Abordajes teóricos en la comprensión de la influencia de los recursos económicos en la actividad física

Estudio cualitativo que analiza los abordajes teóricos utilizados por diferentes autores en la comprensión de la influencia de los recursos económicos en la actividad física desde los modelos de determinantes y determinación social.

L'educació en el lleure a Girona. Les iniciatives de l'administració, l'església i la societat civil (1900-1981)

La tesi presenta una descripció i reflexió històrica de les diferents iniciatives que en educació en el temps lliure s'han donat a la ciutat de Girona des de començament de segle XX fins a l'any 1981 quan té lloc el traspàs de competències en matèria de lleure i joventut a la Generalitat de Catalunya i des d'aquesta instància es realitza la primera normativa pel que fa a la constitució d'Escoles d'Educadors en el Lleure i es legisla també respecte a la formació de monitors i directors d'activitats de lleure infantil i juvenil. Les iniciatives son presentades a traves de tres grans capítols segons la instància promotora de cada activitat: L' administració (entenent per aquesta les diferents instancies de l'aparell administratiu públic a nivell municipal, provincial autonòmic o republicà i central), l'església (reduint-se en aquest cas a les iniciatives promogudes per l'església catòlica, majoritàriament a nivell diocesà, i en alguns casos a nivell parroquial) i finalment, la societat civil (entenent en aquest sector les iniciatives que han estat promogudes des del sector privat i de l'associacionisme). Des de cada un d'aquest grans sectors s'estudien les intervencions que amb una intencionalitat educativa clarament explícita s'han portat a la pràctica durant el temps lliure dels infants i joves gironins a través d'activitats i moviments coneguts com les colònies, els casals d'estiu, els campaments, l'escoltisme, etc. En cada una d'aquestes experiències analitzem les finalitats, la proposta metodològica, la formació dels responsables i els infants i joves que hi participen. A través d'aquesta recerca es pretén aportar un material que ajudi a configurar una petita part de la historia de l'educació no formal tot recuperant també un material vàlid per a la reflexió i teorització sobre l'educació en el temps lliure. Pel que fa a les iniciatives de l'administració sobresurten les obres que es promouen a nivell de l'Ajuntament de Girona: les colònies escolars municipals i les guarderies-casals municipals d'abans del franquisme, les colònies organitzades des de serveis socials durant la transició democràtica i la constitució i els primers passos de l'Àrea de Joventut. Es presenten també les iniciatives realitzades a la ciutat de Girona des d'altres instàncies: a nivell de la Diputació de Girona les colònies de la Llar Infantil a nivell provincial les colònies promogudes per la Delegación Pronvincial de Enseñanza Primaria de Gerona i pel que fa a l'administració central es presenta l'impacte de l'actuació que el moviment feixista del regim franquista va tenir a Girona a través del Frente de Juventudes, la Sección Femenina i la Organització Juvenil Espanyola. També en aquest capítol de l'administració es comenten les primeres actuacions de la Generalitat de Catalunya a Girona a partir de l'any 1981. En el capítol de l'església les obres que s'estudien són fonamentalment de caire diocesà. Hi trobem els Casals d'Estiu -obra genuïnament gironina-, l'Escoltisme Catòlic Català, la Federació de Joves Cristians i els Avantguardistes gironins, la Joventut d'Acció Catòlica, la Joventut Obrera Catòlica, el Moviment Infantil i Juvenil d'Acció Catòlica, Hora-3 i el Servei de Colònies de Vacances. Hi ha també l'estudi d'altres moviments al marge de la pastoral del bisbat. En aquest cas parlem de l'Oratori Festiu dels Salesians, la Congregació Mariana de Girona -amb els Lluïsos, els Estanislaus, eIs Montañeros de Santa Maria i l'Acolliment Centre de Joves- i els Exploradores de España de "La Salle". Tot plegat fa que la iniciativa de l'església sigui la mes àmplia i la protagonista de bona part del moviment d'educació en el lleure de la ciutat de Girona. Pel que fa a la iniciativa pròpia de la Societat Civil es molt més minsa i amb una incidència reduïda fonamentalment en dos períodes concrets: la II República i la transició i etapa democràtica. Amb tot, en el primer terç de segle trobem l'obra dels Exploradores de España, les Padrines de Girona i els Pomells de Joventut. També a finals dels anys vint cal parlar de la iniciativa de les Colònies Escolars a través del diari EI Autonomista. Durant la II Republica podem parlar Palestra i dels Minyons de Muntanya. En el trist període franquista sols cal parlar de dues iniciatives que malgrat no ser autènticament promogudes des de la societat civil, les hem presentat en aquest apartat. Es tracta dels casals de l'associació Amigos de los Niños i de les colònies del Patronato Escolar de Suburbios de Gerona. A partir de la transició democràtica neixen iniciatives esporàdiques amb voluntat de fer una tasca educativa en el temps lliure i és també en aquesta època quan s'estructura el moviment de Rialles a nivell dels Països Catalans. A través de la recerca es detecta una manca de propostes d'educació en el lleure per part de la societat civil. Sobresurt l'acció de l'església que ha sabut adaptar-se als diferents períodes socio-educatius exercint a través d'aquest àmbit diferents funcions: compensatòria, d'adoctrinament i control o de suplència. S'evidencia també com el temps lliure passa a ser considerat un àmbit plenament educatiu quan el carrer deixa de ser considerat un entorn negatiu a evitar i passa a ser entès com un espai educatiu a aprofitar. Pel que fa als participants, no es pot concretar a nivell general quina de les tres iniciatives és la mes popular o elitista. Hi ha experiències de tot tant per part de l'Administració, com de l'Església i també de la Societat Civil. Val a dir però, que les iniciatives promogudes des de l'administració municipal han estat majoritàriament properes a la població gironina més necessitada. També en aquest sentit cal ressaltar el treball realitzat des del bisbat a partir dels anys seixanta a través dels casals d'estiu i de les colònies de vacances.

