O Processo de reterritorialização de produtores assentados na campanha gaúcha

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o processo de reterritorialização de produtores assentados na Campanha Gaúcha, suas formas de produção e as mudanças que são empregadas ao território ocupado. Busca, também, analisar o desenvolvimento da propriedade familiar em um lugar considerado como o berço do latifúndio pecuarista no Estado. Também são objetivos desta pesquisa o entendimento das mudanças que são empregadas pelos assentamentos, a dinâmica das comunidades em que se instalam, bem como a opção por formas de produção (agroecologia) que vão contra o poder localmente constituído. O estudo parte de uma abordagem histórica sobre a estruturação do espaço agrário brasileiro, passando pela ocupação do território Rio-grandense, pela construção da Campanha Gaúcha, pela criação dos assentamentos na Campanha, pelas formas de produção nos assentamentos e a sua expressão no território estudado, considerado como o território dos assentamentos. A área deste estudo foi a Regional de Bagé, composta pelos municípios de Bagé, Hulha Negra, Candiota e Aceguá, que congregam um número expressivo de assentamentos na região (aproximadamente 50) e também por configurar-se como o lugar de “nascimento” da idéia de produção agroecológica dentro dos assentamentos. Neste estudo, os processos de des/reterritorialização foram analisados tendo como base as relações de poder que são exercidas através dos processos produtivos e das concepções de sociedade/identidade territorial que ambos empregam ao território.

A "Estrada perdida" de Telmo Vergara

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Le mal comme transgression dans l'écume des jours ou le récit d'un passage raté au monde adulte

O objetivo deste trabalho é primeiramente demonstrar como os personagens de L’Écume des jours vivem num mundo da primazia da individualidade e do instante presente em oposição ao mundo dos adultos, fundado na preocupação com o dia de amanhã e com os interesses coletivos. Em seguida, tentamos provar que a harmonia desse mundo em que evoluem nossos personagens é rompida pelo casamento do casal Colin/Chloé. E também desvelar em que medida os protagonistas – Colin e Chloé – aderem aos valores do mundo adulto através do casamento. Para tanto, utilizamos sobretudo a base teórica da obra de Georges Bataille: La Littérature et le mal. Nessa obra, o escritor, ensaísta e pensador francês afirma que a literatura, enquanto expressão da individualidade, representa uma transgressão da ordem estabelecida. Assim o que pôde ser equivocadamente considerado como mal, de fato, são apenas manifestações (ou tentativas) de trangressão. Bataille coloca do lado do bem as preocupações coletivas de acumulação de bens e de perpetuação da espécie, fundados na razão e no cálculo. Do outro lado, o do mal, o pensador coloca a criança que representa a fruição do momento presente, o lazer, fundados na paixão. Por outro lado, com a intenção de compreender melhor o tecido narrativo da obra L’Écume des jours, procedemos, antes dessa análise temática, a um estudo da organização da narrativa no qual examinamos pontos como o narrador, o tempo e o espaço, os personagens e a dinâmica da ação.

Fragmented messages : a reading of L.P. Hartley's novel The go-between

A intenção deste trabalho é efetuar uma leitura do romance O Mensageiro, do autor inglês L.P. Hartley, na forma de uma jornada ao país estrangeiro do passado do protagonista-narrador. Tal leitura é uma espécie de convite aceito para a viagem, que esteticamente deixa sugestões sob a forma de truques, fragmentos de mensagens veladas, expressões ambíguas, sombras, vazios no caminho. Todavia, Mercúrio, o mensageiro dos antigos deuses, o protetor dos viajantes, o trapaceiro, é agora um ser indistinto, cuja imagem e função passou por grandes transformações ao longo da viagem até a modernidade. Guerras, restos de experiências traumáticas coletivas e pessoais são recuperadas na rota movediça do narrador melancólico, sob a forma de substância própria para a narração. Nietzsche e Walter Benjamin são companheiros na trajetória, provendo o suporte teórico básico para a viagem.

O homem suspenso, de João de Melo : da condição histórica à consciência histórica

Esta dissertação promove uma investigação literária do romance O homem suspenso do português João de Melo, tendo como horizonte teórico a obra Tempo e narrativa do filósofo francês Paul Ricoeur. A investigação proposta gira em torno da apreciação do homem como ser político, poeticamente construído. Nesta perspectiva, tornou-se relevante a questão da “referência” debatida a partir do conceito ricoeuriano de mimese tripartida.

