Development of a New Welding Product Quality Control and Management System Model for China

The Chinese welding industry is growing every year due to rapid development of the Chinese economy. Increasingly, companies around the world are looking to use Chinese enterprises as their cooperation partners. However, the Chinese welding industry also has its weaknesses, such as relatively low quality and weak management. A modern, advanced welding management system appropriate for local socio-economic conditions is required to enable Chinese enterprises to enhance further their business development. The thesis researches the design and implementation of a new welding quality management system for China. This new system is called ‗welding production quality control management model in China‘ (WQMC). Constructed on the basis of analysis of a survey and in-company interviews, the welding management system comprises the following different elements and perspectives: a ‗Localized congenital existing problem resolution strategies‘ (LCEPRS) database, a ‗human factor designed training system‘ (HFDT) training strategy, the theory of modular design, ISO 3834 requirements, total welding management (TWM), and lean manufacturing (LEAN) theory. The methods used in the research are literature review, questionnaires, interviews, and the author‘s model design experiences and observations, i.e. the approach is primarily qualitative and phenomenological. The thesis describes the design and implementation of a HFDT strategy in Chinese welding companies. Such training is an effective way to increase employees‘ awareness of quality and issues associated with quality assurance. The study identified widely existing problems in the Chinese welding industry and constructed a LCEPRS database that can be used in efforts to mitigate and avoid common problems. The work uses the theory of modular design, TWM and LEAN as tools for the implementation of the WQMC system.

Controlling full penetration in MAG welding by the application of infrared thermography and neural network

In this study, an infrared thermography based sensor was studied with regard to usability and the accuracy of sensor data as a weld penetration signal in gas metal arc welding. The object of the study was to evaluate a specific sensor type which measures thermography from solidified weld surface. The purpose of the study was to provide expert data for developing a sensor system in adaptive metal active gas (MAG) welding. Welding experiments with considered process variables and recorded thermal profiles were saved to a database for further analysis. To perform the analysis within a reasonable amount of experiments, the process parameter variables were gradually altered by at least 10 %. Later, the effects of process variables on weld penetration and thermography itself were considered. SFS-EN ISO 5817 standard (2014) was applied for classifying the quality of the experiments. As a final step, a neural network was taught based on the experiments. The experiments show that the studied thermography sensor and the neural network can be used for controlling full penetration though they have minor limitations, which are presented in results and discussion. The results are consistent with previous studies and experiments found in the literature.

Photograph - Baie Comeau, welding railway line

A photograph of men working to weld the railway line at Baie Comeau. The caption reads, "Welding railway line as rails joined immediately behind the temporary staff house".

An Application of Augmented Reality (AR) in the Teaching of an Arc Welding Robot

Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging technology that utilizes computer vision methods to overlay virtual objects onto the real world scene so as to make them appear to co-exist with the real objects. Its main objective is to enhance the user’s interaction with the real world by providing the right information needed to perform a certain task. Applications of this technology in manufacturing include maintenance, assembly and telerobotics. In this paper, we explore the potential of teaching a robot to perform an arc welding task in an AR environment. We present the motivation, features of a system using the popular ARToolkit package, and a discussion on the issues and implications of our research.

Servei d'orientació i assessorament laboral (SIAO) : el primer mig any de funcionament. 'Servicio de orientación y asesoramiento laboral (SIAO) : el primer medio año de funcionamiento'.

Resumen tomado de la propia publicación

El dret dels pobles quan un es troba al mig. 'El derecho de los pueblos cuando uno se encuentra en medio'.

La autora da a conocer la carta de una chica testimonio de cómo ha percibido su vida siendo emigrante en Suecia. Narra los cambios de residencia y cultura y las consecuencias a nivel escolar, familiar, personal y social. Asimismo, comenta la política de inmigración sueca que tiene por objetivo la asimilación de los jóvenes inmigrantes para que sean suecos, en vez de cambiar las actitudes en la sociedad para que ellos se sientan aceptados como parte de la misma, independientemente de sus orígenes.

