Mudan��as na pol��tica econ��mica s��o destaques nas redes sociais

Coordenador de pesquisas da FGV/DAPP, Rafael Martins de Souza, analisa mudan��as na pol��tica econ��mica brasileira.

Divulga����o dos resultados do Enem ganha destaque nas redes sociais

A abertura de consultas no Sisu e a expectativa para a divulga����o dos resultados do ENEM 2014 mobilizam as redes desde ontem. De acordo com monitoramento realizado pela Diretoria de An��lise de Pol��ticas P��blicas da FGV, o tema educa����o registrou um aumento de cinco vezes em rela����o ao domingo, volume que deve se multiplicar ao longo desta ter��a-feira.

O que explica a reduzida taxa de desemprego no Brasil no in��cio do s��culo XXI

A taxa de desemprego no Brasil sofreu redu����o significativa do come��o do s��culo XXI at�� o fim do ano de 2014. No entanto, esta redu����o significativa n��o foi acompanhada do esperado crescimento econ��mico disposto na teoria. Desta forma, constata-se que embora a taxa de desemprego tenha se reduzido, n��o necessariamente as pessoas estavam trabalhando e produzindo. Procurar�� se entender os fatores que influenciaram esta trajet��ria de redu����o da taxa de desemprego por meio de influ��ncia na PEA e no n��mero de admiss��es de empregados, que aproximaremos �� oferta e �� demanda por m��o de obra. Ou seja, pretende-se verificar as vari��veis que influenciaram uma poss��vel redu����o da oferta de trabalho, assim como uma maior demanda por trabalho, resultantes em uma redu����o da taxa de desemprego. Ser��o consideradas vari��veis de renda, de transfer��ncia de renda, de educa����o e de crescimento econ��mico na an��lise das influ��ncias da baixa taxa de desemprego. Com base em um modelo vetor de corre����o de erros (VEC) pretende-se identificar quais vari��veis efetivamente afetaram o panorama do desemprego.

Como foi o debate nas redes sociais nestes dias decisivos

Os cerca de 1 milh��o de men����es relacionadas ao impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff, coletadas em 24 horas entre o s��bado (16) e o meio-dia de domingo (17), confirmam a polariza����o tradicional entre governistas e opositores, por��m complementada por um terceiro polo, de orienta����o mais pr��xima aos cr��ticos do impeachment - sem, no entanto, aderir a esse grupo.

Direitos sociais e Bolsa Fam��lia na ordem constitucional brasileira: virtudes e fragilidades de um "meta-direito"

Apesar de uma Constitui����o carregada de direitos sociais visando �� transforma����o da sociedade brasileira, foi somente a partir de 2003 que o pa��s ganhou destaque internacional nas a����es de combate �� pobreza e desigualdade, tornando-se uma refer��ncia. O grande protagonista teria sido o Programa Bolsa Fam��lia (PBF), um programa de transfer��ncia de renda condicionada que, combinado aos direitos sociais, teria permitido o al��vio imediato de situa����es de extrema pobreza, mas tamb��m o desenvolvimento do capital humano atingindo resultados positivos multidimensionais nos seus mais de 10 anos de exist��ncia. Tal processo iniciou um debate acerca da necessidade de institucionalizar o programa como uma pol��tica de Estado, que para alguns interlocutores significaria transformar o PBF em um ���direito��� aos moldes dos direitos sociais, impondo uma obriga����o aos governos futuros. Diante disso, este trabalho busca identificar, do ponto de vista jur��dico e comparado aos direitos sociais, quais as vantagens e desvantagens do PBF na sua configura����o atual. Compondo o movimento que busca compreender o papel do direito nas pol��ticas p��blicas, adotando uma abordagem intra e interdisciplinar, e uma perspectiva funcional; a reflex��o �� alicer��ada em tr��s ���eixos���: a cidadania, a judicializa����o e a vincula����o or��ament��ria. Esse ���trip����� foi escolhido em fun����o da estrutura constitucional acerca dos direitos sociais, que em uma leitura funcional representam uma obriga����o de fazer ao Estado para a concretiza����o de uma no����o de cidadania abrangente; uma dota����o or��ament��ria vinculativa, garantido que parte da receita ser�� destinada a a����es de cumprimento dessas obriga����es; e os instrumentos para adjudica����o, permitindo a exig��ncia dessas a����es estatais pelos cidad��os. Assim, este trabalho n��o buscar descrever ou tentar prescrever a natureza ou alcance das obriga����es que a transforma����o do PBF em direito geraria ao Estado; mas sim refletir sobre as vantagens e desvantagens dessa eventual mudan��a do programa diante das caracter��sticas estruturais do pa��s, do modelo de sociedade abstratamente desenhado na lei maior e de nossa cultura jur��dica acerca dos direitos sociais.

