The influence of geometric factors on the wall shear stress distribution in realistic human coronary arteries

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica. A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no Erasmus Medical Center em Roterdão, Holanda

Programa de Evaluación Genética de caracteres productivos, adaptativos y de comportamiento, en bovinos de carne para áreas desfavorecidas

La producción de carne bovina en áreas subtropical y templadas cálidas se ve afectada en cantidad y calidad debido a las condiciones de calor y humedad a lo largo del año. Las razas tradicionales son las que más sufren esa condición climática y por otra parte, las razas y/o cruzas más adaptadas muestran problemas de calidad de carne, menor precocidad reproductiva y de temperamento. Las razas bovinas de origen índico y africano muestran mayor adaptación al estrés térmico y las razas británicas son más susceptibles aunque existe variación individual. Los indicadores climáticos de estrés térmico son variados, aunque humedad relativa del ambiente y temperatura son los más importantes. En el animal se pueden realizar diversos ensayos que incluyen toma de información de temperatura corporal profunda y frecuencia respiratoria. Dichos ensayos permiten clasificar a los animales como resistentes o susceptibles al estrés térmico. Una raza sanga de origen africano (Tuli) y sus cruzas se están ensayando en la UCC como parte de la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas planteados anteriormente. Los objetivos son: Implementar un sistema de evaluación genética para seleccionar una población bovina de carne adaptada a condiciones de estrés térmico. Estudiar atributos anátomo-fisiológicos y mecanismos de reacción fisiológica de adaptación a dicho estrés y describir el temperamento de la raza Tuli y sus cruzas, relacionándolo con producción, estrés y calidad de carne. Estimar parámetros genéticos poblacionales. Estudiar por medio de evaluación ecográfica diferencias entre animales de distintas razas en área de ojo de bife y espesor de grasa dorsal. Los animales a utilizar en este trabajo pertenecen a las razas Tuli puros, Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, cruzas F1, cruzas inter sé de las F1 (San Ignacio).

Programa de evaluación genética de caracteres productivos, adaptativos y de comportamiento, en bovinos de carne para el norte de la Provincia de Córdoba

La producción de carne bovina en áreas subtropicales y templadas cálidas (C-N de Cba.) se ve afectada en cantidad y calidad debido a las condiciones de calor y humedad a lo largo del año o en determinados meses del año. Las razas bovinas de origen índico y africano muestran mayor adaptación al estrés térmico y las razas británicas son más susceptibles aunque existe variación individual. Los indicadores climáticos más importantes de stress térmicos son la humedad relativa del ambiente y la temperatura y su combinación en un índice (THI). En el animal se pueden realizar diversos ensayos que permiten clasificar a los animales como resistentes o susceptibles al estrés térmico. En general se argumenta que las razas más adaptadas son simultáneamente de menor productividad en las áreas subtropicales, pero esto no queda claro qué es debido; una menor productividad primaria de esas áreas o al menor desempeño animal. Una hipótesis similar se puede formular para la calidad de la carne y las dificultades de manejo de esas razas por su temperamento más agresivo. Se conocen relaciones positivas entre variables de productividad, adaptabilidad, calidad de carne y temperamento, aunque aun no se han estudiado en nuestra provincia. Una raza sanga de origen africano (Tuli) y sus cruzas se están ensayando en la UCC como parte de la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas planteados anteriormente. Los objetivos de este proyecto son: Implementar un sistema de evaluación genética para seleccionar una población bovina de carne adaptada a condiciones de estrés térmico. Estudiar atributos anatomo-fisiológicos y mecanismos de reacción fisiológica de adaptación a altas temperaturas y humedad y describir el temperamento y raza Tuli y sus cruzas, relacionándolo con producción, estrés y calidad de carne. Estimar parámetros genéticos poblacionales de las variables mencionadas. Medir variables de información climática, variables indicadoras de estrés medidas sobre los animales, variables de desempeño y de temperamento. Los animales a utilizar en este trabajo estarán divididos por genotipo como: raza Tuli puros, Aberdeen Angus (colorado y negro), Hereford, cruzas F1, cruzas Inter. Se (San Ignacio), y Bradford puro. Con un modelo que incluye genotipo aleatorio se predecirán los componentes de varianza para obtener parámetros genéticos poblacionales mediante el uso del programa ASREML, específicamente diseñado para estos fines. Los indicadores a obtener serán: THI a los cuales se producen los efectos desfavorables del ambiente para cada genotipo en las condiciones climáticas de Córdoba; mecanismos de adaptación de la raza Tuli (sudoración, jadeo, combinación de ambos), niveles de cortisona del estrés térmico y del estrés comportamental, relación entre estrés térmico, comportamiento y calidad de carne. De los resultados esperados se podrán extraer sugerencias y desarrollar estrategias para mejorar la producción de carne en el área subtropical de Córdoba.