An Alternative Section Method for Casting and Posterior Laser Welding of Metallic Frameworks for an Implant-Supported Prosthesis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of fit of three types of implant-supported frameworks cast in Ni-Cr alloy: specifically, a framework cast as one piece compared to frameworks cast separately in sections to the transverse or the diagonal axis, and later laser welded. Materials and Methods: Three sets of similar implant-supported frameworks were constructed. The first group of six 3-unit implant-supported frameworks were cast as one piece, the second group of six were sectioned in the transverse axis of the pontic region prior to casting, and the last group of six were sectioned in the diagonal axis of the pontic region prior to casting. The sectioned frameworks were positioned in the matrix (10 N(.)cm torque) and laser welded. To evaluate passive fit, readings were made with an optical microscope with both screws tightened and with only one-screw tightened. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer`s test (p < 0.05). Results: When both screws were tightened, no differences were found between the three groups (p > 0.05). In the single-screw-tightened test, with readings made opposite to the tightened side, the group cast as one piece (57.02 +/- 33.48 mu m) was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the group sectioned diagonally (18.92 +/- 4.75 mu m) but no different (p > 0.05) from the group transversally sectioned (31.42 +/- 20.68 mu m). On the tightened side, no significant differences were found between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Results of this study showed that casting diagonally sectioned frameworks lowers misfit levels of prosthetic implant-supported frameworks and also improves the levels of passivity to the same frameworks when compared to structures cast as one piece.

Comparative analysis of the fit of 3-unit implant-supported frameworks cast in nickel-chromium and cobalt-chromium alloys and commercially pure titanium after casting, laser welding, and simulated porcelain firings

This study compared the vertical misfit of 3-unit implant-supported nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy and commercially pure titanium (cpTi) frameworks after casting as 1 piece, after sectioning and laser welding, and after simulated porcelain firings. The results on the tightened side showed no statistically significant differences. On the opposite side, statistically significant differences were found for Co-Cr alloy (118.64 mu m [SD: 91.48] to 39.90 mu m [SD: 27.13]) and cpTi (118.56 mu m [51.35] to 27.87 mu m [12.71]) when comparing 1-piece to laser-welded frameworks. With both sides tightened, only Co-Cr alloy showed statistically significant differences after laser welding. Ni-Cr alloy showed the lowest misfit values, though the differences were not statistically significantly different. Simulated porcelain firings revealed no significant differences.

Modified section method for laser-welding of ill-fitting cp Ti and Ni-Cr alloy one-piece cast implant-supported frameworks

P>This study aimed to verify the effect of modified section method and laser-welding on the accuracy of fit of ill-fitting commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and Ni-Cr alloy one-piece cast frameworks. Two sets of similar implant-supported frameworks were constructed. Both groups of six 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures were cast as one-piece [I: Ni-Cr (control) and II: cp Ti] and evaluated for passive fitting in an optical microscope with both screws tightened and with only one screw tightened. All frameworks were then sectioned in the diagonal axis at the pontic region (III: Ni-Cr and IV: cp Ti). Sectioned frameworks were positioned in the matrix (10-Ncm torque) and laser-welded. Passive fitting was evaluated for the second time. Data were submitted to anova and Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference tests (P < 0 center dot 05). With both screws tightened, one-piece cp Ti group II showed significantly higher misfit values (27 center dot 57 +/- 5 center dot 06 mu m) than other groups (I: 11 center dot 19 +/- 2 center dot 54 mu m, III: 12 center dot 88 +/- 2 center dot 93 mu m, IV: 13 center dot 77 +/- 1 center dot 51 mu m) (P < 0 center dot 05). In the single-screw-tightened test, with readings on the opposite side to the tightened side, Ni-Cr cast as one-piece (I: 58 center dot 66 +/- 14 center dot 30 mu m) was significantly different from cp Ti group after diagonal section (IV: 27 center dot 51 +/- 8 center dot 28 mu m) (P < 0 center dot 05). On the tightened side, no significant differences were found between groups (P > 0 center dot 05). Results showed that diagonally sectioning ill-fitting cp Ti frameworks lowers misfit levels of prosthetic implant-supported frameworks and also improves passivity levels of the same frameworks when compared to one-piece cast structures.

Welding Student at Work

A student in the Welding Department at the New York Trade School is pictured working. Notice the sparks that are being emitted from the equipment. Black and white photograph.

Welding Equipment at the New York Trade School

Pictured is a P & H A.C. Arc Welder that would have been used to teach students in the Welding Department at the New York Trade School. Black and white photograph.

Students at Work in the Welding Department

Several students are pictured in a classroom in the Welding Department at the New York Trade School. Some are shown emerging from welding booths at the right of the photograph. Black and white photograph.