Estilos de vida: actividade física e sedentarismo dos alunos da Escola Secundária de São João do Estoril

RESUMO:Uma boa parte da mortalidade na idade adulta têm origem em comportamentos iniciados na adolescência, como sedentarismo, obesidade e consumo de tabaco, drogas ou álcool (Lourenço, 2007). O presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar os estilos de vida e os comportamentos adoptados pelos alunos da Escola Secundária de São João do Estoril (ESSJE), principalmente o nível de prática de actividade física em função do género, ano de escolaridade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Porém, conhecer de que forma estes jovens ocupam os seus tempos livres é também um dos objectivos do presente trabalho. A amostra é constituída por 78 alunos da ESSJE, sendo que 27 alunos pertencem ao 10º ano, 25 ao 11º ano e 26 ao 12º ano de escolaridade. Foi aplicado uma parte do questionário da rede Europeia Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) que visa estudar a saúde e os estilos de vida dos adolescentes. Os resultados obtidos mostram que na grande maioria, os alunos praticam actividade física, evidenciando-se diferenças na prática relativamente ao género mas não relativamente ao IMC e ano de escolaridade. Quanto à ocupação dos tempos livres, os alunos adoptam na sua maioria por actividades sedentárias. ABSTRACT: A good part of mortality in adulthood has its origin in behavior start in adolescence, such as physical inactivity, obesity and smoking, drugs or alcohol (Lourenço, 2007). The present study aims to examine the lifestyles and behaviors adopted by students of the School of São João do Estoril, especially the level of physical activity by gender, years of education and body mass index. However, to know how these young people occupy their leisure time is also one of the objectives of this work. The sample consists of 78 students School of São João do Estoril, with 27 students belong to the 10 th year, 25 to 11th years and 26 to 12th grade. We applied a part of the questionnaire of the European network Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) project to study the health and lifestyles of teenagers. The results show that in most cases, students practice physical activity, demonstrating differences in practice on gender but not with regard to BMI and years of schooling. As for leisure time, students take mostly of sedentary activities.