Juventude e vulnerabilidade social :no contexto intra-urbano de Natal, RN

The use of the term social vulnerability in the study of the reproduction of the social inequalities in Brazil, still, is recent. The social vulnerability is linked to the indicators of social risk. The work approaches the youth's social vulnerability and your relationship with the education, considering the youth a, among other groups socially excluded, vulnerable, in the Brazilian metropolises. It is guided by the methodological theoretical formulations on this thematic one developed by the Rede Metr��poles in the ambit of the project, " Observatory of the Metropolises: territory, social cohesion and democratic governability ( Project Millennium CNPq) and your unfoldings in the Natal group. Empirically, forehead a methodological proposal - still in construction - and it accomplishes a " pilot " study for the city of Natal with base in the data of the Census of IBGE 2000, that proposes mensurar the importance of the social characteristics of the neighborhood on the considered youths' educational acting those that are in the strip from 15 to 24 years. It considers that the youths' educational " earnings as being influenced not only for the social context of the family, also, for your space location in the city - social context of the neighborhood. With base in the results can verify that the youths of the city of Natal present situations of social vulnerability so much in the ambit of the family as expresses in the social space of the neighborhood. Such vulnerability are verified in the low educational indexes, in the high unemployment rates and in the presented social conditions of the researched areas. The youths, residents of those neighborhoods, they are considered vulnerable socially because original of a precarious source of " assets " and opportunities. There is in Natal a low " structure of assets and opportunities " - accessible to the youth

Mortalidade infantil e condições socioecon��micas nas microrregi��es do Nordeste Brasileiro

The study aims to answer the following question: what are the different profiles of infant mortality, according to demographic, socioeconomic, infrastructure and health care, for the micro-regions at the Northeast of Brazil? Thus, the main objective is to analyze the profiles or typologies associated mortality levels sociodemographic conditions of the micro-regions, in the year 2010. To this end, the databases of birth and death certificates of SIM and SINASC (DATASUS/MS), were taken from the 2010 population Census microdata and from SIDRA/IBGE. As a methodology, a weighted multiple linear regression model was used in the analysis in order to find the most significant variables in the explanation child mortality for the year 2010. Also a cluster analysis was performed, seeking evidence, initially, of homogeneous groups of micro-regions, from of the significant variables. The logit of the infant mortality rate was used as dependent variable, while variables such as demographic, socioeconomic, infrastructure and health care in the micro-regions were taken as the independent variables of the model. The Bayesian estimation technique was applied to the database of births and deaths, due to the inconvenient fact of underreporting and random fluctuations of small quantities in small areas. The techniques of Spatial Statistics were used to determine the spatial behavior of the distribution of rates from thematic maps. In conclusion, we used the method GoM (Grade of Membership), to find typologies of mortality, associated with the selected variables by micro-regions, in order to respond the main question of the study. The results points out to the formation of three profiles: Profile 1, high infant mortality and unfavorable social conditions; Profile 2, low infant mortality, with a median social conditions of life; and Profile 3, median and high infant mortality social conditions. With this classification, it was found that, out of 188 micro-regions, 20 (10%) fits the extreme profile 1, 59 (31.4%) was characterized in the extreme profile 2, 34 (18.1%) was characterized in the extreme profile 3 and only 9 (4.8%) was classified as amorphous profile. The other micro-regions framed up in the profiles mixed. Such profiles suggest the need for different interventions in terms of public policies aimed to reducing child mortality in the region