"Tekniken fångar mig" : Hur högstadie- och gymnasieflickor tänker om biologi, kemi, fysik och teknik

Den här studien tar sin utgångspunkt i genusteorier och de naturvetenskapliga och tekniska ämnesområdena i skolsammanhang. Syftet är att undersöka vad flickor tänker om ämnena biologi, kemi, fysik och teknik och hur det påverkar valet av fortsatta studier. I undersökningen deltar flickor i grundskolans årskurs 9 och gymnasiets årskurs 3. I undersökningen användes intervjuer, fokussamtal och enkäter. Resultaten visar att ett personligt ämnesintresse, den egna förmågan och förebilder i familj och kamrater bidrar till att flickor väljer naturvetenskapliga och tekniska studier. Betydelsefullt är att ämnesintresset på något sätt finns i flickornas vardagsliv exempelvis ett naturintresse. Av vikt för att flickorna väljer dessa studier är att de befinner sig i en omgivning, ex familj, som stödjer och främjar naturvetenskapliga och tekniska intressen och studier. Resultaten visar också några av de egenskaper som behövs för att göra gränsöverskridande studieval. Däremot visar resultatet att arbetssätten påverkar i mindre grad till ett personligt intresse för fortsatta studier. Identifieringen med en grupp för att känna tillhörighet är av betydelse i val av ämnesstudier.

Jag kände mig speciell : En systematisk litteraturstudie om patienters upplevelser av möten med sjuksköterskor

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa faktorer av betydelse hos sjuksköterskan för patienten i mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Resultatet grundades på 15 stycken vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Efter analys av insamlad data kunde två huvudteman urskiljas: Sjuksköterskan som bekräftande och lyssnande samt Sjuksköterskan som etiskt kompetent. Att sjuksköterskor mötte patienten utifrån dessa teman visade sig utgöra en förutsättning för att mötet skulle bli vårdande för patienten. Det framkom att det var viktigt för patienten att bli bekräftad av sjuksköterskan på olika sätt och sedd som en unik individ. Bekräftad blev patienten bland annat genom att sjuksköterskan verkligen var närvarande i mötet samt lyhörd för patientens behov. Sjuksköterskan förväntades kunna ge adekvat och tydlig information för att patienten skulle få förståelse för och känna sig trygg med vården. Hon förväntades också stå för patientens känslomässiga stöd samt visa empati för att skapa förtroende hos patienten. Engagemang från sjuksköterskans sida var en positiv faktor i mötet, medan brist på engagemang skapade en känsla hos patienterna av att vara till besvär. Att sjuksköterskan var personlig i mötet uppskattades samt bidrog till att skapa en god relation. För att det skulle kunna bli ett vårdande möte så krävdes att sjuksköterskan tog sig tid. Det visade sig att i många fall upplevde patienterna att sjuksköterskan inte hade tillräckligt med tid för dem. Därtill var sjuksköterskan i mötet ofta mer uppgiftsorienterad än patientcentrerad.

”- hade jag inte en joint på mig då var jag ingen” : En kvalitativ studie ur ett narrativt perspektiv

Jag har valt att göra en kvalitativ studie om droger bland unga vuxna människor i åldrarna 18-25 år. Syftet med studien var att utifrån livsberättelser, undersöka om och i så fall hur droger har påverkat dem samt hur de upplever sin egen tillvaro i samhället. I min studie har jag valt att använda mig av en narrativ metod vilket innebär att jag ur ett livshistorieperspektiv har undersökt hur mina respondenter själva samtalar om sina liv och droger. Studien grundar sig således på tre respondenters livsberättelser.Tillsammans med teorier såsom symbolisk interaktionism och Goldbergs stämplingsteori och tidigare forskning inom området, tolkar och förklarar jag det respondenterna har delat med sig av sina tankar och känslor för mig, för att sprida en förståelse för deras uppväxt, vägen in i och under ett missbruk samt deras väg mot en drogfrihet.De sociala relationerna har kommit att spela en stor roll i respondenternas berättelser. Det sociala nätverket måste fungera för unga vuxna med missbruksproblem, detta gäller inte bara för att komma till beslut utan även under själva processen ut ur deras missbruk. Studiens resultat påvisar att när dessa tre unga vuxna kommer bort från sitt missbruk kommer de också att uppleva en samhörighet med andra människor. De kommer att uppleva en tillvaro som ger en mening med deras liv, genom nya nyktra sociala relationer.