Th1/Th2 cytokine production by clove-treated mice

Although clove possesses several biological and therapeutic properties, its immunomodulatory action has not been fully investigated. The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of administration of the water extract of clove over a short-term to BALB/c mice on Th1 (IFN-gamma and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine production. After treatment, spleen cells were aseptically removed and cells were stimulated with concanavalin A. Supernatants of cell cultures were used for cytokine determination by ELISA. The chemical composition of the extract was also carried out, revealing that eugenol(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) was the major component in our sample. Although the anti-inflammatory action of clove has been mentioned, our data showed that clove administration to mice did not influence the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Further studies dealing with cytokine expression and production will provide a better understanding of clove's immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions, using different extract concentrations and different intake periods.

The Effect of Propolis on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Expression and Production by Melanoma-bearing Mice Submitted to Stress

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interleukin 4 induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in eosinophils

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Neutrophil migration induced by IL-1β depends upon LTB4 released by macrophages and upon TNF-α and IL-1β released by mast cells

In the present study, we investigate whether mast cells and macrophages are involved in the control of IL-1β-induced neutrophil migration, as well as the participation of chemotactic mediators. IL-1β induced a dose-dependent neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity of rats which depends on LTB 4, PAF and cytokines, since the animal treatment with inhibitors of these mediators (MK 886, PCA 4248 and dexamethasone respectively) inhibited IL-1β-induced neutrophil migration. The neutrophil migration induced by IL-1β is dependent on mast cells and macrophages, since depletion of mast cells reduced the process whereas the increase of macrophage population enhanced the migration. Moreover, mast cells or macrophages stimulated with IL-1β released a neutrophil chemotactic factor, which mimicked the neutrophil migration induced by IL-1β. The chemotactic activity of the supernatant of IL-1β-stimulated macrophages is due to the presence of LTB4, since MK 886 inhibited its release. Moreover, the chemotactic activity of IL-1β-stimulated mast cells supernatant is due to the presence of IL-1β and TNF-α, since antibodies against these cytokines inhibited its activity. Furthermore, significant amounts of these cytokines were detected in the supernatant. In conclusion, our results suggest that neutrophil migration induced by IL-1β depends upon LTB4 released by macrophages and upon IL-1β and TNFα released by mast cells. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Previous contact with Strongyloides venezuelensis contributed to prevent insulitis in MLD-STZ diabetes

Epidemiological and experimental studies support the idea that helminth infections can induce a protective effect against the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. In this study we characterized the immune response induced by Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in C57BL/6 mice and then evaluated the effect of a previous contact with this helminth in the outcome of type 1 diabetes. Animals were initially infected with 2000 L3 larvae from S. venezuelensis and euthanized 22. days later. An acute phase, identified by a high amount of eggs per gram of feces, was established between days 7 and 9 post-infection. Recovery from infection was associated with a Th2 polarized response characterized by a significant level of serum IgG1 specific antibodies and also a significant production of IL-5 and IL-10 by spleen cells stimulated with S. venezuelensis soluble antigen. Immunization with soluble S. venezuelensis antigen associated with complete Freund's adjuvant followed by infection with S. venezuelensis protected mice from diabetes development induced by streptozotocin. Protection was characterized by a higher body weight gain, lower glycemic levels, much less severe insulitis and preserved insulin production. Together, these results indicate that S. venezuelensis contributed to protect C57BL/6 mice against experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Proinflammatory profile of in vitro monocytes in the ageing is affected by lymphocytes presence

Background: Aging is associated with complex and constant remodeling of the immune function, resulting in an increasing susceptibility to infection and others diseases. The infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, present in nursing homes and hospitals, constitute one of the most common infections in the elderly, and are mainly combated by innate immune cells. Although the functions of innate immunity seem more preserved during aging than of adaptive immune mechanisms, two systems operate in an integrated way in the body, so that injury in one part of the immune system inevitably affects the other as they are part of a defensive network. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro production of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL-8 and MCP-1) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β and IL-10) cytokines by monocytes, stimulated or not (basal) with lipopolysaccharide, from healthy young and elderly subjects. By means of PBMCs, we also studied if cytokine profile is altered in these different patient groups, in the presence of lymphocytes, under the same experimental conditions.Results: The monocytes from elderly presented higher basal production of TNF-α, MCP-1 and lower of TGF-β than young monocytes. PBMC showed similar cytokines production, irrespective age or stimulation presence. In the presence of lymphocytes, the spontaneous production of IL-10 was higher and of TGF-β was lower than monocytes, regardless of age. After LPS-stimulation, the presence of lymphocytes resulted in increased IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-10 and decreased CXCL-8 and TGF-β in comparison to pure culture of monocytes from young patients. With age, the same differences were observed, except for CXCL-8 and TGF-β which production was the same between monocytes and PBMC stimulated with LPS.Conclusion: These findings reinforce the systemic state of inflamm-aging frequently reported in elderly and considered a factor of susceptibility to numerous diseases. Still, the cytokine production from just monocytes of the elderly showed alterations, while in the lymphocyte presence not, suggesting an immunomodulator role of lymphocytes on monocytes. In addition, the differences between the production patterns by LPS-stimulated PBMC between young and elderly volunteers can be related with an imbalance in response against Gram-negative bacteria in throughout life. © 2013 Pinke et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Persistent inflammation in the CNS during chronic EAE despite local absence of IL-17 production

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. Activated Th1 and Th17 cells are thought to be the main immunological players during EAE development. This study was designed to evaluate peripheral and local contribution of IL-17 to acute and chronic EAE stages. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG plus complete Freund's adjuvant followed by pertussis toxin. Mice presented an initial acute phase characterized by accentuated weight loss and high clinical score, followed by a partial recovery when the animals reached normal body weight and smaller clinical scores. Spleen cells stimulated with MOG produced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ during the acute period whereas similar IL-17 levels were produced during both disease stages. CNS-infiltrating cells stimulated with MOG produced similar amounts of IFN-γ but, IL-17 was produced only at the acute phase of EAE. The percentage of Foxp3+ Treg cells, at the spleen and CNS, was elevated during both phases. The degree of inflammation was similar at both disease stages. Partial clinical recovery observed during chronic EAE was associated with no IL-17 production and presence of Foxp3+ Treg cells in the CNS. © 2013 Sofia Fernanda Gonçalves Zorzella-Pezavento et al.

Efeito da silibinina sobre o metabolismo oxidativo e produção de citocinas por monócitos em gestantes portadores de pré-eclâmpsia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito da própolis in vivo sobre a expressão de receptores semelhantes a Toll (TLR-4 e TLR-2) e produção de citocinas por camundongos BALB/c

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da atividade imunológica In vitro de Alchornea ssp quanto à produção de peróxido de hidrogênio, óxido nítrico e fator de necrose tumoral-alfa por macrófagos murinos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bioprospecção de produtos naturais e sintéticos em modelos celulares de citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade, apoptose e quimioprevenção do câncer

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Proposição de estratégias para controle profilático e terapêutico da encefalite autoimune experimental baseadas no efeito imunorregulador da hsp65

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Previous infection with Staphylococcus aureus strains attenuated experimental encephalomyelitis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Inhibition of Nitric Oxide and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha Production in Peritoneal Macrophages by Aspergillus nidulans Melanin

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

TNF alpha contributes for attenuating both Y(397)FAK and Y(416)Src phosphorylations in osteoblasts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)