DENSIFICACION URBANA: POTENCIAL DE DESARROLLO DE AREAS VACANTES.PROPUESTA DE NUEVAS HERRAMIENTAS VALORATIVAS. Acercamientos alternativos al fenómeno del crecimiento. Estudio de casos. Relevamiento y registro gráfico-conceptual.

La ciudad compacta, se ha dispersado en fragmentos deshilvanando el tejido social en fracciones desconectadas del sentido más profundo de lo urbano. Una realidad plena de contradicciones acumula experiencias ajenas a los modelos teóricos de profesionales y de la gestión pública. Los conflictos de la ciudad superan la planificación, siendo la renta del suelo el único paradigma del desarrollo urbano. La presente Investigación pretende reflexionar acerca de las metodologías de trabajo y los instrumentos posibilitantes de una urbanidad sustentable abordando una crítica al actual paradigma de desarrollo urbano. Se pretende el relevamiento de los sectores conpotencial de cambio (fragmentos urbanos, espacios vacantes, áreas degradadas, etc.) transfiriéndolos a una base de datos digitalizada, que pueda convertirse en un instrumento disciplinar y académico Hipótesis Las posibilidades de revisión del modelo de crecimiento extensivo de baja densidad se producen con mayor intensidad en las áreas vacantes de la ciudad. El potencial de los grandes espacios vacantes de la ciudad es definido por la especulación e intereses de los emprendedores que actúan en el mercado. El Código Normativo es el instrumento que consolida este modelo operativo Objetivos �Promover el análisis y crítica de la ciudad y su territorio, a los efectos de posibilitar un proyecto disciplinar con una urbanidad sustentable. �Proponer herramientas de análisis que permita operar de manera eficiente sobre la dinámica de crecimiento. �Elaborar una base digital de datos como instrumento operativo, que favorezca a la comprensión de fenómenos complejos Materiales y métodos a utilizar 1. Recopilación de datos y estudios bibliográficos para definir el marco conceptual y elaboración de metodos de análisis de espacios vacantes. 2. Estudio y análisis de las normativas vigentes 3. Identificación de espacios vacantes de la ciudad de Córdoba, identificando problemas de fragmentación y dispersión urbana y social: técnicas de muestreo. 4. Relevamiento y registro de campo. 5. Experiencia proyectual en la carrera Resultados esperados -Caracterización de fragmentos urbanos de la ciudad de Córdoba -Registro en base de datos identificando fragmentos urbanos de la Ciudad de Córdoba -Elaboración gráficos conceptuales y modelización en 3D -Resultados de experiencia piloto Importancia del proyecto Considerando el crecimiento de la ciudad de Córdoba, la crisis de las infraestructuras a la degradación de los espacios urbanos, la falta de una planificación sustentable y la desactualización de las Normativas Vigentes, se hace necesario la reflexión en el ámbito académico Pertinencia Contar con documentación real y confiable es prioritaria para la gestión de la ciudad, posibilitando articular problemas y oportunidades. Desde el campo metodológico brinda la posibilidad de formar una base teórica suceptible de relacionar la crítica y el proyecto.

Conceptual Foundations of Modelling of Innovative Production Projects

At the moment there is a lack of methodological approaches to formalization of management of innovative projects relating to production systems, as well as to adaptation and practical use of the existing approaches. This article is about one potential approach to the management of innovative projects, which makes the building of innovative process models possible based on objective approach. It outlines the frameworks for the building of innovative project models, and describes the method of transition from conceptual modelling to innovative project management. In this case, the model alone and together with parameters used for evaluation of the project may be unique and depends on the special features of the project, preferences of decision-making person, and production and economic system in which it is to be implemented. Unlike existing approaches, this concept does not place any restrictions on types of models and makes it possible to take into account the specificities of economic and production systems. Principles embodied in the model allow its usage as a basis for simulation model to be used in one of specialized simulation systems, as well as for information system providing information support of decision-making process in production and economic systems both newly developed by the company (enterprise) and designed on the basis of available information systems that interact through the exchange of data. In addition, this article shows that the development of conceptual foundations of innovative project management in the economic and production systems is inseparable from the development of the theory of industrial control systems, and their comprehensive study may be reduced to a set of elements represented as certain algorithms, models and evaluations. Thus, the study of innovative process may be conducted in both directions: from general to particular, and vice versa.

