Difficultés d'adaptation de questionaire sur les transmissions entre famille et écoles en contextes linguistiques et culturels différents

Les résultats des études PISA – aussi bien en ce qui concerne celle de 2000 comme celle de 2003 - n’ont guêre été satisfaisants pour de nombreux pays de l’OCDE (ce n’est pas le cas pour la Belgique!). Par exemple Portugal, s’il présente des résultats comparables à la moyenne des pays européens ou même supérieurs pour la région de Lisbonne et la vallée du Tage, présente des résultats inférieurs pour l’ensemble du territoire. La Suisse est, curieusement, un autre pays qui se situe en deçà des expectatives. Selon le rapport 2003 (Ramalho, 2004 :50), les études comparatives en littéracie (lecture) et en numéracie n’ont pas démontré de différence significative par rapport aux résultats de 2000. Nous avons pris connaissance d’une étude suisse qui avait pris pour point de départ des résultats également défavorables, pour ce pays, au même rapport PISA : cette recherche analyse l’insertion socio-économique des familles comme également l’influence des transmissions familiales sur les parcours scolaires des élèves.

Effects of Soil Compaction and Organic Carbon Content on Preferential Flow in Loamy Field Soils

Abstract: Preferential flow and transport through macropores affect plant water use efficiency and enhance leaching of agrochemicals and the transport of colloids, thereby increasing the risk for contamination of groundwater resources. The effects of soil compaction, expressed in terms of bulk density (BD), and organic carbon (OC) content on preferential flow and transport were investigated using 150 undisturbed soil cores sampled from 15 × 15–m grids on two field sites. Both fields had loamy textures, but one site had significantly higher OC content. Leaching experiments were conducted in each core by applying a constant irrigation rate of 10 mm h−1 with a pulse application of tritium tracer. Five percent tritium mass arrival times and apparent dispersivities were derived from each of the tracer breakthrough curves and correlated with texture, OC content, and BD to assess the spatial distribution of preferential flow and transport across the investigated fields. Soils from both fields showed strong positive correlations between BD and preferential flow. Interestingly, the relationships between BD and tracer transport characteristics were markedly different for the two fields, although the relationship between BD and macroporosity was nearly identical. The difference was likely caused by the higher contents of fines and OC at one of the fields leading to stronger aggregation, smaller matrix permeability, and a more pronounced pipe-like pore system with well-aligned macropores.

Sporothrix schenckii COMPLEX: SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO COMBINED ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENZYMATIC PROFILES

SUMMARY Sporothrix schenckiiwas reclassified as a complex encompassing six cryptic species, which calls for the reassessment of clinical and epidemiological data of these new species. We evaluated the susceptibility of Sporothrix albicans (n = 1) , S. brasiliensis (n = 6) , S. globosa (n = 1), S. mexicana(n = 1) and S. schenckii(n = 36) to terbinafine (TRB) alone and in combination with itraconazole (ITZ), ketoconazole (KTZ), and voriconazole (VRZ) by a checkerboard microdilution method and determined the enzymatic profile of these species with the API-ZYM kit. Most interactions were additive (27.5%, 32.5% and 5%) or indifferent (70%, 50% and 52.5%) for TRB+KTZ, TRB+ITZ and TRB+VRZ, respectively. Antagonisms were observed in 42.5% of isolates for the TRB+VRZ combination. Based on enzymatic profiling, the Sporothrix schenckii strains were categorized into 14 biotypes. Leucine arylamidase (LA) activity was observed only for S. albicans and S. mexicana. The species S. globosaand S. mexicanawere the only species without β-glucosidase (GS) activity. Our results may contribute to a better understanding of virulence and resistance among species of the genus Sporothrixin further studies.

Spill-over effects in multi-partner loyalty programs

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Reavaliação da suscetibilidade de Candida à anfotericina B: estudo comparativo com isolados de três hospitais do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Comparou-se a suscetibilidade à anfotericina B de Candida spp isoladas de candidemias, sendo: 41 do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, 56 do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre e 47 da Santa Casa, Complexo Hospitalar de Porto Alegre. Os testes foram baseados no documento M27-A2 do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Todavia, foram empregadas 20 concentrações de anfotericina B, variáveis entre 0,1 e 2µg/ml. Os testes foram realizados nos meios RPMI 1640 com glicose, antibiotic medium 3 e yeast nitrogen base dextrosado. O caldo antibiotic medium 3 gerou amplas faixas de concentrações inibitórias mínimas e concentrações fungicidas mínimas quando comparado aos demais. As variações de suscetibilidade entre os hospitais foram melhor detectadas no antibiotic médium 3; os isolados do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria evidenciaram menor sensibilidade do que os da Santa Casa, Complexo Hospitalar de Porto Alegre (p < 0,05). As causas das variações de suscetibilidade não foram avaliadas mas apontam para a necessidade de vigilância da suscetibilidade a anfotericina B.

