It’s all about networking! Empirical investigation of social capital formation on social network sites

As Social Network Sites (SNS) permeate our daily routines, the question whether participation results in value for SNS users becomes particularly acute. This study adopts a 'participation-source-outcome' perspective to explore how distinct uses of SNS generate various types of social capital benefits. Building on existing research, extensive qualitative findings and an empirical study with 253 Facebook users, we uncover the process of social capital formation on SNS. We find that even though active communication is an important prerequisite, it is the diversified network structure and the increased social connectedness that are responsible for the attainment of the four benefits of social capital on SNS: emotional support, networking value, horizon broadening and offline participation. Moreover, we propose and validate scales to measure social capital benefits in the novel context of SNS.

Social capital and adolescent health risk behavior in El Salvador

An emerging body of research suggests that the social capital available in one's social environment, as defined by supportive and caring interpersonal relationships, may provide a protective effect against a number of youth risk behaviors. In exploring the potential protective effect of social capital at school and at home on adolescent health and social risk behavior, a comprehensive youth risk behavior study was carried out in El Salvador during the summer of 1999 with a sample of 984 secondary school students attending 16 public rural and urban schools. The following dissertation, entitled Social Capital and Adolescent Health Risk Behavior in El Salvador, presents three papers centered on the topics of social capital and risk behavior. ^ Paper #1. Dangers in the Adolescent River of Life: A Descriptive Study of Youth Risk Behavior among Urban and Rural presents prevalence estimates of four principal youth risk behavior domains—aggression, depression, substance use, and sexual behaviors among students primarily between the ages of 13 and 17 who attend public schools in El Salvador. The prevalence and distribution of risk behaviors is examined by gender, geographic school location, age, and subjective economic status. ^ Paper #2. Social Capital and Adolescent Health Risk Behavior among Secondary School Students in El Salvador explores the relationship between social resources (social capital) within the school context and several youth risk behaviors. Results indicated that students who perceived higher social cohesion at school and higher parental social support were significantly less likely to report fighting, having been threatened or hurt with a weapon, suicidal ideation, and sexual intercourse than students with lower perceived social cohesion at school and parental social support after adjusting for several socio-demographic variables. ^ Lastly, paper #3. School Health Environment and Social Capital : Moving beyond the individual to the broader social developmental context provides a theoretical and empirical basis for moving beyond the predominant individual-focus and physical health concerns of school health promotion to the larger social context of schools and social health of students. This paper explores the concept of social capital and relevant adolescent development theories in relation to the influence of social context on adolescent health and behavior. ^

A focused ethnographic study of community social capital

Social capital, a relatively new public health concept, represents the intangible resources embedded in social relationships that facilitate collective action. Current interest in the concept stems from empirical studies linking social capital with health outcomes. However, in order for social capital to function as a meaningful research variable, conceptual development aimed at refining the domains, attributes, and boundaries of the concept are needed. An existing framework of social capital (Uphoff, 2000), developed from studies in India, was selected for congruence with the inductive analysis of pilot data from a community that was unsuccessful at mobilizing collective action. This framework provided the underpinnings for a formal ethnographic research study designed to examine the components of social capital in a community that had successfully mobilized collective action. The specific aim of the ethnographic study was to examine the fittingness of Uphoff's framework in the contrasting American community. A contrasting context was purposefully selected to distinguish essential attributes of social capital from those that were specific to one community. Ethnographic data collection methods included participant observation, formal interviews, and public documents. Data was originally analyzed according to codes developed from Uphoff's theoretical framework. The results from this analysis were only partially satisfactory, indicating that the theoretical framework required refinement. The refinement of the coding system resulted in the emergence of an explanatory theory of social capital that was tested with the data collected from formal fieldwork. Although Uphoff's framework was useful, the refinement of the framework revealed, (1) trust as the dominant attribute of social capital, (2) efficacy of mutually beneficial collective action as the outcome indicator, (3) cognitive and structural domains more appropriately defined as the cultural norms of the community and group, and (4) a definition of social capital as the combination of the cognitive norms of the community and the structural norms of the group that are either constructive or destructive to the development of trust and the efficacy of mutually beneficial collective action. This explanatory framework holds increased pragmatic utility for public health practice and research. ^

Economía Social, Desarrollo Local y Alianzas Progresivas : El caso de Rosario

Este trabajo pretende vincular dos campos de relativa importancia política, social y económica en el contexto del nuevo siglo: el Desarrollo Local y la Economía Social. Basado en esas dos corrientes, este trabajo focaliza las relaciones de carácter político establecidas entre representantes de diferentes sectores de la sociedad, con el objetivo común de transformarla, a partir de la noción de Alianzas Progresivas. La idea de Alianzas Progresivas expresa las relaciones políticas de un conjunto de distintos actores de una determinada sociedad, en la que acuerdos, pactos y estrategias son realizados en varios niveles. Se trata de la construcción participativa de un plan basado en un proyecto político alternativo a partir del enfoque del ?Desarrollo desde la perspectiva de la Economía Social?. Esta investigación busca saber cuáles son los límites y posibilidades de relaciones del tipo Alianzas Progresivas en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, a partir del estudio de las relaciones políticas existentes entre actores involucrados en el desarrollo de experiencias del campo de la Economía Social

