Les escoles públiques del Carmel i Can Baró : problemàtica, recursos i alternatives de futur. 'Las escuelas públicas del Carmelo y Can Baro : problemática, recursos y alternativas de futuro'.

Analizar las dificultades que presenta la población escolar de los barrios Can Baró y Carmelo de Barcelona, socioeconómicamente desfavorecidos, a nivel de realidad social, integración, aprendizaje y relación familiar y social. Comprobar los recursos existentes y los necesarios, de cara a mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza. Cinco escuelas de los barrios de Barcelona Carmelo y Can Baró, con una población global de unos 2900 alumnos, entre Preescolar y octavo curso de EGB. Exponen la realidad social de los dos barrios: aspectos demográficos, recursos escolares, recursos infancia-juventud y problemática general. Realizan un planteamiento global de las escuelas y del equipo de servicios sociales. Analizan la problemática que presenta la población escolar a partir de la confección de unos modelos de plantilla para la obtención de datos, respecto a los niveles de gravedad de la problemática de los alumnos y el tipo de problemática en relación a estos niveles. Recogen los datos en dos fases y realizan un análisis descriptivo. Elaboran una relación de los recursos que se utilizan para atender las necesidades y otra relación de los que serían necesarios y no se dispone. Utilizan básicamente plantillas de registro ad hoc y estadísticas oficiales. Estadísticos descriptivos: porcentajes, diagramas de barras, etc. Necesidad a nivel de organización general interna de servicios tales como: comedores, talleres, atención individualizada y, a nivel de barrio, de equipos profesionales que actúen conjuntamente de cara a identificar las necesidades de la población para poder planificar la prioridad de las actuaciones y aportar la información necesaria a las instituciones.

El malentès escolar. L'escola a través d'una doble comparació : els resultats i les alternatives. ' El malentendido escolar. La escuela a través de una doble comparación : los resultados y las alternativas'.

Analizar la diferente percepción entre los objetivos y los resultados conseguidos con ellos en la escuela. Constatar la diferencia entre los objetivos y los resultados reales en la escuela. Enfrentar desde las teorías individualistas y colectivas la dicotomía e intentar solucionarla.. 162 chicas y 26 chicos entre 18 y 20 años (nacidos entorno a 1950) procedentes de la comarca de Osona-Ripollés, estudiantes de primero de magisterio.. Recopila historias de vida. Analiza la muestra y constata el problema. Realiza un análisis teórico sobre la relación escuela-alumno. Desarrolla una solución teórica al conflicto.. Historias de vida acotadas a la experiencia escolar. . Ficha ad hoc, gráficos, análisis estadísticos percentuales y de frecuencias.. En la escuela de los años 50-60 la diferencia entre objetivos y resultados es espectacular dado que los primeros eran considerados como algo impresentable para el alumnado. El desacuerdo entre profesorado y alumnado conduce al fracaso del proyecto escolar desarrollado en esos años. Constatado ese fracaso el autor intenta ofrecer soluciones a la divergencia objetivo-resultado desde la formación del profesorado..

Alternatives d'ajuda a alumnes amb dificultats escolars a l'Escola Laietana. 'Alternativas de ayuda para alumnos con dificultades escolares en la Escuela Laietana'.

Describir la historia de la institución Escola Laietana en 7 épocas (de 1963 a 1982). Describir la integración en la escuela de alumnos con dificultades de aprendizaje. Presentar las actividades que se llevan a cabo en el Aula de Integración. La Escola Laietana de Barcelona. Detallar las actividades mediante una descripción subjetiva, de los contenidos tratados en el Aula de Integración: 1) Observación del alumno; 2) Problemas detectados; 3) Horarios; 4) Planteamiento general de estructuras lógico matemáticas, lenguaje y psicomotricidad; 5) Objetivos generales de la intervención en el aula de Integración. Documentos de la institución escolar desde 1963. Se valora positivamente la dinámica del centro, ya que el trabajo en equipo, las discusiones de casos individuales han enriquecido la experiencia educativa de todo el equipo docente. Concluye que el Aula de Integración es necesaria para enriquecer el trabajo en equipo en el centro en cuestión, porque se ha planteado como un reto colectivo para todo el profesorado.