Envelhecer entre p��ssaros e anjos: um estudo etnogr��fico sobre o processo sa��de doen��a do idoso no contexto familiar

Study, a descriptive-like one, is guided by ethnographic principles which have analyzed the elderly within the familiar context in his/her process of health and aging, in the neighborhood called Felipe Camar��o, located in the western administrative region of Natal, RN, a Northeastern city of Brazil. The participants are elders aging 61 to 84 years old, living in this referring neighborhood, whose majority is constituted of migrants from the rural region of the state of the RN, retired, including widows, widowers and married couples, with low school-educational degree. For the information gathering it was utilized a semi-structured interview, the participant observation and the field diary, being put into effect, in majority, in the houses and in the Family Health Unit, in a period between March and October of 2006. For the results discussion it was utilized an analysis of thematic content and the program ALCESTE (In Portuguese, An��lise L��xica por Contexto de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto or Lexical Analysis by Context of a Set of Text Segments), which through have emerged two corpus: the corpus I, Family and the elderly, and corpus II, The elderly and the aging within society. The analysis of the results has permitted to conclude that the family, also used by the public policies as a strategy of their practices in health, it is a necessary base support for the elderly citizen in his/her process of aging and of health. The elders familiar contexts have allowed this study to identify the existence of minimal social conditions of life, of new rearrangements of the current families by means of the plurigenerational acquaintanceship and the active presence of the elderly woman as a maintainer of this family; also by means of conflicted relationships among one another but in a bearable level of acquaintanceship. Different conceptions about the aging and the elderly generate disagreement and divergency however the family support and help for the solving of these problems and the attention to health are proceeding from the family components. However, it is noticed that loneliness is something present in these elder s everyday lives. About the attention to health, in a basic level of it, it was noticed that there are still a lot of gaps, mainly concerning promotional and preventing actions, deserving a higher sensitization and effort by the local health institutions

O cuidar de enfermagem e da fam��lia �� pessoa idosa no domic��lio: uma abordagem etnogr��fica

O envelhecimento �� um processo multidimensional que envolve entre outros os aspectos f��sico-biol��gicos, sociais, econ��micos e psicol��gicos. Ao avaliar essa fase da vida dentro de uma vis��o social e cultural, percebe-se que ser idoso ou n��o varia com as concep����es culturais, sendo necess��rio investigar as varia����es que atuam no processo e rege o fen��meno sociocultural da realidade em que se est�� inserido. Com o aumento da popula����o idosa mundial, esse processo tende a se intensificar. Estima-se que at�� em 2050 existam cerca de dois bilh��es de pessoas com mais de 60 anos no mundo, e a maioria delas vivendo em pa��ses em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, acredita-se que existam, atualmente, cerca de 20 milh��es de idosos. A normatiza����o e legisla����o brasileira de amparo ao idoso em rela����o �� sa��de iniciaram-se a partir da Constitui����o Federal de 1988 e da Lei 8080 que regulamenta o Sistema ��nico de Sa��de em 1990, em seus n��veis de complexidade: aten����o b��sica, m��dia e alta complexidade. Para auxiliar nessa presta����o dos servi��os na aten����o b��sica de sa��de �� importante observar as condições sociais, culturais, econ��micas e de sa��de dos idosos e seus familiares. Nesse sentido, a visita ao domic��lio e a avalia����o deste idoso em seu ambiente dom��stico torna-se fundamental para acompanhar o cuidar prestado e o quanto esse processo ir�� interferir no sistema de sa��de, na fam��lia e na qualidade de vida dos idosos. Neste contexto, o enfermeiro como integrante da Equipe de Sa��de da Fam��lia, presta assist��ncia �� sa��de do idoso no domic��lio. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo �� analisar o cuidado de enfermagem e da fam��lia �� pessoa idosa no domic��lio com vistas �� identifica����o das influ��ncias socioculturais. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa, norteados por princ��pios te��rico-metodol��gicos da etnografia com vistas ao estudo da influ��ncia dos aspectos culturais e sociais na assist��ncia da fam��lia e do enfermeiro �� idosos em domic��lio. Foi realizado no munic��pio de Santana do Matos, RN, tendo como participantes, idosos, familiares e enfermeiros da equipe da ESF, definidos a partir da popula����o do munic��pio e obtendo-se uma amostra intencional de 25 participantes: 6 enfermeiras, 10 idosos e 9 grupos familiares. Para a coleta de informa����es, utilizou-se observa����o, entrevista, di��rio de campo e grupo focal. Os resultados foram apresentados em forma de narrativa descritiva, na perspectiva dos conceitos de Boris Cyrulnik, com an��lise interpretativa cultural de Geertz, na busca dos significados e s��mbolos pr��prios da cultura da velhice de idosos e dos seus familiares, sobre cuidados que s��o realizados, tanto pela fam��lia, como pelos enfermeiros em domic��lio. Observou-se que a fam��lia e o cuidador, dentro de sua realidade social e cultural, precisam ser mais compreendidos pela equipe de sa��de para ser melhor orientados e capacitados na realiza����o do cuidar de forma adequada. Por sua vez, os profissionais de sa��de, em especial o enfermeiro, enfrentam dificuldades para realizar o cuidado ao idoso no domic��lio como a grande demanda de atribui����es na unidade de sa��de como consultas e atendimentos; falta de transporte at�� os domic��lios; extens��o territorial do munic��pio e das ��reas assistidas; n��mero de pessoas atendidas por cada equipe; falta de compreens��o dos profissionais de sa��de quanto �� import��ncia da visita domicili��ria na aten����o b��sica. Entendem a necessidade de realizar a����es de promo����o em sa��de, preven����o de agravos e de educa����o em sa��de, al��m de reconhecerem a import��ncia de uma melhor forma����o acad��mica para atuar nessa perspectiva e contribu��rem para as mudan��as necess��rias na pr��tica dos cuidados ao idoso em domic��lio

