Valutazione dello spessore intima-media carotideo come fattore di rischio cardiovascolare nei pazienti affetti da psoriasi moderato-severa

Evaluation of carotid artery intima-media thickness in patients affected by psoriasis Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. This study compared subclinical atherosclerosis, evaluating intima-media thickness the of the carotid in psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy controls using high-resolution ultrasonography and the correlation of this parameter with other cardiovascular risk factors, like insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, METHODS: We will study 40 psoriasis patients, asymptomatic for cardiovascular diseases, and 40 healthy controls matched for age and sex. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries will be measured ultrasonographically. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal failure, a history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease will be exclusion criteria. Subjects who are receiving lipid-lowering therapy, antihypertensive or anti-aggregant drugs, nitrates or long-term systemic steroids will be also excluded. Objective of this study is the evaluation of carotid artery intima-media thickness and its correlation with other blood cardiovascular risk factors in patients affected by psoriasis but asinptomatic for coronary comparing this data with the healthy control subjects. Considering that the presence of psoriasis is an independent risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis, we want to consider this method of evaluation of cardiovascular risk and to control this risk to prevent IMA.

Mercato dell'informazione, posizionamento dei media e distorsioni: Un'analisi attraverso l'algoritmo Wordfish

Una stampa libera e plurale è un elemento fondante di ogni sistema democratico ed è fondamentale per la creazione di un’opinione pubblica informata e in grado di esercitare controllo e pressione sulle classi dirigenti. Dal momento della loro creazione i giornali si sono imposti come un’importantissima fonte di informazione per l’opinione pubblica. La seconda metà del Novecento, inoltre, ha conosciuto innovazioni tecnologiche che hanno portato grandi cambiamenti nel ruolo della carta stampata come veicolo di trasmissione delle notizie. Partendo dalla diffusione della televisione fino ad arrivare alla rivoluzione digitale degli anni ’90 e 2000, la velocità di creazione e di trasmissione delle informazioni è aumentata esponenzialmente, i costi di produzione e di acquisizione delle notizie sono crollati e una quantità enorme di dati, che possono fornire moltissime informazioni relative alle idee e ai contenuti proposti dai diversi autori nel corso del tempo, è ora a disposizione di lettori e ricercatori. Tuttavia, anche se grazie alla rivoluzione digitale i costi materiali dei periodici si sono notevolmente ridotti, la produzione di notizie comporta altre spese e pertanto si inserisce in un contesto di mercato, sottoposto alle logiche della domanda e dell'offerta. In questo lavoro verrà analizzato il ruolo della domanda e della non perfetta razionalità dei lettori nel mercato delle notizie, partendo dall’assunto che la differenza di opinioni dei consumatori spinge le testate a regolare l’offerta di contenuti, per venire incontro alla domanda di mercato, per verificare l’applicabilità del modello utilizzato (Mullainhatan e Shleifer, 2005) al contesto italiano. A tale scopo si è analizzato il comportamento di alcuni quotidiani nazionali in occasione di due eventi che hanno profondamente interessato l'opinione pubblica italiana: il fenomeno dei flussi migratori provenienti dalla sponda sud del Mediterraneo nel mese di ottobre 2013 e l'epidemia di influenza H1N1 del 2009.