Programa de evaluación genética de caracteres productivos, adaptativos y de comportamiento, en bovinos de carne para áreas desfavorecidas.

La producción de carne bovina en áreas subtropical y templadas cálidas se ve afectada en cantidad y calidad debido a las condiciones de calor y humedad a lo largo del año o en determinados meses del año. Las razas tradicionales son las que más sufren esa condición climática y por otra parte, las razas y/o cruzas más adaptadas muestran problemas de calidad de carne, menor precocidad reproductiva y de temperamento. Buena parte de la producción bovina de carne de la provincia de Córdoba está incluida en áreas que sufren durante todo o parte del año de condiciones climáticas desfavorables. Además el fenómeno creciente del calentamiento global incrementará la extensión de esas áreas y agravará el problema en las actuales. Las razas bovinas de origén índico y africano muestran mayor adaptación al estrés térmico y las razas británicas son más susceptibles aunque existe variación individual. Los indicadores climáticos de estrés térmico son variados, aunque humedad relativa del ambiente y temperatura son los más importantes. Ambas variables se combinan en un índice de humedad y temperatura (THI) que es un indicador válido para predecir dicho estrés. En el animal se pueden realizar diversos ensayos que incluyen toma de información de temperatura corporal profunda y frecuencia respiratoria. Dichos ensayos permiten clasificar a los animales como resistentes o susceptibles al estrés térmico. Los trabajos que se han realizado en genética animal en otros países demuestran un importante componente genético aditivo en este comportamiento frente al calor y humedad, esto permitiría pensar en incluir en programas de mejoramiento de producción de carne variables de adaptación al estrés térmico. En general se argumenta que las razas más adaptadas son simultáneamente de menor productividad en las áreas subtropicales, pero esto no queda claro a qué es debido; una menor producitividad primaria de esas áreas o al menor desempeño animal. Una hipótesis similar se puede formular para la calidad de la carne y las dificultades de manejo de esas razas por su temperamento más agresivo. Si la respuesta incluye el desempeño, ésto estaría dado en buena parte por componentes genéticos. Se conocen relaciones positivas entre variables de productividad, adaptabilidad, calidad de carne y temperamento, aunque aún no se han estudiado en nuestra provincia. Una raza sanga de orígen africano (Tuli) y sus cruzas se están ensayando en la UCC como parte de la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas planteados anteriormente. Se desconocen los mecanismos fisiológicos de adaptación al estrés térmico que son utilizados por estos animales y también se ignoran las consecuencias genéticas de las cruzas con otras razas sobre estos mecanismos. Tampoco se disponen de parámetros poblacionales (fenotípicos y genéticos) de esta raza y sus cruzas.Los animales a utilizar en este trabajo pertenecen a las razas Tuli puros, Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, cruzas F1, cruzas inter sé de las F1 (San Ignacio) y Bradford. De los resultados esperados se podrán extraer sugerencias y desarrollar estrategias para mejorar la producción de carne en el área subtropical de nuestra provincia.

The Thelephoraceae of North America.

13-15

The Thelephoraceae of North America.