Actividade física e índice de massa corporal na população adulta portuguesa

Sabe-se pouco sobre a prevalência da prática de actividade física em Portugal, estratificada por categorias de índice de massa corporal. O objectivo do presente projecto foi verificar a associação da prática de actividade física como (a) características sociodemográficas e (b) índice de massa corporal. Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal. Dados recolhidos entre Janeiro/2003 e Janeiro/2005, por questionário estruturado (entrevista face-a-face) e avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura e perímetros da cintura e anca). Amostra representativa da população adulta em Portugal continental. Para avaliação da prática de actividade física, foi utilizado o Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity. Participaram 8116 pessoas. 27.9% referiu praticar algum tipo de actividade desportiva. A proporção dos que fazem desporto diminui com a idade. A proporção de homens que referiram níveis de actividade mais elevados é significativamente superior à encontrada para as mulheres. As pontuações obtidas para a prática de actividade física em qualquer dos contextos (lazer, desporto e trabalho) correlacionam-se significativamente com o nível educacional (principalmente em contextos de lazer). Nas actividades de lazer e de desporto, a pontuação de actividade física está negativamente correlacionada com o índice de massa corporal. Quanto à actividade física no trabalho, esta correlaciona-se positivamente com o índice de massa corporal. Concluímos que são necessárias estratégias de saúde pública que facilitem e promovam a actividade física em contexto de lazer, especialmente dirigidas aos idosos e aos grupos demográficos com níveis educacionais mais baixos.

Impact properties of glass/plant fibre hybrid laminates

The use of plants fibre reinforced composites has continuously increased during recent years. Their low density, higher environmental friendliness, and reduced cost proved particularly attractive for low-tech applications e.g., in building, automotive and leisure time industry. However, a major limitation to the use of these materials in structural components is unsatisfactory impact performance. An intermediate approach, the production of glass/ plant fibre hybrid laminates, has also been explored, trying to obtain materials with sufficient impact properties, whilst retaining a reduced cost and a substantial environmental gain. A survey is given on some aspects, crucial for the use of glass/plant fibre hybrid laminates in structural components: performance of hybrids when subjected to impact testing; the effect of laminate configuration, manufacturing procedure and fibre treatment on impact properties of the composite. Finally, indications are provided for a suitable selection of plant fibres with minimal extraction damage and sufficient toughness, for introduction in an impact-resistant glass/plant fibre hybrid laminate.

Profile of European adults interested in internet-based personalized nutrition: The Food4Me Study

Purpose Personalised intervention may have greater potential for reducing the global burden of non-communicable diseases and for promoting better health and wellbeing across the life-span than the conventional “one size fits all” approach. However, the characteristics of individuals interested in personalised nutrition (PN) are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of European adults interested in taking part in an internet-based PN study. Methods Individuals from seven European countries (UK, Ireland, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Greece and Poland) were invited to participate in the study via the Food4Me website (http://www.food4me.org). Two screening questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic, anthropometric and health characteristics as well as dietary intakes. Results A total of 5662 individuals expressed an interest in the study (mean age 40 ± 12.7; range 15-87 years). Of these 64.6% were female and 96.9% were Caucasian. Overall, 12.9% were smokers and 46.8% reported the presence of a clinically diagnosed disease. Furthermore, 46.9% were overweight or obese and 34.9% were sedentary during leisure time. Assessment of dietary intakes showed that 54.3% of individuals reported consuming at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day, 45.9% consumed more than 3 servings of wholegrains and 37.2% limited their salt intake to less than 5.75g per day. Conclusions Our data indicate that individuals volunteering to participate in an internet-based PN study are broadly representative of the European adult population, most of whom had adequate nutrient intakes but who could benefit from improved dietary choices and greater physical activity. Future use of internet-based PN approaches is thus relevant to a wide target audience.