Condicions de treball al món, alternatives de canvi : organització dels treballadors i comerç just. 'Condiciones de trabajo en el mundo, alternativas de cambio : organización de los trabajadores y comercio justo'.

Resumen del documento en catalán. También disponible en castellano

Alimentacions alternatives. 'Alimentaciones alternativas'.

Resumen en catalán del autor

El turisme a la Garrotxa: noves alternatives

La comarca de la Garrotxa, per la seva configuració física i natural, presenta unes característiques idònies per a les noves tendències turístiques. Contràriament al turisme tradicional de sol i platja, la tendència se centra, cada vegada mes, a buscar llocs tranquils, desmassificats i que ofereixin un marc ambiental poc degradat i d'elevat interès paisatgístic. Davant d’això, la Garrotxa ofereix un espai idoni per al desenvolupament d'aquest turisme, que, en última instancia, el que busca és gaudir del medi natural

Enhanced phytoextraction: In search of EDTA alternatives

Enhanced phytoextraction proposes the use of soil amendments to increase the heavy-metal content of above-ground harvestable plant tissues. This study compares the effect of synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids [ethylenediamine tetraacetatic acid (EDTA), nitriloacetic acid (NTA), and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)] with a number of biodegradable, low-molecular weight, organic acids (citric acid, ascorbic acid, oxalic acid, salicylic acid, and NH4 acetate) as potential soil amendments for enhancing phytoextraction of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni) by Zea mays. The treatments in this study were applied at a dose of 2 mmol/kg(-1) 1 d before sowing. To compare possible effects between presow and postgermination treatments, a second smaller experiment was conducted in which EDTA, citric acid, and NH4 acetate were added 10 d after germination as opposed to 1 d before sowing. The soil used in this screening was a moderately contaminated topsoil derived from a dredged sediment disposal site. This site has been in an oxidized state for more than 8 years before being used in this research. The high carbonate, high organic matter, and high clay content characteristic to this type of sediment are thought to suppress heavy-metal phytoavailability. Both EDTA and DTPA resulted in increased levels of heavy metals in the above-ground biomass. However, the observed increases in uptake were not as large as reported in the literature. Neither the NTA nor organic acid treatments had any significant effect on uptake when applied prior to sowing. This was attributed to the rapid mineralization of these substances and the relatively low doses applied. The generally low extraction observed in this experiment restricts the use of phytoextraction as an effective remediation alternative under the current conditions, with regard to amendments used, applied dose (2 mmol/kg(-1) soil), application time (presow), plant species (Zea mays), and sediment (calcareous clayey soil) under study.

Alternatives to cyanide in the gold mining industry: what prospects for the future

This paper reviews a series of alternative lixiviant systems for the recovery of gold from ores and concentrates. For over 100 years, cyanide has been the leach reagent of choice in gold mining because of its high gold recoveries, robustness and relatively low costs. The environmental damages resulting from its mismanagement, however, have initiated widespread research aimed at identifying and developing less toxic leaching agents. The most widely-researched alternative lixiviants for gold ores are examined in this paper, but it is evident that none has yet made any significant inroad into the dominant position of cyanide as the reagent of choice at the vast majority of gold mines worldwide. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Alternatives to linear analysis of energy balance data from lactating dairy cows