1-7

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update to the original Surviving Sepsis Campaign clinical management guidelines, "Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock," published in 2004. DESIGN: Modified Delphi method with a consensus conference of 55 international experts, several subsequent meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. This process was conducted independently of any industry funding. METHODS: We used the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence from high (A) to very low (D) and to determine the strength of recommendations. A strong recommendation (1) indicates that an intervention's desirable effects clearly outweigh its undesirable effects (risk, burden, cost) or clearly do not. Weak recommendations (2) indicate that the tradeoff between desirable and undesirable effects is less clear. The grade of strong or weak is considered of greater clinical importance than a difference in letter level of quality of evidence. In areas without complete agreement, a formal process of resolution was developed and applied. Recommendations are grouped into those directly targeting severe sepsis, recommendations targeting general care of the critically ill patient that are considered high priority in severe sepsis, and pediatric considerations. RESULTS: Key recommendations, listed by category, include early goal-directed resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 hrs after recognition (1C); blood cultures before antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm potential source of infection (1C); administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy within 1 hr of diagnosis of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1D); reassessment of antibiotic therapy with microbiology and clinical data to narrow coverage, when appropriate (1C); a usual 7-10 days of antibiotic therapy guided by clinical response (1D); source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method (1C); administration of either crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation (1B); fluid challenge to restore mean circulating filling pressure (1C); reduction in rate of fluid administration with rising filing pressures and no improvement in tissue perfusion (1D); vasopressor preference for norepinephrine or dopamine to maintain an initial target of mean arterial pressure > or = 65 mm Hg (1C); dobutamine inotropic therapy when cardiac output remains low despite fluid resuscitation and combined inotropic/vasopressor therapy (1C); stress-dose steroid therapy given only in septic shock after blood pressure is identified to be poorly responsive to fluid and vasopressor therapy (2C); recombinant activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis and clinical assessment of high risk for death (2B except 2C for postoperative patients). In the absence of tissue hypoperfusion, coronary artery disease, or acute hemorrhage, target a hemoglobin of 7-9 g/dL (1B); a low tidal volume (1B) and limitation of inspiratory plateau pressure strategy (1C) for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); application of at least a minimal amount of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute lung injury (1C); head of bed elevation in mechanically ventilated patients unless contraindicated (1B); avoiding routine use of pulmonary artery catheters in ALI/ARDS (1A); to decrease days of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay, a conservative fluid strategy for patients with established ALI/ARDS who are not in shock (1C); protocols for weaning and sedation/analgesia (1B); using either intermittent bolus sedation or continuous infusion sedation with daily interruptions or lightening (1B); avoidance of neuromuscular blockers, if at all possible (1B); institution of glycemic control (1B), targeting a blood glucose < 150 mg/dL after initial stabilization (2C); equivalency of continuous veno-veno hemofiltration or intermittent hemodialysis (2B); prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (1A); use of stress ulcer prophylaxis to prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding using H2 blockers (1A) or proton pump inhibitors (1B); and consideration of limitation of support where appropriate (1D). Recommendations specific to pediatric severe sepsis include greater use of physical examination therapeutic end points (2C); dopamine as the first drug of choice for hypotension (2C); steroids only in children with suspected or proven adrenal insufficiency (2C); and a recommendation against the use of recombinant activated protein C in children (1B). CONCLUSIONS: There was strong agreement among a large cohort of international experts regarding many level 1 recommendations for the best current care of patients with severe sepsis. Evidenced-based recommendations regarding the acute management of sepsis and septic shock are the first step toward improved outcomes for this important group of critically ill patients.

Model-based appraisal of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Northern Ireland

In 2009, the Sheffield Alcohol Research Group (SARG) at Sheffield University developed the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model version 2.0 (SAPM) to appraise the potential impact of alcohol policies, including different levels of MUP, for the population of England. In 2013, SARG were commissioned by the DHSSPS and the Department for Social Development to adapt the Sheffield Model to NI in order to appraise the potential impact of a range of alcohol pricing policies. The present report represents the results of this work. Estimates from the Northern Ireland (NI) adaptation of the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model - version 3 - (SAPM3) suggest: 1. Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) policies would be effective in reducing alcohol consumption, alcohol related harms (including alcohol-related deaths, hospitalisations, crimes and workplace absences) and the costs associated with those harms. 2. A ban on below-cost selling (implemented as a ban on selling alcohol for below the cost of duty plus the VAT payable on that duty) would have a negligible impact on alcohol consumption or related harms. 3. A ban on price-based promotions in the off-trade, either alone or in tandem with an MUP policy would be effective in reducing alcohol consumption, related harms and associated costs. 4. MUP and promotion ban policies would only have a small impact on moderate drinkers at all levels of income. Somewhat larger impacts would be experienced by increasing risk drinkers, with the most substantial effects being experienced by high risk drinkers. 5. MUP and promotion ban policies would have larger impacts on those in poverty, particularly high risk drinkers, than those not in poverty. However, those in poverty also experience larger relative gains in health and are estimated to marginally reduce their spending due to their reduced drinking under the majority of policies åÊ