La nation et ses mutations : une lecture d'une paix royale, roman belge francophone contemporain de Pierre Mertens

O presente estudo tem como objeto final a análise do romance belga francófono contemporâneo Une paix royale, publicado em 1995 por Pierre Mertens. No que diz respeito a um espaço nacional sem conformidade com o modelo canônico do Estadonação, quer-se evidenciar o estatuto de uma poética romanesca no seu processo de invenção do mito da nação e as peculiaridades da representação nacional que essa poética contribui a gerar. Tal abordagem do texto literário tem como pressuposto um estudo teórico sobre o conceito de nação, do qual são apresentadas uma história e uma definição. Também é levada em consideração a natureza das relações que a ficção romanesca estabelece com o mito da nação: a invenção do mesmo – que pode incluir sua desconstrução - utiliza uma linguagem específica da qual o romance e o campo literário em geral são enunciadores privilegiados. Essas considerações teóricas abrem caminho para um método interpretativo de textos francófonos que são os portadores contemporâneos do mito da nação belga, ou seja, manifestos publicados por intelectuais e por escritores entre 1976 e 2003, e o romance Une paix royale. A tese manifesta o papel criativo das Letras belgas francófonas na renovação da nação, que conserva uma atualidade

O lugar do tempo : experiência e tradição em Walter Benjamin

A presente dissertação versa sobre o conceito de experiência em Walter Benjamin. Discute, por conseguinte, a relação que esse conceito mantém com a tradição, a memória, a arte, o tempo, a história e a linguagem no corpus filosófico do autor em questão. Essa constelação de conceitos mantém estreita relação com a religião e a antropologia. Nesse sentido, o texto procura investigar, para além do conhecimento filosófico do autor, as referências antropológicas que constituiriam o substrato místico e político do pensamento benjaminiano sobre a experiência. Walter Benjamin é um pensador da modernidade, escreve a partir dela e para ela. A literatura, como forma de expressão histórica, é basicamente a modalidade artística por intermédio da qual o “filósofo da aura” lê o tempo, a história. A experiência estética, por seu turno, representa o termo em que se sintetiza no autor a modificação da experiência enquanto tal na era moderna. Como crítico cuidadoso da cultura, Benjamin é também seu maior protetor.

Estrutura econômica, mercado de trabalho e evolução sócio-ocupacional no Rio Grande do Norte 2001 a 2008: reflexo de uma condição mercantil e estruturalmente periférica

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the evolution of the socio-occupational status in Rio Grande do Norte from 2001 to 2008, based on the characterization of the socio-economic status of this State from the analysis of labor market norte-rio-grandense . The study, specifically, drew a comparison between the dynamics of the labor market in Rio Grande do Norte and the capital city, Natal. From this perspective, the purpose was to make a relationship between the social division of labor and its effects on the socio-spatial division, represented in the "macro scale" by the federal unit and the "micro level" for the capital; locus of economic and population concentration. The collection of data on the labor market had as a major source PNAD/IBGE, characterizing the labor market in many ways: people of working age, economically active population and employed and unemployed people, classified by age, sex, color, education, income and social protection condition. However, as for the socio-occupational division, we follow the methodology used by the research group on national television, based in IPPUR /UFRJ, called Monitoring of the Metropolis," which rallied twenty-four groups that aggregate the occupations found in the PNAD/IBGE, in eight groups of socio-occupational categories, according to the similarity between them. It was used in the socio-spatial cutting two relevant discussions, which are inter-related and were characterized as crucial points in developing the research problem: the former was related to the influence of the hegemony of merchant capital in the labor market in Rio Grande North and, the latter, it referred the socio-economic relations between the territory and the variable occupation. Lastly, the results all indicated that in Rio Grande do Norte, as a peripheral state, has suffered the devastating influence of the hegemony of capital purely commercial basis, where "wealth" of capitalism is generated through the sphere of mere movement of goods and services rather than a productive process due to the social relations of production more advanced. We have a little advanced economic structure, with a tertiary sector that has propagated under-employment or disguised unemployment. Similarly, the agricultural sector has been presented as an example of greater social degradation of working conditions in the state. The secondary sector, in turn, also was not behind this uncertainty; on the contrary, confirmed that condition, with poor levels of income, low education of the workforce and a high degree of social helplessness, even in the state capital, space full urban area, which although always appear with a favorable condition compared to Province, in practically most of the variables studied, was also reflected at the same time the author of a structurally underdeveloped condition