The current energy requirements system used in the United Kingdom for lactating dairy cows utilizes key parameters such as metabolizable energy intake (MEI) at maintenance (MEm), the efficiency of utilization of MEI for 1) maintenance, 2) milk production (k(l)), 3) growth (k(g)), and the efficiency of utilization of body stores for milk production (k(t)). Traditionally, these have been determined using linear regression methods to analyze energy balance data from calorimetry experiments. Many studies have highlighted a number of concerns over current energy feeding systems particularly in relation to these key parameters, and the linear models used for analyzing. Therefore, a database containing 652 dairy cow observations was assembled from calorimetry studies in the United Kingdom. Five functions for analyzing energy balance data were considered: straight line, two diminishing returns functions, (the Mitscherlich and the rectangular hyperbola), and two sigmoidal functions (the logistic and the Gompertz). Meta-analysis of the data was conducted to estimate k(g) and k(t). Values of 0.83 to 0.86 and 0.66 to 0.69 were obtained for k(g) and k(t) using all the functions (with standard errors of 0.028 and 0.027), respectively, which were considerably different from previous reports of 0.60 to 0.75 for k(g) and 0.82 to 0.84 for k(t). Using the estimated values of k(g) and k(t), the data were corrected to allow for body tissue changes. Based on the definition of k(l) as the derivative of the ratio of milk energy derived from MEI to MEI directed towards milk production, MEm and k(l) were determined. Meta-analysis of the pooled data showed that the average k(l) ranged from 0.50 to 0.58 and MEm ranged between 0.34 and 0.64 MJ/kg of BW0.75 per day. Although the constrained Mitscherlich fitted the data as good as the straight line, more observations at high energy intakes (above 2.4 MJ/kg of BW0.75 per day) are required to determine conclusively whether milk energy is related to MEI linearly or not.

Peroxides in ordered nanoporous silicas: clean alternatives to transition metal oxidants for the removal of toxic gases

Ordered nano-structured MCM-48 silica containing sodium peroxydisulfate is a novel, highly effective material for the decomposition of HCN under ambient conditions.

Children’s understanding of counterfactual alternatives

This study examines how children integrate information about counterfactual alternatives in making judgments. Previous research in adults had shown that they make judgments on the basis of comparisons between factual events and counterfactual alternatives. We suggest that children adopt a summative strategy instead, where they focus on the presented outcomes, both real and counterfactual, and base their judgments on the overall affective quality of these outcomes. Results from a single experiment comparing adults’ and children’s responses to a counterfactual judgment task show that children do tend to use a summative strategy as opposed to the comparative strategy adopted by adults. These results were further supported by participants’ justifications of their judgments, which were alternative focused for the adults, but outcome focused for the children. The results are discussed in relation to complexity-based theories of the development of human reasoning.

Investigation of cadmium alternatives in thin-film coatings - art. no. 62860C

The health risks associated with the inhalation or ingestion of cadmium are well documented([1,2]). During the past 18 years, EU legislation has steadily been introduced to restrict its use, leaving a requirement for the development of replacement materials. This paper looks at possible alternatives to various cadmium II-VI dielectric compounds used in the deposition of optical thin-films for various opto-electronic devices. Application areas of particular interest are for infrared multilayer interference filter fabrication and solar cell industries, where cadmium-based coatings currently find widespread use. The results of single and multilayer designs comprising CdTe, CdS, CdSe and PbTe deposited onto group IV and II-VI materials as interference filters for the mid-IR region are presented. Thin films of SnN, SnO2, SnS and SnSe are fabricated by plasma assisted CVD, reactive RF sputtering and thermal evaporation. Examination of these films using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, EDX analysis and optical characterisation methods provide details of material dispersion, absorption, composition, refractive index, energy band gap and layer thicknesses. The optimisation of deposition parameters in order to synthesise coatings with similar optical and semiconductor properties as those containing cadmium has been investigated. Results of environmental, durability and stability trials are also presented.

Investigation of Sn-based alternatives to cadmium in thin film coatings

New Sn-based materials have been deposited and characterised in terms of their optical and mechanical properties and compared with existing cadmium-based thin films that currently find wide spread use in the optoelectronic and semiconductor industries.

Investigation of tin-based alternatives for cadmium in optoelectronic thin-films materials

Increasing legislation has steadily been introduced throughout the world to restrict the use of heavy metals, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in high temperature pigments, ceramics, and optoelectronic material applications. Removal of cadmium from thin-film optical and semiconductor device applications has been hampered by the absence of viable alternatives that exhibit similar properties with stability and durability. We describe a range of tin-based compounds that have been deposited and characterized in terms of their optical and mechanical properties and compare them with existing cadmium-based films that currently find widespread use in the optoelectronic and semiconductor industries. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America.