Pharmacological prevention of serious anaphylactic reactions due to iodinated contrast media: systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy of pharmacological prevention of serious reactions to iodinated contrast media. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Systematic search (multiple databases, bibliographies, all languages, to October 2005) for randomised comparisons of pretreatment with placebo or no treatment (control) in patients receiving iodinated contrast media. Review methods Trial quality was assessed by all investigators. Information on trial design, population, interventions, and outcomes was abstracted by one investigator and cross checked by the others. Data were combined by using Peto odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Nine trials (1975-96, 10 011 adults) tested H1 antihistamines, corticosteroids, and an H1-H2 combination. No trial included exclusively patients with a history of allergic reactions. Many outcomes were not allergy related, and only a few were potentially life threatening. No reports on death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, irreversible neurological deficit, or prolonged hospital stays were found. In two trials, 3/778 (0.4%) patients who received oral methylprednisolone 2x32 mg or intravenous prednisolone 250 mg had laryngeal oedema compared with 11/769 (1.4%) controls (odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 0.88). In two trials, 7/3093 (0.2%) patients who received oral methylprednisolone 2x32 mg had a composite outcome (including shock, bronchospasm, and laryngospasm) compared with 20/2178 (0.9%) controls (odds ratio 0.28, 0.13 to 0.60). In one trial, 1/196 (0.5%) patients who received intravenous clemastine 0.03 mg/kg and cimetidine 2-5 mg/kg had angio-oedema compared with 8/194 (4.1%) controls (odds ratio 0.20, 0.05 to 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Life threatening anaphylactic reactions due to iodinated contrast media are rare. In unselected patients, the usefulness of premedication is doubtful, as a large number of patients need to receive premedication to prevent one potentially serious reaction. Data supporting the use of premedication in patients with a history of allergic reactions are lacking. Physicians who are dealing with these patients should not rely on the efficacy of premedication.

Improving bovine udder health: a national mastitis control program in the Netherlands

Because of increasing bulk milk somatic cell counts and continuous clinical mastitis problems in a substantial number of herds, a national mastitis control program was started in 2005 to improve udder health in the Netherlands. The program started with founding the Dutch Udder Health Centre (UGCN), which had the task to coordinate the program. The program consisted of 2 parts: a research part and a knowledge-transfer part, which were integrated as much as possible. The knowledge-transfer part comprised 2 communication strategies: a central and a peripheral approach. The central approach was based on educating farmers using comprehensive science-based and rational argumentation about mastitis prevention and included on-farm study group meetings. Comprehensive education materials were developed for farmers that were internally motivated to improve udder health. In the peripheral approach it was tried to motivate farmers to implement certain management measures using nontechnical arguments. Mass media campaigns were used that focused on one single aspect of mastitis prevention. These communication strategies, as well as an integrated approach between various stakeholders and different scientific disciplines were used to reach as many farmers as possible. It should be noted that, because this intervention took place at a national level, no control group was available, as it would be impossible to isolate farmers from all forms of communication for 5 years. Based on several studies executed during and after the program, however, the results suggest that udder health seemed to have improved on a national level during the course of the program from 2005 to 2010. Within a cohort of dairy herds monitored during the program, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis did not change significantly (23.0 in 2004 vs. 22.2 in 2009). The incidence rate of clinical mastitis, however, decreased significantly, from 33.5 to 28.1 quarter cases per 100 cow years at risk. The most important elements of the farmers' mindset toward mastitis control also changed favorably. The simulated costs of mastitis per farm were reduced compared with a situation in which the mastitis would not have changed, with € 400 per year. When this amount is extrapolated to all Dutch farms, the sector as a whole reduced the total costs of mastitis by € 8 million per year. It is difficult to assign the improved udder health completely to the efforts of the program due to the lack of a control group. Nevertheless, investing € 8 million by the Dutch dairy industry in a 5-yr national mastitis control program likely improved udder health and seemed to pay for itself financially.

Involvement of human chromosome 17 in the control of the metastatic phenotype in melanoma