Candida dubliniensis does not show phospholipase activity: true or false?

INTRODUCTION: The phospholipase activity in Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis isolated from oral candidiasis cases were studied. METHODS: The phospholipase activity was evaluated in egg yolk agar. RESULTS: All the C. albicans isolates (n = 48) showed phospholipase activity (mean Pz = 0.66). However, none of the C. dubliniensis isolates (n = 24) showed this activity. CONCLUSIONS: The authors discuss whether these findings are a true characteristic of C. dubliniensis or a consequence of the methodology employed, which includes the possibility that NaCl may have inhibited the enzymatic activity of C. dubliniensis.

The relationship between the education level of successor's and the firm performance in German publicly listed family firms- an empirical analysis

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how far the education level of the second or third generation of publicly traded German family firms affects the post-succession firm performance. By conducting a correlational and regression design, the aim is to examine how several variables influence the performance of family firms. Performance measures, for example ROA and Tobin’s q and variables, like Education level and succession periods, examine analytically that a positive succession trend will occur. However, with the used model, only a less rigid model shows empirical evidence.

[Editorial] Current challenges in modeling cellular metabolism

The authors would like to thank the financial support from the NovoNordiskFoundation.

Impact performance prediction of injection-molded talc-filled polypropylene through thermomechanical environment assessment

Due to the fact that different injection molding conditions tailor the mechanical response of the thermoplastic material, such effect must be considered earlier in the product development process. The existing approaches implemented in different commercial software solutions are very limited in their capabilities to estimate the influence of processing conditions on the mechanical properties. Thus, the accuracy of predictive simulations could be improved. In this study, we demonstrate how to establish straightforward processing-impact property relationships of talc-filled injection-molded polypropylene disc-shaped parts by assessing the thermomechanical environment (TME). To investigate the relationship between impact properties and the key operative variables (flow rate, melt and mold temperature, and holding pressure), the design of experiments approach was applied to systematically vary the TME of molded samples. The TME is characterized on computer flow simulation outputsanddefined bytwo thermomechanical indices (TMI): the cooling index (CI; associated to the core features) and the thermo-stress index (TSI; related to the skin features). The TMI methodology coupled to an integrated simulation program has been developed as a tool to predict the impact response. The dynamic impact properties (peak force, peak energy, and puncture energy) were evaluated using instrumented falling weight impact tests and were all found to be similarly affected by the imposed TME. The most important molding parameters affecting the impact properties were found to be the processing temperatures (melt andmold). CI revealed greater importance for the impact response than TSI. The developed integrative tool provided truthful predictions for the envisaged impact properties.

Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in the absence of osteogenic supplements: a surface-roughness gradient study

The use of biomaterials to direct osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the absence of osteogenic supplements is thought to be part of the next generation of orthopedic implants. We previously engineered surface-roughness gradients of average roughness (Ra) varying from the sub-micron to the micrometer range ( 0.5–4.7 lm), and mean distance between peaks (RSm) gradually varying from 214 lm to 33 lm. Here we have screened the ability of such surface-gradients of polycaprolactone to influence the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type 1 (COL1) and mineralization by hMSCs cultured in dexamethasone (Dex)-deprived osteogenic induction medium (OIM) and in basal growth medium (BGM). Ra 1.53 lm/RSm 79 lm in Dex-deprived OI medium, and Ra 0.93 lm/RSm 135 lm in BGM consistently showed higher effectiveness at supporting the expression of the osteogenic markers ALP, COL1 and mineralization, compared to the tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) control in complete OIM. The superior effectiveness of specific surface-roughness revealed that this strategy may be used as a compelling alternative to soluble osteogenic inducers in orthopedic applications featuring the clinically relevant biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone.

Criação de uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item

RESUMO Objetivo A satisfação com a vida é um julgamento cognitivo de alguns domínios específicos na vida e depende de uma comparação entre as circunstâncias de vida do indivíduo e um padrão por ele estabelecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi construir uma escala de satisfação com a vida por meio da Teoria da Resposta ao Item (TRI). Métodos Para a criação da escala, foi utilizado o questionário “Estilo de Vida e Hábitos de Lazer de Trabalhadores da Indústria” e a Teoria da Resposta ao Item com base no modelo de resposta gradual proposto por Samejima. Participaram do estudo 47.477 trabalhadores brasileiros da indústria. Resultados A escala contou com sete itens do bloco de perguntas “indicadores de saúde e comportamentos preventivos”, com assuntos relacionados ao estado de saúde, qualidade de sono, nível de estresse, sentimento de tristeza ou depressão e percepção de vida no lar, no trabalho e no lazer. Conclusão São poucos os estudos que tiveram seu foco direcionado à satisfação com a vida no Brasil, e aqueles que de alguma forma o abordaram incluíram somente uma questão específica sobre felicidade ou satisfação de vida, principalmente em estudos sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. Os resultados mostraram que a TRI foi eficiente para criar a escala, medindo principalmente aqueles indivíduos com valores intermediários de satisfação com a vida.