Indústria cultural e forró eletrônico no Rio Grande do Norte

The present study aimed to understand how and to what extent the electronic forró, currently hegemonic in the music market in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, establishes and maintains relations of domination in the social contexts in which it is produced, transmitted and received. Based, in significant form-content, on the writings of the first generation of theorists of the so-called Frankfurt School (Critical Theory), particularly with Theodor W. Adorno, and systematically using the contributions of the Cultural Studies (from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies of Birmingham) and of the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, this study aimed to perform, in the fertile intersection of these references, a critical possibility of interpretation of the electronic forró predominantly spread in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, aiming at a better apprehension of the so-called capital circuits/culture circuits , this study resulted from a qualitative investment of research, based on structured interviews with musicians, entrepreneurs of the sector and music consumers, as well as on the analysis of the themes contained in the official discography of the electronic forró band called Garota Safada (Shameless Girl). As a general empirical conclusion, it was possible to infer that far from the significant presence of domination or mere prevalence of oppositions, there is a relational pluralism of forms of domination and ways of resistances present in the production and consumption of electronic forró, regardless of gender, age, income, education or place of residence. However, the artifices of the cultural industry has been shown to be efficient: from large-scale businessmen to small producers enabled by the so-called open markets . The currentness of the concept of cultural industry is based on the idea that its products are offered systematically (the systematic insistence of everything to everyone) and on the notion that its production primarily meets the administrative criteria of control over the effects on the receiver (capacity of prescription of desires). Thus, the Adornian reflection on the pseudo-individualization leads to the inference that even in some of the most apparent ways of negotiation and/or refusal regarding the consumption of forró, certain behaviors of the cultural industry still prevail both in the very (re)interpretation of the forró and in the choice of other music genres also standardized, rationalized and massified. Therefore, despite the absence of cause-effect relation and the recognition of the popular capacity of re-elaboration and contestation of the media consumption, some world views prevailing in relation to the electronic forró establish or, at least, support some hegemonic ideologies, especially those concerning the life style, consumption and genre relations (fun by all means). Therefore, due the massification of certain songs, some ways of dissemination of values, beliefs and feelings are potentially experienced from the electronic forró. So, it is presumable that in the current advance of the process of semiformation (Halbbildung), the habitus of a part of the youth from the state of Rio Grande do Norte reinforces and is reinforced by the centrality of the trinomial fun, love and sex present in the songs, emphasized in some constructive practices of sense and in certain flows of social significance

Ideais formativos de homem da emissora de Educação Rural de Caicó (Rio Grande do Norte, 1963-1978)