Distribuição geográfica potencial de espécies americanas do caranguejo "violinista" (Uca spp.) (Crustacea, Decapoda) com base em modelagem de nicho ecológico

Caranguejos do gênero Uca Leach, 1814 (caranguejo "violinista") são um grupo bem conhecido e caracterizado por um acentuado dimorfismo sexual e assimetria da quela do macho. Atualmente, estão descritas 97 espécies no mundo. Objetivou-se estimar a distribuição geográfica potencial de 4 espécies do gênero Uca que ocorrem na costa do continente Americano: Uca maracoani Latreille, 1802-1803, U. uruguayensis Nobili, 1901, U. panacea Novak & Salmon, 1974 e U. monilifera Rathbun, 1914. Para modelar a distribuição dessas espécies nas Américas foram utilizados pontos de ocorrência compilados da literatura. Para a modelagem foram utilizados os programas Maxent e GARP a partir de 10 variáveis climáticas e três variáveis topográficas. Todas as variáveis foram convertidas para uma malha com resolução de 0,0417 graus. Nos dois modelos (Maxent e GARP) as espécies apresentaram distribuição geográfica maior do que sugerido por outros trabalhos de registro de ocorrência, com exceção de U. monilifera. Segundo o critério de área sob a curva (AUC), os modelos gerados pelo GARP apresentaram melhores resultados do que os modelos do Maxent. Entretanto, avaliando em conjunto os resultados dos dois modelos é possível melhor estabelecer planos de conservação para espécies com habitat restrito (U. panaceae e U. monilifera), além de recomendar um aumento na amostragem de U. maracoani no nordeste brasileiro e U. uruguyaensis no sudeste brasileiro, a fim de detectar possíveis aumentos na sua distribuição geográfica com base nas predições dos modelos de nicho.

Modelagem de ocorrência e densidade de juvenis de Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda, Portunidae) em dois estuários do Rio Grande do Sul, com dados zero-inflacionados

Dados de contagem de juvenis de siri-azul (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896) coletados em dois estuários do Rio Grande do Sul são objeto do presente estudo. Por se encontrarem zero-inflacionados, esses dados motivaram a formulação de modelos hierárquicos, que quantificam o efeito das covariáveis categóricas mês e local sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência e densidade dessas populações, levando em conta a detecção imperfeita. Foram também desenvolvidos modelos não-hierárquicos para comparação. Uma abordagem Bayesiana foi adotada para a estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos por simulação Monte Carlo com Cadeias de Markov (MCMC). A comparação entre modelos foi feita com o Critério de Informação da Deviância (DIC). Os modelos hierárquicos apresentaram ajustes melhores que os modelos convencionais, mitigaram o problema do excesso de zeros e permitiram analisar simultaneamente as probabilidades de ocorrência e a densidade de juvenis de siri-azul. No estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a probabilidade de ocorrência de juvenis na Classe 2 aumenta com a distância da desembocadura, enquanto em Tramandaí os pontos intermediários apresentam as maiores probabilidades. Em ambos os estuários a ocorrência é mais provável nos meses de verão e de inverno. A densidade de juvenis da Classe 2 apresenta marcada variação em relação aos meses do ano sendo, em geral, maior no estuário de Tramandaí.

Sport, immigration and multiculturality: a conceptual analysis

Paper given by Chris Kennett at the European Forum: Culture, Sport and Proximity held in Almería on the 5 May 2005 and promoted by the Diputación Provincial de Almería. The paper explores the key concepts that comprise the social policy discourse related to immigration and how these relate to sports provision. The potential role for sport in the integration of immigrants is considered, as well as the risks of sports as a potentially divisive force, particularly in terms of racism. This discussion leads to the consideration of the need for intercultural dialogue through sport in order to contribute to the achievement of the sustainable integration of immigrant groups. In order to achieve this goal, research is called for into the needs of immigrant groups as a key phase in the development of sports policy.

Esport, immigració i multiculturalitat: una anàlisi conceptual

Text de la ponència presentada pel doctor Chris Kennett al “Foro Europeo: Cultura, Deporte y Proximidad” organitzat per la Diputación Provincial de Almería i celebrat a Almeria el 5 de maig de 2005. El text examina els conceptes clau que comprèn el discurs polític social relacionat amb la immigració i com es relacionen aquests conceptes amb l’esport. Es té en compte el paper potencial que juga l’esport en la integració dels immigrants i els riscs dels esports com a força potencialment divisiva, sobretot pel que fa al racisme. Aquesta discussió porta a considerar la necessitat de diàleg intercultural a través de l’esport per tal de contribuir a aconseguir una integració sostenible dels grups immigrants. Per tal d’assolir aquest objectiu, cal fer una recerca sobre les necessitats dels grups immigrants, ja que és una fase clau en el desenvolupament de la política de l’esport.

Marco conceptual y metodológico para un estudio sobre las tareas de traducción e interpretación desempeñadas en el ámbito laboral

El treball pretent establir les bases conceptuals i metodològiques per poder estudiar l’activitat dels traductors i intèrprets realitzada en l’àmbit laboral. En la primera part acunyem el terme “tasca de traducció i interpretació” aplicat a l’anàlisi de l’activitat laboral i analitzem distints contexts d’ús del dit terme. La segona part contè una anàlisi de la metodologia d’enquesta en Traductologia i camps afins, i a més una proposta del diseny d’un estudi empíric amb l’aplicació de l’enquesta sobre tasques de traducció i interpretació exercides en l’àmbit laboral.