Economía Social, Desarrollo Local y Alianzas Progresivas : El caso de Rosario

Este trabajo pretende vincular dos campos de relativa importancia política, social y económica en el contexto del nuevo siglo: el Desarrollo Local y la Economía Social. Basado en esas dos corrientes, este trabajo focaliza las relaciones de carácter político establecidas entre representantes de diferentes sectores de la sociedad, con el objetivo común de transformarla, a partir de la noción de Alianzas Progresivas. La idea de Alianzas Progresivas expresa las relaciones políticas de un conjunto de distintos actores de una determinada sociedad, en la que acuerdos, pactos y estrategias son realizados en varios niveles. Se trata de la construcción participativa de un plan basado en un proyecto político alternativo a partir del enfoque del ?Desarrollo desde la perspectiva de la Economía Social?. Esta investigación busca saber cuáles son los límites y posibilidades de relaciones del tipo Alianzas Progresivas en la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina, a partir del estudio de las relaciones políticas existentes entre actores involucrados en el desarrollo de experiencias del campo de la Economía Social

Exploring the role of social capital influence variables on travel behaviour

This paper explores the potential role of individual trip characteristics and social capital network variables in the choice of transport mode. A sample of around 100 individuals living or working in one suburb of Madrid (i.e. Las Rosas district of Madrid) participated in a smartphone short panel survey, entering travel data for an entire working week. A Mixed Logit model was estimated with this data to analyze shifts to metro as a consequence of the opening of two new stations in the area. Apart from classical explanatory variables, such as travel time and cost, gender, license and car ownership, the model incorporated two “social capital network” variables: participation in voluntary activities and receiving help for various tasks (i.e. child care, housekeeping, etc.). Both variables improved the capacity of the model to explain transport mode shifts. Further, our results confirm that the shift towards metro was higher in the case of people “helped” and lower for those participating in some voluntary activities.

Capital social, capital relacional e innovación: un análisis de su incidencia en el desarrollo del distrito de Arequipa, Perú

El capital social –que según algunos autores contiene también el capital relacional- es el elemento que posibilita que la sociedad se mantenga unida, en otras palabras es el “pegamento social”. El rol de los elementos que le constituyen, y que son en su mayoría inmateriales, ha comenzado a cobrar mayor importancia en los diversos aspectos de la vida, de manera especial en el ámbito económico. Por otro lado, una de las diversas perspectivas que se encargan del desarrollo territorial (Camagni, 2003) ofrece un marco teórico general que engloba en un solo modelo tanto el capital social como el capital relacional y los procesos innovadores; entendiendo este último elemento como aquel que desempeña un papel fundamental en los procesos de crecimiento económico. La ubicación geográfica del presente estudio es la ciudad de Arequipa, que es la segunda en importancia en Perú después de Lima –la ciudad capital-. Arequipa ha experimentado los últimos años importantes índices de crecimiento económico, sin embargo, en muchos aspectos este hecho no ha significado una mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo general acercarse al estado del capital social, del capital relacional y de la innovación en el distrito de Arequipa. Dentro de los objetivos específicos, y en lo referido a la innovación, se busca conocer el estado de la innovación en las organizaciones del distrito y determinar el estado de desarrollo de ésta. En lo respectivo al segundo tema, se busca caracterizar el estado del capital social y del capital relacional y explorar si existen elementos que sean comunes con el estado de la innovación. La metodología se fundamenta en el análisis cualitativo y a través de entrevistas con ciudadanos en lo referido al capital social y al capital relacional. Se hizo, asimismo, un relevamiento con trabajadores de diversas organizaciones sobre el estado de la innovación. Con esta información se obtuvieron resultados que dan cuenta de la riqueza de las relaciones sociales analizadas...

Linking tourism, retirement migration and social capital

A general trend in the study of international retirement migration has been the increased attention paid to the social contacts and network connections of the migrants in both the destination and the origin areas. These studies have examined the extent to which migrants build social relationships with their neighbours and the host society while also maintaining social links with their countries of origin, addressing the central role that leisure travel plays in sustaining increasingly dispersed social networks and maintaining the social capital of these networks and of the individuals involved in them. Using a case study approach to examine British retirement migration to Spain, we explore the relevance of transnational social networks in the context of international retirement migration, particularly the intensity of bidirectional visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism flows and the migrants’ social contacts with friends and/or family back in their home country. Building on the concept of social capital and Putnam's distinction between bonding and bridging social capital, we propose a framework for the analysis of the migrants’ international social networks. The results of a study conducted based on a sample of 365 British retirees living in the coast of Alicante (Spain) show both the strength of the retirees’ international bonding social capital and the role of ‘VFR's travel and communication technologies in sustaining the migrants’ transnational social practices and, ultimately, their international bonding social capital. It also provides evidence for the reinforcing links between tourism-related mobility and amenity-seeking migration in later life.