Fusion of nonmetastatic murine melanoma K1735 C19H cells with metastatic human melanoma A375 C15N cells resulted in a hybrid (termed H7) which was highly metastatic in a nude mouse model. The H7 hybrid retained chromosome 17 as the sole intact human chromosome in the cell. A lung bioassay showed that the K1735 C19H cells were present in the lungs of nude mice with s.c. tumors, yet at 6-weeks after tumor resection, no cells remained in the lung and therefore did not form lung metastases. Examination of various phenotypic properties such as in vivo and in vitro growth demonstrated that phenotypically the H7 hybrid was most like the K1735 C19H cell line except for its metastatic ability. In contrast the H7 hybrid cells containing single or multiple copies of human chromosome 17 with a point mutation at codon 249 (arg-gly) of the p53 gene, readily formed lung metastases. A plasmid containing the human p53 from the H7 hybrid and four other contructs with mutations at codon 143 (val-arg), 175 (arg-his), 249 (arg-ser) and 273 (arg-his) were transfected into K1735 C19H cells. K1735 C19H cells expressing human p53 genes with mutations at codons 249, both the arg-ser mutation and the mutation from the H7 hybrid and 273 produced significantly more lung metastases.^ In vitro assays demonstrated that responses to various cytotoxic and DNA damaging agents varied with the presence of mutant p53 and with the type of agent used. When cultured in mouse lung-conditioned medium, the K1735 C19H cell line was growth-inhibited, while cells containing a mutant human p53 (either on the whole chromosome 17, as in the H7 hybrid cells or from a stably transfected construct) were growth stimulated. Western blot analysis of lung-conditioned media derived from either 6-month or 15-month old mice has detected high levels of soluble Fas ligand in the medium from older animals. Comparison of the levels of Fas receptor on the K1735 C19H cell line and the H7 hybrid were almost identical, but 50% of the K1735 C19H cells were killed in the presence of anti-Fas antibody as opposed to 7% of the H7 hybrid cells. The growth-inhibitory effects of the lung-conditioned medium on the K1735 C19H cells were abrogated by coculture with Fas-Fc, which competes with the Fas ligand for receptor binding. Growth-inhibition of the K1735 C19H was 54% when cultured in 60 $\mu$g/0.2 ml lung-conditioned medium and a control Fc, with only 9% inhibition in 60 $\mu$g/0.2 ml lung-conditioned medium and Fas-Fc. Growth of the H7 cells and K1735 C19H cells transfected with various mutant human p53 genes were unchanged by the presence of either the control Fc or the Fas-Fc. This indicates that the presence of human chromosome 17, and mutant p53 in part protects the cells from Fas:Fas ligand induced apoptosis, and allows the growth of lung metastases. ^

Controlling New Media (without the Law)

The purpose of this paper is to explore some emerging modes of control that are evolving wholly or partially outside conventional media law. We focus in particular on the entirely novel mechanisms of control enabled through code and technology in general. We compare these new models with traditional regulatory bodies and their decision-making processes and, making reference to the values and interests that are embedded in the design of mediating technologies, ask whether the new tools of control are appropriate for achieving public policy objectives in a complex new-and-old media landscape, or whether in fact they introduce some dangers.

Can you see me thinking (about my answers)? Using eye-tracking to illuminate developmental differences in monitoring and control skills and their relation to performance

This study focuses on relations between 7- and 9-year-old children’s and adults’ metacognitive monitoring and control processes. In addition to explicit confidence judgments (CJ), data for participants’ control behavior during learning and recall as well as implicit CJs were collected with an eye-tracking device (Tobii 1750). Results revealed developmental progression in both accuracy of implicit and explicit monitoring across age groups. In addition, efficiency of learning and recall strategies increases with age, as older participants allocate more fixation time to critical information and less time to peripheral or potentially interfering information. Correlational analyses, recall performance, metacognitive monitoring, and controlling indicate significant interrelations between all of these measures, with varying patterns of correlations within age groups. Results are discussed in regard to the intricate relationship between monitoring and recall and their relation to performance.