Avoidance Policies – A New Conceptual Framework

This paper develops a general theoretical framework within which a heterogeneous group taxpayers confront a market that supplies a variety of schemes for reducing tax liability, and uses this framework to explore the impact of a wide range of anti-avoidance policies. Schemes differ in their legal effectiveness and hence in the risks to which they expose taxpayers - risks which go beyond the risk of audit considered in the conventional literature on evasion. Given the individual taxpayer’s circumstances, the prices charged for the schemes and the policy environment, the model predicts (i) whether or not any given taxpayer will acquire a scheme, and (ii) if they do so, which type of scheme they will acquire. The paper then analyses how these decisions, and hence the tax gap, are influenced by four generic types of policy: Disclosure – earlier information leading to faster closure of loopholes; Penalties – introduction of penalties for failed avoidance; Policy Design – fundamental policy changes that design out opportunities for avoidance; Product Register - the introduction of GAARs or mini-GAARs that give greater clarity about how different types of scheme will be treated. The paper shows that when considering the indirect/behavioural effects of policies on the tax gap it is important to recognise that these operate on two different margins. First policies will have deterrence effects – their impact on the quantum of taxpayers choosing to acquire different types schemes as distinct to acquiring no scheme at all. There will be a range of such deterrence effects reflecting the range of schemes available in the market. But secondly, since different schemes generate different tax gaps, policies will also have switching effects as they induce taxpayers who previously acquired one type of scheme to acquire another. The first three types of policy generate positive deterrence effects but differ in the switching effects they produce. The fourth type of policy produces mixed deterrence effects.

Análisis de l'utilitat d'una plataforma digital sincrónica i de l'apropiació conceptual del professorat dels Camps d'Aprenentatge en el marc d'un curs de formació permanent

El projecte pretenia analitzar com l'ús de les noves tecnologies incideixen en un procés de formació permanent per afavorir la participació i l’apropiació de les noves mirades als fenòmens, la innovació en didàctica de les ciències experimentals i les ciències socials. El projecte ha tingut una durada d'un any i s'ha realitzat a Catalunya. En el projecte han intervingut tres formadors de la UAB i els Camps d'Aprenentatge depenents del Departament d'Educació. El desenvolupament del projecte ha tingut lloc en base als materials elaborats o transcrits durant diferents sessions virtuals, en les que s'ha utilitzat una plataforma sincrònica, i en diferents sessions presencials. Els resultats del projecte mostren que tot i que el canvi de les mirades sobre els fenòmens del món és un procés lent, l'us de la plataforma combinada amb sessions presencials, i l'anàlisi i la discussió dels resultats amb els formadors, afavoreix aquest procés de canvi.

Complex landslide behaviour and structural controlled by the structures: A 3D conceptual model example of Åknes rockslide, Norway

Åknes is an active complex large rockslide of approximately 30?40 Mm3 located within the Proterozoic gneisses of western Norway. The observed surface displacements indicate that this rockslide is divided into several blocks moving in different directions at velocities of between 3 and 10 cm year?1. Because of regional safety issues and economic interests this rockslide has been extensively monitored since 2004. The understanding of the deformation mechanism is crucial for the implementation of a viable monitoring system. Detailed field investigations and the analysis of a digital elevation model (DEM) indicate that the movements and the block geometry are controlled by the main schistosity (S1) in gneisses, folds, joints and regional faults. Such complex slope deformations use pre-existing structures, but also result in new failure surfaces and deformation zones, like preferential rupture in fold-hinge zones. Our interpretation provides a consistent conceptual three-dimensional (3D) model for the movements measured by various methods that is crucial for numerical stability modelling. In addition, this reinterpretation of the morphology confirms that in the past several rockslides occurred from the Åknes slope. They may be related to scars propagating along the vertical foliation in folds hinges. Finally, a model of the evolution of the Åknes slope is presented.