Under the aegis of the third diocese bishop of Caicó, Dom Manuel Tavares de Araújo, the Broadcasting Station of Rural Education of that city was founded, in May 1 s" 1963 with the ideal of being then an educational city, preferentially for youths and adults, rural meu and women of the arca of Seridó in Rio Grande do Norte state. In the year of its 40th birthday (2003), we began the investigation of that radio station choosing as study object its educational and formative programming, in the inc1usion of the first fifteen years of its existence (1963-1978), period that reaches the official inauguration of the Radio Station and the end of the bishopric of its fOllllder as Bishop of Caicó. Elucidating and showing Man's formative ideaIs longed by that Catholic educational broadcasting station, underlying to its radiophonic programming, such as the idealization for it reached, is the objective of this Doctorate work. It was considered pertinent to discover the guidelines that historically have permeated the Social Doçtrine of the Catholic Church addressing its aggiornamento, especially in what concerns to the employment of the modern ways of communication for the distance with the aim of evangelizing and educating. In arder to understand the ideaIs of the investigated educational Radio, we have delimited the research to the thematic Catholic Church, means of social communication and base education. In face of the study object and the aim to be reached it was appealed, methodologically, to the notion of cultural action present in Certeau (1995), and to the understanding of educational formation backgrounded fIam the modern thinkers that discuss it. Such frame references have allowed us to analyze in a wider spectrum tl)e programming broadcasted on the air by the sound wavys of that educ(itional Çatholic Radio, as well as, the very acts of cultural idealizations that has orientated it in its foundations. The thesis here defended is that. the Radio, at procJaiming itself as a broadcasting station of rural education directed preferably to the rural sertanejo countrymen, without neglecting its admitted ends, has surpassed them in its overall range. It was identified an articulate approach of its programmatic modules with the guid,elines emanateq from the Catholic Teaching about the use of the. means of social communication. At conceiving, establishin,g and executing an ec1ectic programmatic and div,ersified grating, the Rural Radio of Caicó has transcended to a strict human-Christian formation to request the development of the human, spiritual and cQrporaldimensions, jointly. With suchprogramming, it addressed to the seridoenses as real meu and women inserted in the "sertanej.o" environment with effective structural and existential problems of alI types, induding the hunger, the thirst, the syndical organization, the cQoperativism, the colIective modero work and the absence of universalizing school education. Its radiophonic transmissions, I}lled by the demands of an enlarged, open, dialogic and responsible communication, wheneIllbracing dedicated modules to religious and catechetical emissions, to the entertainment, to the radiojoumalism, to the country root culture, and to the school education of b se for the modality of the School and of the radiophonic classes, subsumed to ideaIs that longed for the formation of a multifaceted and pluridimensional sertanejo Man; of men and women that, without abjuring the Catholicism, were able to understand, to dialogued and to live together with the general demands of a society in progressive mutation, whose economical, social, cultural and educational demands it IDade themselves to be felt through the sertão potiguar of the Serido region, equal way of the intemationalized world

Mãe-esposa e professora: educadoras no final do século XIX

This text is organized through discussions undertaken in the area of the History of Education in Rio Grande do Norte, circumscribed to the History of Women from the first decades of the Brazilian Republic, and to the analysis of what was expected of this education. We examined representations of women in Natal, between 1889 and 1914, with the goal of configuring relations between the sexes with the emphasis on moral, intellectual and pedagogical aspects required of these women. As documental sources we utilized the educational, civil and criminal Legislation, on a National scope, as well as on a State and Municipal scope. We circumscribed our search to the newspaper A República, in which we found literature that circulated in Natal in the form of pamphlets, short stories and poetry, as well as other texts by authors that were part of the corpus of analysis of this study, located in public and private archives in Rio Grande do Norte, such as the Historical and Geographic Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN) and the State Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte (APE-RN). The use of the indexing method and the propositions of Cultural History were the appropriate theoretical-methodological framework to complete studies of this nature. This operational perspective permitted us to elaborate nuances about this time of transition from the 19th to the 20th Century, and to spotlight the fire of the women from this period. The basis of the argument that related women to maternity and domesticity, and within the ideals of abnegation and religious leadership, aligned to a demand coming from the increase in the quantity of schools for women, allocated women as the most appropriate for superior in educational performance in the country, based on its foundations: primary education. Beyond the universe of formal education, the other side of women appeared in republican politics. The mother-spouse and the institutionalization of domestic education associated the female gender with the role of educator at home as well. Be it in the public sphere, as a teacher, or in private, as mother-spouse, female care is perceived in this configuration, as an educational base that the Republic, and in transition, bequeathed to the Brazilian 20th Century

Fatores que afetam a competitividade na produção de hortaliças orgânicas no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The Brazilian organic market has growing year by year, and this commercialization is extremely important to the country, because it allows a bigger preoccupation with the environmental preservation, as well as to create employments and income to the rural workers. However, is necessary that these producers define forms of competition in the market, the way how they will compete, focusing aspects that really matters to the clients. So, the work objective is investigate, based in the rural producers perceptions, the facts which affect the competition the production of organics vegetables in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. With the aim of contribute to the made of strategic decisions related to the production and commercialization of these products in the agriculture scenery norte-rio-grandense, besides to contribute with information about the competition, helping as reference to others important researches. In the methodological view, this study can be qualified as an applied research study, with descriptive objective and quantitative approach. The instrument used was the formulary, resuming to producers of organics products in Rio Grande do Norte state, that grows the segment of organic types of vegetables and greens, been thirty two producers. The data was treated through of the descriptive analyze and the Cluster s analyze. The descriptive research results indicate that the main factors which affect the competition of the organics products in our State are the cost, the diversification and reliability. The Cluster s analyze shows that exists am group of organics producers who uses frequently a specialized technique and they give support to the bigger retail market, as supermarkets