A letra escarlate como romance hist��rico: uma hist��ria de fragilidade humana e tristeza

The objective of this paper is to analyze the work of the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864), The Scarlet Letter (1850), in the light of the contributions of Literature and History of the American people in the context of New England. Accordingly, we highlight aspects that justify the inclusion of the work as a historical novel, especially based on the reading of The Historical Novel (1936-37) written by Georg Luk��cs. The diversity of voices and social interrelationships that come out of the main characters of the plot of the novel, as well as their contextual buildings, constituted as important traces to understanding the novel as being of historical value. During our study, we found out that it is in the plots of the novels that the characters reflect, at the same time, the specific conditions of their singularities, the general trends of the historical process and the social conditions from which they arise. We also could see that it is in their singularities that lie special tendencies of human beings. Our references to this study came from scholars as Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985), Cunlife (1986), Candido (1993) and Schwarz (1981)

Experi��ncia, mem��ria e humor: representa����es sociais em as filhas do arco-��ris e em primeiras est��rias.

Este trabalho analisa rela����es da experi��ncia, mem��ria e humor e investiga representa����es da inf��ncia, da velhice, da loucura e do alcoolismo no romance As Filhas do Arco-��ris, de Eul��cio Farias de Lacerda e em contos de Primeiras Est��rias, de Guimar��es Rosa, destacando-se que meninos, velhos, cegos e loucos, mesmo marginalizados, podem ser encarados como atores sociais na forma����o das comunidades. Verifica-se que essas personagens constituem uma coletividade no sentido de evocar a representa����o de indiv��duos. Tamb��m se procura examinar pr��ticas liter��rias e culturais no ��mbito do sistema liter��rio brasileiro, com ��nfase em regionalismos, oralidade e considera����es sobre literatura e sociedade. �� desse modo que se busca observar que as obras destacadas est��o inseridas numa discuss��o moderna acerca do desenvolvimento sociocultural. Portanto, a preocupa����o desta pesquisa deriva da discuss��o moderna acerca do desenvolvimento social. Diante disso, observa-se nos textos de Guimar��es Rosa e de Eul��cio Farias um tratamento narrativo em torno dessas personagens, enfatizando que as situa����es vividas por eles envolvem experi��ncias que os levam a construir, em rela����o ao contexto social, aspectos de amadurecimento, rememora����o, compartilhamento, encantamento, viagem ao desconhecido, movimentos hist��ricos, alegrias e tristezas, sempre demonstrando uma sintonia com a tem��tica da modernidade. Assim, as condições sociais s��o interpretadas para evidenciar e confrontar: discrimina����o, amizade, conflito, respeito, marginaliza����o, mem��ria social. Ainda s��o estabelecidas compara����es entre personagens do romance As Filhas do Arco-��ris com as de alguns contos de Primeiras Est��rias, salientando-se considera����es sobre o narrador, as inter-rela����es, regionalismo e rela����es entre literatura, organiza����o e processo social. Esta pesquisa tem por base o conceito de sistema liter��rio consolidado idealizado por Antonio Candido e os postulados de estudiosos e te��ricos como: Walter Benjamin, Jacqueline Held, Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, Ana Paula Pacheco, Serge Moscovici, Fran��ois Laplantine, Liane Trindade