Prevention of vascular dysfunction and arterial hypertension in mice generated by assisted reproductive technologies by addition of melatonin to culture media.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) induce vascular dysfunction in humans and mice. In mice, ART-induced vascular dysfunction is related to epigenetic alteration of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, resulting in decreased vascular eNOS expression and nitrite/nitrate synthesis. Melatonin is involved in epigenetic regulation, and its administration to sterile women improves the success rate of ART. We hypothesized that addition of melatonin to culture media may prevent ART-induced epigenetic and cardiovascular alterations in mice. We, therefore, assessed mesenteric-artery responses to acetylcholine and arterial blood pressure, together with DNA methylation of the eNOS gene promoter in vascular tissue and nitric oxide plasma concentration in 12-wk-old ART mice generated with and without addition of melatonin to culture media and in control mice. As expected, acetylcholine-induced mesenteric-artery dilation was impaired (P = 0.008 vs. control) and mean arterial blood pressure increased (109.5 ± 3.8 vs. 104.0 ± 4.7 mmHg, P = 0.002, ART vs. control) in ART compared with control mice. These alterations were associated with altered DNA methylation of the eNOS gene promoter (P < 0.001 vs. control) and decreased plasma nitric oxide concentration (10.1 ± 11.1 vs. 29.5 ± 8.0 μM) (P < 0.001 ART vs. control). Addition of melatonin (10(-6) M) to culture media prevented eNOS dysmethylation (P = 0.005, vs. ART + vehicle), normalized nitric oxide plasma concentration (23.1 ± 14.6 μM, P = 0.002 vs. ART + vehicle) and mesentery-artery responsiveness to acetylcholine (P < 0.008 vs. ART + vehicle), and prevented arterial hypertension (104.6 ± 3.4 mmHg, P < 0.003 vs. ART + vehicle). These findings provide proof of principle that modification of culture media prevents ART-induced vascular dysfunction. We speculate that this approach will also allow preventing ART-induced premature atherosclerosis in humans.

Evidence for Emergency Vaccination Having Played a Crucial Role to Control the 1965/66 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak in Switzerland.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that caused several large outbreaks in Europe in the last century. The last important outbreak in Switzerland took place in 1965/66 and affected more than 900 premises and more than 50,000 animals were slaughtered. Large-scale emergency vaccination of the cattle and pig population has been applied to control the epidemic. In recent years, many studies have used infectious disease models to assess the impact of different disease control measures, including models developed for diseases exotic for the specific region of interest. Often, the absence of real outbreak data makes a validation of such models impossible. This study aimed to evaluate whether a spatial, stochastic simulation model (the Davis Animal Disease Simulation model) can predict the course of a Swiss FMD epidemic based on the available historic input data on population structure, contact rates, epidemiology of the virus, and quality of the vaccine. In addition, the potential outcome of the 1965/66 FMD epidemic without application of vaccination was investigated. Comparing the model outcomes to reality, only the largest 10% of the simulated outbreaks approximated the number of animals being culled. However, the simulation model highly overestimated the number of culled premises. While the outbreak duration could not be well reproduced by the model compared to the 1965/66 epidemic, it was able to accurately estimate the size of the area infected. Without application of vaccination, the model predicted a much higher mean number of culled animals than with vaccination, demonstrating that vaccination was likely crucial in disease control for the Swiss FMD outbreak in 1965/66. The study demonstrated the feasibility to analyze historical outbreak data with modern analytical tools. However, it also confirmed that predicted epidemics from a most carefully parameterized model cannot integrate all eventualities of a real epidemic. Therefore, decision makers need to be aware that infectious disease models are useful tools to support the decision-making process but their results are not equal valuable as real observations and should always be interpreted with caution.

Acetate metabolism and the control of environmental pH in Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans. The balance between commensal and pathogenic C. albicans is maintained largely by phagocytes of the innate immune system. Analysis of transcriptional changes after macrophage phagocytosis indicates the C. albicans response is broadly similar to starvation, including up-regulation of alternate carbon metabolism. Systems known and suspected to be part of acetate/acetyl-CoA metabolism were also up-regulated, importantly the ACH and ACS genes, which manage acetate/acetyl-CoA interconversion, and the nine-member ATO gene family, thought to participate in transmembrane acetate transport and also linked to the process of environmental alkalinization. ^ Studies into the roles of Ach, Acs1 and Acs2 function in alternate carbon metabolism revealed a substantial role for Acs2 and lesser, but distinct roles, for Ach and Acs1. Deletion mutants were made in C. albicans and were phenotypically evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Loss of Ach function resulted in mild growth defects on ethanol and acetate and no significant attenuation in virulence in a disseminated mouse model of infection. While loss of Acs1 did not produce any significant phenotypes, loss of Acs2 greatly impaired growth on multiple carbon sources, including glucose, ethanol and acetate. We also concluded that ACS1 and ACS2 likely comprise an essential gene pair. Expression analyses indicated that ACS2 is the predominant form under most growth conditions. ^ ATO gene function had been linked to the process of environmental alkalinization, an ammonium-mediated phenomenon described here first in C. albicans. During growth in glucose-poor, amino acid-rich conditions C. albicans can rapidly change its extracellular pH. This process was glucose-repressible and was accompanied by hyphal formation and changes in colony morphology. We showed that introduction of the ATO1G53D point mutant to C. albicans blocked alkalinization, as did over-expression of C. albicans ATO2, the only C. albicans ATO gene to lack the conserved N-terminal domain. A screen for alkalinization-deficient mutants revealed that ACH1 is essential for alkalinization. However, addition of acetate to the media restored alkalinization to the ach1 mutant. We proposed a model of ATO function in which Atos regulated the cellular co-export of ammonium and acetate. ^

