in the state overlaps with the disease distribution, where the presence of sand flies is associated with presence of animals shelters. The aim of this study was to analyse the blood meal preference of sand flies vector from the genus Lutzomyia spp. in laboratory conditions, to verify the vector life cicle at different temperatures sets and to identify the main blood meal source in endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) at peri-urban regions of Natal. Sand flies samples were collected from the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante and Nísia Floresta where female sand flies were grouped for the colony maintenance in the laboratory and for the analysis of the preferred source of sand fly blood meal in natural environment. The prevalence of blood meal preference and oviposition for the females sand flies was 97% for Cavia porcellus with oviposition of 19 eggs/female; 97% for Eqqus caballus with 19 eggs/female; 98% for human blood with 14 eggs/female; 71.3% for Didelphis albiventris with 8.4 eggs/female; 73% for Gallus gallus with 14 eggs/female; 86% for Canis familiaris with 10.3 eggs/female; 81.4% for Galea spixii with 26 eggs/female; 36% for Callithrix jachus with 15 eggs/female; 42.8% for Monodelphis domestica with 0% of oviposition. Female sand flies did not take a blood meal from Felis catus. Sand flies life cycle ranged from 32-40 days, with 21-50 oviposition rates approximately. This study also showed that at 32°C the life cycle had 31 days, at 28° C it had 50 days and at 22°C it increased to 79 days. Adjusting the temperature to 35°C the eggs did not hatch, thus blocking the life cycle. A total of 1540 sand flies were captured, among them, 1.310 were male and 230 were female. Whereas 86% of the sand flies captured were Lu. longipalpis as compared to 10.5% for Lu. evandroi and, 3.2% for L. lenti and 0.3% for Lu whitmani. The ratio between female and male sandfly was approximately 6 males to 1 female. In Nísia Floresta, 50.7% of the collected females took their blood meal from armadillo, 12.8% from human. Among the female sand flies captured in São Gonçalo do Amarante, 80 of them were tested for the Leishmania KDNA infectivity where 5% of them were infected with Leishmania chagasi. Female Lutzomyia spp. showed to have an opportunistic blood meal characteristic. The behavioral parameters seem to have a higher influence in the oviposition when compared to the level of total proteins detected in the host s bloodstream. A higher Lu. longipalpis life cycle viability was observed at 28°C. The increase of temperature dropped the life cycle time, which means that the life cycle is modified by temperature range, source of blood meal and humidity. Lu longipalpis was the most specie found in the inner and peridomiciliar environment. In Nísia Floresta, armadillos were the main source of blood meal for Lutzomyia spp. At São Gonçalo do Amarante, humans were the main source of blood meal due to CDC nets placed inside their houses