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an update to the original Surviving Sepsis Campaign clinical management guidelines, "Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock," published in 2004. DESIGN: Modified Delphi method with a consensus conference of 55 international experts, several subsequent meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic-based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. This process was conducted independently of any industry funding. METHODS: We used the GRADE system to guide assessment of quality of evidence from high (A) to very low (D) and to determine the strength of recommendations. A strong recommendation indicates that an intervention's desirable effects clearly outweigh its undesirable effects (risk, burden, cost), or clearly do not. Weak recommendations indicate that the tradeoff between desirable and undesirable effects is less clear. The grade of strong or weak is considered of greater clinical importance than a difference in letter level of quality of evidence. In areas without complete agreement, a formal process of resolution was developed and applied. Recommendations are grouped into those directly targeting severe sepsis, recommendations targeting general care of the critically ill patient that are considered high priority in severe sepsis, and pediatric considerations. RESULTS: Key recommendations, listed by category, include: early goal-directed resuscitation of the septic patient during the first 6 hrs after recognition (1C); blood cultures prior to antibiotic therapy (1C); imaging studies performed promptly to confirm potential source of infection (1C); administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy within 1 hr of diagnosis of septic shock (1B) and severe sepsis without septic shock (1D); reassessment of antibiotic therapy with microbiology and clinical data to narrow coverage, when appropriate (1C); a usual 7-10 days of antibiotic therapy guided by clinical response (1D); source control with attention to the balance of risks and benefits of the chosen method (1C); administration of either crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation (1B); fluid challenge to restore mean circulating filling pressure (1C); reduction in rate of fluid administration with rising filing pressures and no improvement in tissue perfusion (1D); vasopressor preference for norepinephrine or dopamine to maintain an initial target of mean arterial pressure > or = 65 mm Hg (1C); dobutamine inotropic therapy when cardiac output remains low despite fluid resuscitation and combined inotropic/vasopressor therapy (1C); stress-dose steroid therapy given only in septic shock after blood pressure is identified to be poorly responsive to fluid and vasopressor therapy (2C); recombinant activated protein C in patients with severe sepsis and clinical assessment of high risk for death (2B except 2C for post-operative patients). In the absence of tissue hypoperfusion, coronary artery disease, or acute hemorrhage, target a hemoglobin of 7-9 g/dL (1B); a low tidal volume (1B) and limitation of inspiratory plateau pressure strategy (1C) for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); application of at least a minimal amount of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute lung injury (1C); head of bed elevation in mechanically ventilated patients unless contraindicated (1B); avoiding routine use of pulmonary artery catheters in ALI/ARDS (1A); to decrease days of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay, a conservative fluid strategy for patients with established ALI/ARDS who are not in shock (1C); protocols for weaning and sedation/analgesia (1B); using either intermittent bolus sedation or continuous infusion sedation with daily interruptions or lightening (1B); avoidance of neuromuscular blockers, if at all possible (1B); institution of glycemic control (1B) targeting a blood glucose < 150 mg/dL after initial stabilization ( 2C ); equivalency of continuous veno-veno hemofiltration or intermittent hemodialysis (2B); prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (1A); use of stress ulcer prophylaxis to prevent upper GI bleeding using H2 blockers (1A) or proton pump inhibitors (1B); and consideration of limitation of support where appropriate (1D). Recommendations specific to pediatric severe sepsis include: greater use of physical examination therapeutic end points (2C); dopamine as the first drug of choice for hypotension (2C); steroids only in children with suspected or proven adrenal insufficiency (2C); a recommendation against the use of recombinant activated protein C in children (1B). CONCLUSION: There was strong agreement among a large cohort of international experts regarding many level 1 recommendations for the best current care of patients with severe sepsis. Evidenced-based recommendations regarding the acute management of sepsis and septic shock are the first step toward improved outcomes for this important group of critically ill patients.