Actividad biológica de Lonchocarpus guaricensis Pittier en el control de larvas de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick)

La actividad biológica de Lonchocarpus guaricensis Pittier fue evaluada utilizando dos dosis de Tecnona® en el control de larvas de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), Valle de Azapa, Chile, mediante una pulverización sobre plantas de tomate cv. Naomi en macetas, ubicadas aleatoriamente en un invernáculo dentro de un vivero. Semanas previas a la pulverización, las macetas se infestaron artificialmente con adultos del fitófago para obtener larvas en los foliolos. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: T1 (0,21 g de IA de L. guaricensis·L-1), T2 (0,43 g de IA de L. guaricensis·L-1), T3 (control positivo a base de spinosad 0,048 g de IA·L-1) y T0 (control negativo a base de agua de pozo). De acuerdo con el porcentaje de mortalidad acumulada de larvas contabilizadas a las 24, 48, 120 horas y 9no día post aplicación, no hay diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos T0 y T1, a su vez, T2 alcanza una media de 53,05% de mortalidad, no diferenciándose de T3 que logra un 73,9%. Se concluye que la dosis experimental L. guaricensis de 0,43 g de IA∙ L-1 puede constituir una alternativa interesante de utilizar en el Manejo Integrado de Plagas del cultivo de tomate en el Valle de Azapa.

La organización fuera de control

El objetivo general de este trabajo de investigación será relacionar los modelos de las configuraciones básicas de Henry Mintzberg (1991) con diversos funcionamientos afines a estructuras mentales, y donde generamos las siguientes hipótesis de trabajo: Si la cumbre estratégica está fuera de control, podremos predecir un funcionamiento organizacional histérico. Si la está tecnoestructura está fuera de control, podremos predecir un funcionamiento organizacional obsesivo. Si la línea media está fuera de control, podremos predecir un funcionamiento organizacional depresivo. Si el núcleo operativo está fuera de control, podremos predecir un funcionamiento organizacional paranoide. Si el staff de apoyo está fuera de control, podremos predecir un funcionamiento organizacional esquizoide. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación se basó en el relevamiento de diversas fuentes de información, principalmente de autores que han desarrollado algunos conceptos de psicología organizacional tales como Danny Miller y Ketz de Vries (1984), y han sido incorporados al funcionamiento organizacional de Mintzberg (1991); teorizando fallas paramétricas de diseño que llevasen a “funcionamientos" mentales específicos a los diferentes tipos de configuraciones organizacionales