Current Challenges in Modeling Cellular Metabolism

Mathematical and computational models play an essential role in understanding the cellular metabolism. They are used as platforms to integrate current knowledge on a biological system and to systematically test and predict the effect of manipulations to such systems. The recent advances in genome sequencing techniques have facilitated the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks for a wide variety of organisms from microbes to human cells. These models have been successfully used in multiple biotechnological applications. Despite these advancements, modeling cellular metabolism still presents many challenges. The aim of this Research Topic is not only to expose and consolidate the state-of-the-art in metabolic modeling approaches, but also to push this frontier beyond the current edge through the introduction of innovative solutions. The articles presented in this e-book address some of the main challenges in the field, including the integration of different modeling formalisms, the integration of heterogeneous data sources into metabolic models, explicit representation of other biological processes during phenotype simulation, and standardization efforts in the representation of metabolic models and simulation results.

Massa ventricular esquerda em portadores de insuficiência cardíaca

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a massa ventricular esquerda em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, as correlações com outras variáveis clínicas e com o prognóstico. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 587 pacientes com idades entre 13,8 anos e 68,9 anos, 461 (78,5%) homens e 126 (21,5%) mulheres. A massa ventricular esquerda foi estimada com o uso do ecocardiograma no modo M e indexada pela altura. RESULTADOS: O índice da massa ventricular esquerda variou de 35,3 g/m a 333,5 g/m e aumentou conforme a idade. O índice da massa ventricular esquerda foi maior nos homens (média 175,7 g/m) do que nas mulheres (média 165,7 g/m). O índice da massa ventricular esquerda foi maior nos portadores de cardiomiopatia hipertensiva (média 188,1 g/m), de cardiomiopatia dilatada idiopática (média 177,7 g/m) e de cardiomiopatias de outras etiologias (média 175,1 g/m) do que nos portadores de cardiomiopatia chagásica (média 164,3 g/m) e isquêmica (média 162 g/m). O índice da massa ventricular esquerda de portadores de insuficiência cardíaca demonstrou associação com a idade, o sexo, a etiologia e o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo. A correlação com a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foi negativa - o aumento do índice da massa ventricular esquerda associou-se à redução da fração de ejeção. O risco relativo de óbito foi 1,22 para cada acréscimo de 50 g/m no índice da massa ventricular esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: A estimação da massa ventricular esquerda pode contribuir para a avaliação prognóstica de portadores de insuficiência cardíaca.

Aumento do índice de massa corporal em relação a variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais quanto ao sexo em indivíduos sem evidências de cardiopatia

FUNDAMENTO: Na prática clínica, atendemos pacientes com diversos índices de massa corporal (IMC), desde pacientes com sobrepeso até pacientes obesos. Esse achado pode ser a única anormalidade clínica aparente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais associadas com aumento do IMC em mulheres e homens assintomáticos, sem qualquer indício de cardiopatia, a fim de obter dados para substanciar recomendações médicas, em uma amostra de estudo da nossa prática diária. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados indivíduos entre 14 e 74 anos de idade (média de 40,5 anos); 295 eram homens (43,1%) e 389 eram mulheres (56,9%). As relações entre IMC estratificado por sexo e as variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais foram analisadas por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e regressão linear múltipla. RESULTADOS: A média do IMC das mulheres (26,15 kg/m²) e dos homens (26,33 kg/m²) não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. No modelo de regressão linear múltipla, a relação colesterol total/fração HDL-colesterol (CT/HDL-C) (beta= 1,1320; p < 0,001) e a glicose sérica (beta= 0,0233; p = 0,023) foram independentemente correlacionadas com o IMC em mulheres. Nos homens, as variáveis que apresentaram correlação independente com o IMC foram a relação CT/HDL-C (beta= 0,793; p < 0,001) e a idade (beta = 0,0464; p = 0,030). CONCLUSÃO: Em mulheres e homens sem nenhum indício de cardiopatia, a relação CT/HDL-C aumentou com o IMC em ambos os sexos. Outros índices associados ao IMC foram glicose sérica nas mulheres e idade nos homens. As variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais associadas ao índice de massa corporal podem diferir quanto ao sexo.