Desempenho, fibras musculares e carne de bovinos jovens de três grupos genéticos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características de desempenho, carcaça, qualidade de carne e das fibras musculares esqueléticas de bovinos jovens de três grupos genéticos, Angus x Nelore, Canchim x Nelore e Simental x Nelore. Noventa bovinos inteiros mestiços jovens, com idade média de oito meses, sendo 30 de cada grupo genético, foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos (grupos genéticos) e seis repetições. Nas análises das fibras musculares, foram utilizados seis animais por tratamento e na avaliação de desempenho e características de carcaça, foram utilizados todos os animais. Em relação a ganho de peso diário, rendimentos de carcaça e cortes cárneos, área do músculo longissimus dorsi e proteínas e lipídeos totais na carne, não houve diferença entre os grupos genéticos, porém os mestiços Angus apresentaram maior espessura de gordura subcutânea. A maciez da carne não variou entre os grupos genéticos e entre os períodos de 7 e 14 dias de maturação. A semelhança da maciez da carne de 7 e 14 dias permite que o tempo de maturação das carnes seja reduzido, quando se utiliza animais jovens.

Efficacy and safety of a phospholipid emulsion (GR270773) in Gram-negative severe sepsis: results of a phase II multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the survival benefit and safety profile of low-dose (850 mg/kg) and high-dose (1350 mg/kg) phospholipid emulsion vs. placebo administered as a continuous 3-day infusion in patients with confirmed or suspected Gram-negative severe sepsis. Preclinical and ex vivo studies show that lipoproteins bind and neutralize endotoxin, and experimental animal studies demonstrate protection from septic death when lipoproteins are administered. Endotoxin neutralization correlates with the amount of phospholipid in the lipoprotein particles. DESIGN: A three-arm, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Conducted at 235 centers worldwide between September 2004 and April 2006. PATIENTS: A total of 1379 patients participated in the study, 598 patients received low-dose phospholipid emulsion, and 599 patients received placebo. The high-dose phospholipid emulsion arm was stopped, on the recommendation of the Independent Data Monitoring Committee, due to an increase in life-threatening serious adverse events at the fourth interim analysis and included 182 patients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A 28-day all-cause mortality and new-onset organ failure. There was no significant treatment benefit for low- or high-dose phospholipid emulsion vs. placebo for 28-day all-cause mortality, with rates of 25.8% (p = .329), 31.3% (p = .879), and 26.9%, respectively. The rate of new-onset organ failure was not statistically different among groups at 26.3%, 31.3%, 20.4% with low- and high-dose phospholipid emulsion, and placebo, respectively (one-sided p = .992, low vs. placebo; p = .999, high vs. placebo). Of the subjects treated, 45% had microbiologically confirmed Gram-negative infections. Maximal changes in mean hemoglobin levels were reached on day 10 (-1.04 g/dL) and day 5 (-1.36 g/dL) with low- and high-dose phospholipid emulsion, respectively, and on day 14 (-0.82 g/dL) with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with phospholipid emulsion did not reduce 28-day all-cause mortality, or reduce the onset of new organ failure in patients with suspected or confirmed Gram-negative severe sepsis.

Dieta com alto teor de gordura e desempenho de tourinhos de grupos genéticos diferentes em confinamento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho em confinamento de tourinhos de quatro grupos genéticos distintos tratados com dietas com diferentes teores de gordura. Foram utilizados nove animais Nelore, nove Caracu, dez ½ Caracu ¼ Angus ¼ Nelore e dez ½ Red Angus ¼ Caracu ¼ Nelore, com massa corporal inicial de 227±33 kg e dez meses de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos nutricionais: baixo teor de gordura (3,15% de extrato etéreo) e alto teor de gordura (7,28% de extrato etéreo). A ingestão de matéria seca (IMS) foi quantificada durante 208 dias e as pesagens dos animais foram realizadas a cada 28 dias. Os animais alimentados com as dietas de alto e de baixo teor de gordura apresentaram resultados similares de ganho médio diário de peso (1,511x1,487 kg por dia, respectivamente) e de eficiência alimentar (194x180 g de ganho por quilograma de MS ingerida, respectivamente); a IMS, em percentagem do peso vivo, foi menor nos animais alimentados com dieta de alto teor de gordura (2,25x2,40, respectivamente). Os animais cruzados apresentaram maior ganho de massa corporal e IMS que os Nelore. A dieta com alto teor de gordura pode ser utilizada em confinamento para melhorar o desempenho de tourinhos ½ Caracu ¼ Angus ¼ Nelore, pois é eficiente para reduzir a ingestão de matéria seca e não prejudica o ganho de massa corporal dos animais.