Percepción de control, frustración, anímica y valore

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación que explora en el Bienestar desde una perspectiva psicosocial, se presenta en este trabajo resultados obtenidos a partir de poner en relación la percepción de control con la sensación de frustración anómica y los valores de los participantes. Son muchos los aspectos subjetivos que condicionan el bienestar de las personas, entre ellas se destaca la satisfacción que perciben con su vida, que emerge de la avenencia entre el individuo y su entorno tanto micro como macrosocial. Las creencias que los individuos tienen sobre si mismos, los otros y los acontecimientos en términos de aprendizaje social repercuten en sus niveles de satisfacción, felicidad y bienestar, tanto psicológico como social. En este sentido, la percepción de control â?"interno o externo- que se siente sobre los sucesos, las sensaciones respecto de las comunidades de pertenencia como fuente de normas y los valores que se priorizan como principios vitales son aspectos relevantes a analizar para comprender el Bienestar desde una mirada que integra dimensiones psicosociales. Sobre la base de esta perspectiva, se realizó un estudio empírico descriptivo, de diseño no experimental transversal, con población general de distintas ciudades de Argentina. La muestra es no probabilística intencional compuesta por 1018 sujetos (34hombres y 66mujeres) con una media de edad de 26,42 años (DE = 9,49). Los resultados muestran que en los participantes prevalecen valores que se orientan a la preocupación por el bienestar de los otros y la armonía -Auto-trascendencia- y metas de Apertura al Cambio que dan importancia a la independencia y a los desafíos. Estos valores expresan la relevancia del crecimiento, la auto-expansión y se oponen a metas de protección. En términos de percepción de control, no se observa una propensión marcada a lo interno o lo externo, el nivel es medio. Sin embargo, las tendencias se refuerzan cuando aparecen variables como el género, la realización de actividades de ocio o el posicionamiento Ideológico. En frustración anómica, la puntuación es alta indicando que prevalece un rechazo de la comunidad como fuente de normas, una falta de confianza en las instituciones y en las relaciones con otros que conducen a una falta de consenso sobre las conductas sociales deseables que facilitan la conducta desviada. No se observan diferencias por género pero sí entre quienes realizan actividades de ocio y quienes no, en el posicionamiento ideológico y en la auto-percepción de clase. Al analizar la validez convergente, se observa que la percepción de control interno se asocia a valores que enfatizan el bienestar de los otros, la auto-dirección y la estimulación. La frustración anómica se asocia positivamente a valores de conservación, seguridad, tradición y conformidad, y al locus de control externo. La anomia alude, entre otros, a la falta de poder vs. El control del medio, es decir, en situaciones complejas y cambiantes, el hombre percibe que carece de control. Por su parte, quienes tienen un mayor control interno del medio tienen más emociones positivas, reaccionan con menor ansiedad antes hechos estresantes y los afrontan de forma más adaptativa

Percepción de control, frustración, anímica y valore

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación que explora en el Bienestar desde una perspectiva psicosocial, se presenta en este trabajo resultados obtenidos a partir de poner en relación la percepción de control con la sensación de frustración anómica y los valores de los participantes. Son muchos los aspectos subjetivos que condicionan el bienestar de las personas, entre ellas se destaca la satisfacción que perciben con su vida, que emerge de la avenencia entre el individuo y su entorno tanto micro como macrosocial. Las creencias que los individuos tienen sobre si mismos, los otros y los acontecimientos en términos de aprendizaje social repercuten en sus niveles de satisfacción, felicidad y bienestar, tanto psicológico como social. En este sentido, la percepción de control â?"interno o externo- que se siente sobre los sucesos, las sensaciones respecto de las comunidades de pertenencia como fuente de normas y los valores que se priorizan como principios vitales son aspectos relevantes a analizar para comprender el Bienestar desde una mirada que integra dimensiones psicosociales. Sobre la base de esta perspectiva, se realizó un estudio empírico descriptivo, de diseño no experimental transversal, con población general de distintas ciudades de Argentina. La muestra es no probabilística intencional compuesta por 1018 sujetos (34hombres y 66mujeres) con una media de edad de 26,42 años (DE = 9,49). Los resultados muestran que en los participantes prevalecen valores que se orientan a la preocupación por el bienestar de los otros y la armonía -Auto-trascendencia- y metas de Apertura al Cambio que dan importancia a la independencia y a los desafíos. Estos valores expresan la relevancia del crecimiento, la auto-expansión y se oponen a metas de protección. En términos de percepción de control, no se observa una propensión marcada a lo interno o lo externo, el nivel es medio. Sin embargo, las tendencias se refuerzan cuando aparecen variables como el género, la realización de actividades de ocio o el posicionamiento Ideológico. En frustración anómica, la puntuación es alta indicando que prevalece un rechazo de la comunidad como fuente de normas, una falta de confianza en las instituciones y en las relaciones con otros que conducen a una falta de consenso sobre las conductas sociales deseables que facilitan la conducta desviada. No se observan diferencias por género pero sí entre quienes realizan actividades de ocio y quienes no, en el posicionamiento ideológico y en la auto-percepción de clase. Al analizar la validez convergente, se observa que la percepción de control interno se asocia a valores que enfatizan el bienestar de los otros, la auto-dirección y la estimulación. La frustración anómica se asocia positivamente a valores de conservación, seguridad, tradición y conformidad, y al locus de control externo. La anomia alude, entre otros, a la falta de poder vs. El control del medio, es decir, en situaciones complejas y cambiantes, el hombre percibe que carece de control. Por su parte, quienes tienen un mayor control interno del medio tienen más emociones positivas, reaccionan con menor ansiedad antes hechos estresantes y los afrontan de forma más adaptativa