Ungdomars fysiska aktivitet och dess betydelse för prestationen i skolan

This study where designed to investigate if there are any positive relationship between the extent of physical activity during adolescent's leisure time and the academic performance, and also if there are any negative relationship between the academic performance and the time spent in front of the television or computers. Another part of the study tried to find out if physical activity has a direct and immediate influence on the performance in school. 91 pupils (51 girls and 40 boys) in the 8:th year of the Swedish primary school, from three different schools participated in the study. All 91 pupils first responded to a questionnaire concerning there activities in leisure time. They where then tested in a mathematical test and the results where compared with the extent of physical activity and TV/computer time they had stated in the questionnaire. 53 of the pupils also participated in the part of the study where direct and immediate influences of physical activity where tested. They where tested in two different but similar mathematical tests. Before the first test all pupils had a walk for about 3 km. The second test where accomplished whiteout preceding walk.Pupils who spend one hour or less/week on physical activity had significant lower mean score on the mathematical test then the pupils who spend more than one hour/week on physical activities, (Mann-Whitney U-test: Z= -2,486, p= 0,0129). Boys who spent 10,5 hours or less/week in front of the TV/computer had significant higher mean score than the boys who spent more than 10,5 hours/week in front of the TV/computer. No significant differences in the results of the two different tests, one white and one whiteout preceding walk, were observed.

The Cultural Construction of the Maine Sporting Camps

Maine sporting camps were a cultural and social phenomenon of the urban upper and middle class. They originated in Maine in the late 1870s and early 1880s and reached their zenith around the turn of the century with over 160 in operation in eight of the sixteen counties in Maine in 1906. The period from 1880 until World War I can be considered the 'golden era' of the Maine sporting camps. After the war, with technological advancements such as the outboard motor, the proliferation of the automobile, and the introduction of a road system into rural Maine, the camps underwent significant change that warrants an entirely different cultural analysis. A number of elements came together to produce a cultural atmosphere permissive of sporting camp creation in Maine. These include changing national views upon nature, health, sport and the leisure time in which to pursue them. In the late nineteenth century, with the rise of large industrially based cities, overcrowding fostered crime and disease. An upper and middle class emerged that desired escape and separation from the lower classes. Maine was chosen for such an escape because it offered, through sporting camps, a chance to "get back to nature," by pursuing the healthful activities of hunting and fishing. At the same time these urban sportsmen and sportswomen distinguished themselves on the social Hierarchical scale from the rural inhabitants. What happened in rural Maine during the period between 1880 and World War I was the introduction of a new cultural order on the landscape. Coming primarily from urban centers on the East Coast of the United States were men, women and children who looked to Maine for vacations. These vacations were designed to put them in touch with nature by pursuing healthful activities, especially those of fishing and hunting. Coming from an environment that emphasized social standing, they ensured that these trips would perpetuate this hierarchy. They experienced nature through the Maine sporting camps, which provided them with the services and skills necessary to experience it while enjoying a degree of luxury that they were accustomed to in the urban world. The Maine sporting camps were a cultural manifestation of the urban upper and middle class, the groups that the camps were established to serve. Despite this the camps did not represent a structural duplication of urban society. Instead, the camps represented a cultural construction that was produced by interaction between members of two different conceptual and physical worlds, the blending of which, on a social level, was determined by urban mentality and rural knowledge. In the production of a cultural world meaningful to the clients, the rural world of the Maine woods was altered to meet their needs. It was not a one-sided process, however, as the clients were forced to acknowledge the importance of the rural inhabitants on the basis of their value to the clients.

Validação da termografia no diagnóstico de lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho

As Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos e Doenças Osteomusculares Relacionadas ao Trabalho estão caracterizadas por queixas de grande incapacidade funcional, causadas pelo uso dos membros superiores em tarefas que envolvam movimentos repetitivos. Esses distúrbios também podem ocorrer nas atividades de lazer ou no cotidiano das pessoas, especialmente quando realizadas por períodos longos, sem pausas adequadas para recuperação muscular, ou ainda, sem devido acompanhamento médico. A avaliação de doenças ocupacionais é eminentemente clínica. São raros os casos em que os exames complementares apóiam o diagnóstico médico. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a eficácia da técnica de Termografia no diagnóstico de LER/DORT. A amostra (n=51) foi dividida em dois grupos. Um grupo experimental (n=41) composto por 26 Taquigrafas da Assembléia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Sul e 15 digitadores da Companhia Estadual de Energia Elétrica do Rio Grande do Sul e um grupo controle (n=10) composto por participantes com outras profissões. Todos eles estavam de acordo com o que prescreve a resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os resultados do teste Q de Cochran mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os 3 observadores da Termografia nas regiões dos punhos, cotovelos e ombros para o teste. Os coeficientes de concordância Kappa de cada observador no teste e reteste foram elevados. O coeficiente de concordância Kappa entre os observadores no teste mostraram que os 3 observadores estavam seguros para diagnosticar punho direito e cotovelos. Tais resultados mostram que a Termografia foi mais sensível e específica que a Ecografia e o Exame Clínico nos punhos direito e esquerdo. Assim, podemos inferir que os dados obtidos através das imagens termográficas permitiram uma melhor visualização das áreas traumatizadas nos componentes da amostra.