Características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de novilhos superprecoces de três grupos genéticos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros de carcaça, características físico-químicas e de qualidade de carne de novilhos machos superprecoces. Foram avaliados três grupos raciais com 8 animais Nelore (N), 18 ¼ Abeerden Angus ½ Nelore (AN) e 18 ½ Limousin ¼ Abeerden Angus ¼ Nelore (LAN), com idade entre 7,5 e 11,5 meses no início do experimento, abatidos após 143 dias de confinamento. Os animais AN apresentaram maior peso ao abate, ganho médio diário de peso, peso de carcaça e comprimento de carcaça; os animais LAN apresentaram maior rendimento de carcaça e área de olho de lombo. Os animais LAN apresentaram 72% de carcaças convexas, enquanto 83% das carcaças dos animais AN e 100% das carcaças dos animais N foram classificadas como subconvexas. Os grupos LAN e AN não apresentaram diferença significativa nos valores de força de cisalhamento, o que indica a possibilidade de utilização da proporção de 50% do genótipo Bos indicus sem prejuízo para a maciez da carne. As características de carcaça e carne dos animais dos grupos genéticos NA, LAN e N estão em conformidade com as especificações de consumo e adequadas para abate aos 15 meses de idade, o que viabiliza o sistema de produção de novilhos superprecoces.

Eficiências biológica e econômica de bovinos em terminação alimentados com dieta suplementar em pastagem de capim-marandu

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as eficiências biológica e econômica de novilhos em terminação, em pastagem, que receberam suplementação durante o período seco. Trinta novilhos ½ Braford ¼ Angus ¼/ Nelore, separados em dois lotes com pesos corporais médios (PC) de 365 e 410 kg, foram distribuídos em seis piquetes de capim-marandu, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos suplementos: sal-amireia; 0,6 e 1% do PC de concentrado. A cada 28 dias, os animais foram pesados, e a cobertura de gordura foi avaliada. Mensalmente, todos os piquetes foram amostrados para determinação da massa de forragem dos componentes morfológicos e do valor nutritivo. Os animais com suplementação de 1% do PC de concentrado ganharam mais peso do que aqueles com 0,6% do PC, e estes últimos mais do que aqueles que receberam sal-amireia. Consequentemente, houve relação inversa entre a dose de suplementação e o tempo necessário para os animais atingirem o ponto de acabamento. Independentemente do tratamento, os animais mais leves apresentaram margens líquidas superiores. Para os dois lotes, a maior margem líquida esteve associada à suplementação apenas com sal-amireia.

Genetic polymorphisms related to meat traits in purebred and crossbred Nelore cattle

The objective of this work was to estimate the allelic and genotypic frequencies of CAST/XmnI, a calpastatin gene polymorphism, and CAPN530, a calpain 1 large subunit gene polymorphism, in different beef genetic groups (Nelore and Nelore x Bos taurus), and to investigate associations between these polymorphisms and carcass and meat traits. Three hundred animals - comprising 114 Nelore, 67 Angus x Nelore, 44 Rubia Gallega x Nelore, 41 Canchim, 19 Brangus three-way cross and 15 Braunvieh three-way cross- were genotyped by PCR-RFLP and phenotyped for rib-eye area (REA), back-fat thickness (BT), intramuscular fat (IF), shear force (SF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). The occurrence of the two alleles of the CAST/XmnI and CAPN530 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a B. indicus breed, which permitted association studies in purebred and crossbred Nelore cattle, was first shown in the present work. No relationship was found between the CAST or CAPN1 SNPs and growth-related traits (REA) or fat deposition (BT and IF), since calpastatin and µ-calpain are not physiologically involved with these traits. Moreover, the association results between genotypes and aged meat tenderness (assessed by SF and MFI) showed that these markers are useless in assisted selection for purebred Nelore and their crosses with B. taurus.