Percepción de control, frustración, anímica y valore

En el marco de un proyecto de investigación que explora en el Bienestar desde una perspectiva psicosocial, se presenta en este trabajo resultados obtenidos a partir de poner en relación la percepción de control con la sensación de frustración anómica y los valores de los participantes. Son muchos los aspectos subjetivos que condicionan el bienestar de las personas, entre ellas se destaca la satisfacción que perciben con su vida, que emerge de la avenencia entre el individuo y su entorno tanto micro como macrosocial. Las creencias que los individuos tienen sobre si mismos, los otros y los acontecimientos en términos de aprendizaje social repercuten en sus niveles de satisfacción, felicidad y bienestar, tanto psicológico como social. En este sentido, la percepción de control â?"interno o externo- que se siente sobre los sucesos, las sensaciones respecto de las comunidades de pertenencia como fuente de normas y los valores que se priorizan como principios vitales son aspectos relevantes a analizar para comprender el Bienestar desde una mirada que integra dimensiones psicosociales. Sobre la base de esta perspectiva, se realizó un estudio empírico descriptivo, de diseño no experimental transversal, con población general de distintas ciudades de Argentina. La muestra es no probabilística intencional compuesta por 1018 sujetos (34hombres y 66mujeres) con una media de edad de 26,42 años (DE = 9,49). Los resultados muestran que en los participantes prevalecen valores que se orientan a la preocupación por el bienestar de los otros y la armonía -Auto-trascendencia- y metas de Apertura al Cambio que dan importancia a la independencia y a los desafíos. Estos valores expresan la relevancia del crecimiento, la auto-expansión y se oponen a metas de protección. En términos de percepción de control, no se observa una propensión marcada a lo interno o lo externo, el nivel es medio. Sin embargo, las tendencias se refuerzan cuando aparecen variables como el género, la realización de actividades de ocio o el posicionamiento Ideológico. En frustración anómica, la puntuación es alta indicando que prevalece un rechazo de la comunidad como fuente de normas, una falta de confianza en las instituciones y en las relaciones con otros que conducen a una falta de consenso sobre las conductas sociales deseables que facilitan la conducta desviada. No se observan diferencias por género pero sí entre quienes realizan actividades de ocio y quienes no, en el posicionamiento ideológico y en la auto-percepción de clase. Al analizar la validez convergente, se observa que la percepción de control interno se asocia a valores que enfatizan el bienestar de los otros, la auto-dirección y la estimulación. La frustración anómica se asocia positivamente a valores de conservación, seguridad, tradición y conformidad, y al locus de control externo. La anomia alude, entre otros, a la falta de poder vs. El control del medio, es decir, en situaciones complejas y cambiantes, el hombre percibe que carece de control. Por su parte, quienes tienen un mayor control interno del medio tienen más emociones positivas, reaccionan con menor ansiedad antes hechos estresantes y los afrontan de forma más adaptativa