A sociometric analysis for the creation of an integrated multicultural work team

This research aimed to apply the sociometric theory and its methodology to create an integrated multicultural work team. The study focused on the application of the sociometry theory, developed by Jacob L. Moreno in 1934, to analyze the small multicultural group. In the beginning, a review of the literature was done to have a better understanding of Sociometric Theory as well as the modern tools and software developed to analyze and map the social networks. After this part of the study, the qualitative study was done, in which 26 students from 12 countries, which studied together in a Corporate International Master (2014-2015), developed by Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business, Corporate Master of Business Administration from ESADE Business School and FGV/EBAPE, were surveyed and asked them to choose people, among the selected group, who they attracted, rejected or they were neutral towards, in 4 different scenarios: work team, leadership, trip (leisure time) and personal problem. Additionally, there were, two questions asked about how they felt when they answered the survey and which question(s) was/were difficult to answer and why. The focus on these two questions was to understand the emotional state of the respondents when they answered the survey and related this emotional state to the Sociometric Theory. The sociometric matrix, using Microsoft Excel, was created using the answers and the total of the positive, negative and neutral choices were analyzed for each scenario as well as the mutualities and incongruences of the choices. Furthermore, the software Kumu was used to analyze the connections between the people in the selected group using three metrics: size, degree centrality and indegree. Also Kumu was used to draw the social maps or sociometric maps. Using the relationship level analyses of the sociometric matrix and maps, it was possible to create an integrated multicultural work team. In the end, the results obtained suggest that it is possible to apply the sociometric methodology to study the relationships inside companies, project teams and work teams and identify the best work team based on the interrelationship between the people as well as the lack of communication among the team members, project team or inside the company as a whole.

Apitidão funcional e comportamentos relacionados à saúde em mulheres idosas do município de Jequié-BA

The identification of the factors that interfere in the decline of functional conditions is useful in the planning of actions addressing the improvement in the conditions of the lives of elderly people. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the relationship between social demographics and health aspects of the functional condition in elderly women of low income of the Brazilian northeast. This crosssectional study involved a representative sample of 222 women with an average age of 70 years (± 7.1), belonging to coexisting groups and that were resident in the urban area of the municipal district of Jequié /Bahia. In order to achieve this objective, a battery of physical tests of functional aptitude was carried out previously tested in pilot study, anthropometric measurements collected with a comparison of the measures referred to the reported weight and height as well as the application of an interview with questions containing subjects related to social demographic variables, clinical conditions and health, physical conditions and behaviors. Descriptive statistics Proceedings (frequency, average, standard deviation and percent distribution) were used for statistic analysis, and the calculation of the respective odds ratio by binary logistics regression, for the analysis of factors hierarchically grouped; p<0.05. The prevalence of 56% (n=122) of women considered with moderated or serious type of functional limitations was found, In which from multi-varied hierarchical analysis, significant association was verified with the age group over 80 years (p=0.02), conditions of widowhood (p=0.04), presence of arterial hypertension (p=0.001), and physical inactivity during leisure time (p=0.03). On the other hand for functional incapacities the prevalence was of 46.8% (n=104) being associated to the increase of the age (p=0.01), hospitalization (p=0.02), absence of physical activities along their lives (p=0.001) and the occurrence of alterations in the cognitive function (p=0.001). The normative table for the parameters of physical fitness generated conducive to health professionals in the diagnosis of health conditions and the prescription of physical exercises. The identified characteristics that are associated with the functional limitations / functional incapacities suggest a complex causal net in the determination of the functional condition in elderly women. However, actions addressed to the incentive of the practice of physical activities in the leisure time and the preservation of the cognitive function can contribute to a life with more quality for these people. This research was multidisciplinary approach to involve elements of psychology, nutrition and Physical Education in the elucidation of the object of study related to the functional condition of elderly women