As estruturas sociais e econ��micas do Imp��rio Romano do Ocidente e o estabelecimento do reino dos visigodos nas Galliae Aquitania e Narbonensis

In the year 376 of the Common Era, a tribe of Germanic warriors known as Tervingi , of Gothic extraction, crossed the Hister (Danube) river due south, entering the Roman Empire. They fled the Huns, a nomadic group that came plundering their way from the East. It did not take long for a conflict between the Roman imperial authorities and the refugees to begin. Peace was reached in 382 and, henceforth, the Tervingi would be officially foederati (allies) of the Romans, gaining the right to remain an autonomous tribe inside the borders of the Empire. For the next thirteen years the Tervingi warriors fought beside the Roman imperial armies in every major conflict. Nevertheless, after the death of the emperor Theodosius I in 395, their relations deteriorated severely. In theory, the Tervingi remained Roman allies; in practice, they begun to extort monies and other assets from the emperors Honorius and Arcadius. The sack of Rome by the Tervingi king Alaric in 410 was both the culmination and the point of inflection of this state of affairs. During the 410s the Tervingi warriors would fought again beside the Roman Imperial armies and be rewarded with a piece of land in the southwestern portion of the Gallic diocese. Dubbed Visigoths , they would remain trusted Roman allies throughout the next decades, consolidating their own kingdom in the process. This dissertation deals not only with the institution of the Visigothic kingdom in the southwestern portion of the Galliae but also with the social and economic conditions that hindered the Roman ability to defend their territory by themselves, hence opening opportunities for foederati like the Tervingi to carve out a piece of it for themselves.

Avalia����o longitudinal do impacto da sa��de bucal na estrat��gia sa��de da fam��lia em Natal

As a result of the financial incentive provided by the GM / MS 1.444, since 2000, Brazil has experienced a substantial increase in the number of oral health services at the Family Health Strategy. There is, however, evidence that these teams have produced qualitatively different experiences which do not translate necessarily into improved quality of life and health. Thus, evaluative research of great importance. This study aims to assess the impact of the Family Health Strategy in oral health in a longitudinal perspective natalense the years 2006 and 2009. This is an intervention study whose design is a community trial in parallel, nearly randomized. The sample consisted of census tracts covered by oral health teams in the Family Health and the Traditional Model (Basic Health Units and non-FHS Program of Community Health Agents and areas not covered.) The sample was determined by drawing ten census tracts to form the experimental group and ten other sectors for the control group by pairing intentional based on socio-economic and geographic. To check the net effect of the intervention was performed multivariate analysis by Poisson regression. As a result of cross-sectional analysis of year 2009, it was found that the effects of the ESF in Natal were satisfactory only for the variables of injuries and for other purposes without and with negative impact on stock coverage reclaimers. However, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the ESB / ESF improved their performance in dealing with grievances, access and coverage of the type of actions and this fact is independent of age, sex and social and economic conditions. In other employees' words are related to the presence of the Family Health Strategy in the region. However it does not say that both models under study (the Family Health Strategy Model and Traditional) are different in terms of performance and it is pertinent to reflect on the need for further development of evaluation studies that use other approaches able to clarify the dynamics of the process whose results can come to the knowledge of the actors responsible for leading the ESF and encourage them to incorporate the assessment in their routine