A conceptual framework to assess the effectiveness of HIV prevention

Aim: The relative effectiveness of different methods of prevention of HIV transmission is a subject of debate that is renewed with the integration of each new method. The relative weight of values and evidence in decision-making is not always clearly defined. Debate is often confused, as the proponents of different approaches address the issue at different levels of implementation. This paper defines and delineates the successive levels of analysis of effectiveness, and proposes a conceptual framework to clarify debate. Method / Issue: Initially inspired from work on contraceptive effectiveness, a first version of the conceptual framework was published in 1993 with definition of the Condom Effectiveness Matrix (Spencer, 1993). The framework has since integrated and further developed thinking around distinctions made between efficacy and effectiveness and has been applied to HIV prevention in general. Three levels are defined: theoretical effectiveness (ThE), use-effectiveness (UseE) and population use-effectiveness (PopUseE). For example, abstinence and faithfulness, as proposed in the ABC strategy, have relatively high theoretical effectiveness but relatively low effectiveness at subsequent levels of implementation. The reverse is true of circumcision. Each level is associated with specific forms of scientific enquiry and associated research questions: basic and clinical sciences with ThE; clinical and social sciences with UseE; epidemiology and social, economic and political sciences with PopUseE. Similarly, the focus of investigation moves from biological organisms, to the individual at the physiological and then psychological, social and ecological level, and finally takes as perspective populations and societies as a whole. The framework may be applied to analyse issues on any approach. Hence, regarding consideration of HIV treatment as a means of prevention, examples of issues at each level would be: ThE: achieving adequate viral suppression and non-transmission to partners; UseE: facility and degree of adherence to treatment and medical follow-up; PopUseE: perceived validity of strategy, feasibility of achieving adequate population coverage. Discussion: Use of the framework clarifies the questions that need to be addressed at all levels in order to improve effectiveness. Furthermore, the interconnectedness and complementary nature of research from the different scientific disciplines and the relative contribution of each become apparent. The proposed framework could bring greater rationality to the prevention effectiveness debate and facilitate communication between stakeholders.

Anàlisi automatitzada d'un corpus sincrònic bilingüe (castellà, anglès) sobre Cultura de Pau: xarxa conceptual, equivalències i col·locacions del terme "pau"

Mitjançant el mètode de treball terminològic proposat per la Teoria Comunicativa de la Terminologia (TCT) es realitza una anàlisi d'un corpus bilingüe ad hoc sobre Cultura de Pau per establir el mapa de la xarxa conceptual del terme "pau" i les seves col·locacions en castellà i anglès. Aquestes s'obtenen mitjançant un sistema d'extracció de terminologia. Aquest treball pretén ser una primera aproximació a la terminologia de la Cultura de Pau. L'estudi es realitza des d'un punt de vista interdisciplinari tenint en compte les aportacions teòriques procedents de la TCT, la lingüística de corpus i les xarxes conceptuals

Ambulatory healthcare information system: a conceptual framework

Despite the tremendous amount of data collected in the field of ambulatory care, political authorities still lack synthetic indicators to provide them with a global view of health services utilization and costs related to various types of diseases. Moreover, public health indicators fail to provide useful information for physicians' accountability purposes. The approach is based on the Swiss context, which is characterized by the greatest frequency of medical visits in Europe, the highest rate of growth for care expenditure, poor public information but a lot of structured data (new fee system introduced in 2004). The proposed conceptual framework is universal and based on descriptors of six entities: general population, people with poor health, patients, services, resources and effects. We show that most conceptual shortcomings can be overcome and that the proposed indicators can be achieved without threatening privacy protection, using modern cryptographic techniques. Twelve indicators are suggested for the surveillance of the ambulatory care system, almost all based on routinely available data: morbidity, accessibility, relevancy, adequacy, productivity, efficacy (from the points of view of the population, people with poor health, and patients), effectiveness, efficiency, health services coverage and financing. The additional costs of this surveillance system should not exceed Euro 2 million per year (Euro 0.3 per capita).

Conceptual models for designing information systems supporting the strategic analysis of technology environments

1 6 STRUCTURE OF THIS THESIS -Chapter I presents the motivations of this dissertation by illustrating two gaps in the current body of knowledge that are worth filling, describes the research problem addressed by this thesis and presents the research methodology used to achieve this goal. -Chapter 2 shows a review of the existing literature showing that environment analysis is a vital strategic task, that it shall be supported by adapted information systems, and that there is thus a need for developing a conceptual model of the environment that provides a reference framework for better integrating the various existing methods and a more formal definition of the various aspect to support the development of suitable tools. -Chapter 3 proposes a conceptual model that specifies the various enviromnental aspects that are relevant for strategic decision making, how they relate to each other, and ,defines them in a more formal way that is more suited for information systems development. -Chapter 4 is dedicated to the evaluation of the proposed model on the basis of its application to a concrete environment to evaluate its suitability to describe the current conditions and potential evolution of a real environment and get an idea of its usefulness. -Chapter 5 goes a step further by assembling a toolbox describing a set of methods that can be used to analyze the various environmental aspects put forward by the model and by providing more detailed specifications for a number of them to show how our model can be used to facilitate their implementation as software tools. -Chapter 6 describes a prototype of a strategic decision support tool that allow the analysis of some of the aspects of the environment that are not well supported by existing tools and namely to analyze the relationship between multiple actors and issues. The usefulness of this prototype is evaluated on the basis of its application to a concrete environment. -Chapter 7 finally concludes this thesis by making a summary of its various contributions and by proposing further interesting research directions.