O discurso autobiográfico nos relatos de viagem de Nísia Floresta

En plein XIXe siècle, Nísia Floresta Brasileira Augusta a écrit sur deux voyages faits en Europe. Quelques années plus tard, cette norte-rio-grandense a livré au public ses récits de voyage : Itinéraire d un voyage en Allemagne (1857) et Trois ans en Italie Suivis d un Voyage en Grèce (1864/1872). Malgré les particularités qui entourent chacun de ces récits, un aspect y est fortement présent : les marques autobiographiques. Notre travail a comme principal objectif enquêter comment se manifeste ce discours autobiographique. A partir de l‟Analyse du Discours, nous avons travaillé quelques positionnements sur certaines oeuvres littéraires, comme par exemple, le fait qu‟elles aient plus d‟un genre. Ce qui se passe dans les récits de voyage de Nísia Floresta est semblable, car au-délà de raconter le passage de Nísia par ces lieux, nous pouvons trouver des caractéristiques qui appartiennent à l‟écriture fragmentaire, autobiographique et épistolaire. Devant les propositions indiquées par Philippe Lejeune, nous avons pu confirmer que ces récits de Nísia font partie de l‟écriture autobiographique. Sous l‟optique de quelques théories, nous avons parcouru des points intéressants qui enveloppent ces récits et, de cette façon, nous avons voyagé avec Nísia Floresta par l‟Allemagne et ultérieurement par l‟Italie et Grèce, en connaissant ainsi, pas seulement un peu plus sur ces lieux, mais beaucoup de confidences sur cette écrivain potiguar, qui a ouvert son coeur au plublic

Terra Natal, de Ferreira Itajubá, e a permanência do romantismo

In this dissertation we argue that the work Terra Natal, by the poet Ferreira Itajubá, presents, predominantly, themes and forms typical of the Romantic period, although it came out in 1914, when the romantic aesthetic was no longer popular in Brazilian Literature. Firstly, we discuss about Ferreira Itajubá s biography, his bibliographic production as well as the critical fortune of his works. Secondly, we outline the course of the Romantic Movement from its emergence in Europe to its arrival in Brazil as well as its impact in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Finally, we analyze of Terra Natal, taking into account other aspects such as context and structure through the analysis of the poems VII, IX, XVIII, XXI and also of the song Viola , inserted in the poem VIII. We highlight the following romantic themes during the analysis: exile, nostalgia for the past, cult of native land, the romantic view of woman, projection of soul s state on nature, and religiosity. We will try to create dialogues between Terra Natal and works of popular Romantic Brazilian writers, such as Gonçalves Dias, Casimiro de Abreu, José de Alencar,Visconde de Taunay and Castro Alves, in order to show the affiliation of the above-referenced work and the Romantic ideals

Coerção e ruptura estilísticas na poesia potiguar: a construção do ethos inventivo do poeta Jorge Fernandes

Within the poetic scenario of Rio Grande do Norte the publication of Livro de Poemas de Jorge Fernandes, in 2007, marks, in the imagery of the Potiguar community of poetry readers, producers and critics, the beginning of the social circulation of an inventive ethos associated with the poet Jorge Fernandes de Oliveira (1887-1953). Regarding the event mentioned earlier as a point of reference, this research investigates the construction of such ethos based on the counterpoint between the poet s individual stylistic choices and the stylistic options that prevailed in the lyric production of the Twenties in the 20th Century. The corpus comprises poetic texts (by the poet under discussion and by other poets who were, then, regarded as icons of the poetry of Rio Grande do Norte) and texts representative of local literary criticism (produced both during the Twenties and in other decades of the last century). Support to this analysis is grounded in Mikhail Bakhtin s theory of the utterance (mainly regarding style) and in Dominique Maingueneau s theory of the utterance (mainly regarding ethos). During the course of this investigation, the research has outlined an inventory of the prevailing individual stylistic choices of Jorge Fernandes de Oliveira and the reasons why such choices point out towards the inventive ethos associated with the poet.