Um tempo para Pandora brincar: etnografia acerca do tempo de lazer das operárias

The aim of this paper was to understand women s time as seen through the experiences of the women workers of Sobral-CE, who build free time and leisure time through the subjectivity of their histories as delineated by an everyday life as full of work as it is empty of leisure. The approach used here is an ethnographic one, through participative observation and narratives of working and leisure experiences. These workers everyday life reveals itself in the construction of their leisure time as related to their time of drudgery, in public as well as in private spaces. The responsibility of working away from home, as well as of carrying through domestic chores and of devoting themselves to their husband and their children was imposed upon women in a manipulative manner. This fact deprived women of their possibility of practicing and enjoying leisure activities. With the coming of the so called triple working day, women began organizing new strategies to elaborate, to organize, to create and to turn leisure activities possible. The interpretation of the trajectories of the lives of twenty women workers of a shoe plant in Sobral-CE was realized by the means of an ethnographic study. The thesis consists of the analysis of the construction of social times and of leisure practices, in a context interpenetrated by the cultural conditionings of much work and economic difficulties. The aim of the study was to understand how the women workers of Sobral-CE construct their practices and representations about free time and leisure in the web of sociabilities (possibilities, necessities, dilemmas and dreams). Everyday life is here defined as an ontological dimension of human life. Hence, it does not limit itself to the rituals, the celebrations or the exceptional conditions usually discussed by researchers

Performance evaluation on electronic control systemsfor field sprayers using programmable logic controllers

The aim of this study was to develop a laboratory method for time response evaluation on electronically controlled spray equipment using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). For that purpose, a PLC controlled digital drive inverter was set up to drive an asynchronous electric motor linked to a centrifugal pump on a experimental sprayer equipped with electronic flow control. The PLC was operated via RS232 serial communication from a PC computer. A user program was written to control de motor by adjusting the following system variables, all related to the motor speed: time stopped; ramp up and ramp down times, time running at a given constant speed and ramp down time to stop the motor. This set up was used in conjunction with a data acquisition system to perform laboratory tests with an electronically controlled sprayer. Time response for pressure stabilization was measured while changing the pump speed by +/-20%. The results showed that for a 0.2 s ramp time increasing the motor speed, as an example, an AgLogix Flow Control system (Midwest Technologies Inc.) took 22 s in average to readjust the pressure. When decreasing the motor speed, this time response was down to 8 s. General results also showed that this kind of methodology could make easier the definition of standards for tests on electronically controlled application equipment.

Relacionamento de diferentes domínios da atividade física habitual com indicadores de risco cardiovascular em adultos jovens do sexo masculino

Objectives: To analyze different physical activities domains in healthy adults and correlate with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: The sample was composed by 32 Physical Education undergraduate students, with mean age of 22.6 years old. Adiposity was assessed by waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance. Additionally, fast glucose (10-12 hours), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were assessed. Physical activity level was assessed by questionnaire (Baecke et al., 1982). Results: sports activities and leisure time were not related with cardiovascular risk factors. However, job activities were negatively related with %BF, SBP and DBP. Conclusion: Different physical activity domains should be considered when analyzing its associations with health indicators.

Relações entre mídia e lazer:o capitalismo, os meios e a apropriação do tempo livre nas sociedades industrial e pós-industrial

This research aims to understand the relationship between media, capitalism and ownership of free time for leisure practices in industrial societies and postindustrial. Searching is thus a conceptual framework that takes into account the kind of ideology that naturalizes the relationship of leisure with the foundations of contemporary media, and the media only with leisure, forgetting their insertion in the labor and industrial relations in society. We intend to demonstrate that every mode of production, in the capitalist system, entails a mode of reproduction. Methodologically, this is a first approximation, from theoretical concerns already performed, constituting a theoretical research, bibliographic and descriptive character. The results of the text drives us to the conclusion that the work and leisure spheres tend to be less and less differentiated, since both remain as activities of product management with the same intellective protocols, based on information and communication technology, and that accordingly, the media favors an expansion of productive activity even during leisure time