Are the World AIDS Conferences guilty of gender bias? Evidence from trends in the monitoring of WAC scientific discourse from 1989 to 2012

Background : The issue of gender is acknowledged as a key issue for the AIDS epidemic. World AIDS Conferences (WAC) have constituted a major discursive space for the epidemic. We sought to establish the balance regarding gender in the AIDS scientific discourse by following its development in the published proceedings of WAC. Fifteen successive WAC 1989-2012 served to establish a "barometer" of scientific interest in heterosexual and homo/bisexual men and women throughout the epidemic. It was hypothesised that, as in other domains of Sexual and Reproductive Health, heterosexual men would be "forgotten" partners. Method : Abstracts from each conference were entered in electronic form into an Access database. Queries were created to generate five categories of interest and to monitor their annual frequency. All abstract titles including the term "men" or "women" were identified. Collections of synonyms were systematically and iteratively developed in order to classify further abstracts according to whether they included terms referring to "homo/bisexual" or "heterosexual". Reference to "Mother to Child Transmission" (MTCT) was also flagged. Results : The category including "men", but without additional reference to "homo-bisexuel" (i.e. referring to men in general and/or to heterosexual men) consistently appears four times less often than the equivalent category for women. Excluding abstracts on women and MTCT has little impact on this difference. Abstracts including reference to both "men" and "homo-bisexual" emerge as the secondmost frequent category; presence of the equivalent category for women is minimal. Conclusion : The hypothesised absence of heterosexual men in the AIDS discourse was confirmed. Although the relative presence of homo-bisexual men and women as a focal subject may be explained by epidemiological data, this is not so in the case of heterosexual men and women. This imbalance has consequences for HIV prevention.

Motivational brief intervention for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in travelers: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the frequent risks encountered by travelers. Efficient interventions are needed to improve the understanding of the risks of STIs. We investigated the potential benefits of a motivational brief intervention (BI) and the provision of condoms on the engagement in unprotected casual sex.Methods: 3-arm randomized controlled trial performed among single travelers aged 18-44 years visiting a travel clinic in Switzerland. The main outcomes were the prevalence of casual unprotected sexual intercourse and their predictors.Results: 5148 eligible travelers were seen from 2006 to 2008. 1681 agreed to participate and 1115 subjects (66%) completed the study. 184/1115 (17%) had a casual sexual relationship abroad and overall 46/1115 (4.1%) had inconsistently protected sexual relations. Women (adjusted OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.4-5.6]) and travelers with a history of past STI (adjusted OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.1-7.4]) had more frequent casual sexual relationships without consistent protection. Regarding the effect of our intervention, the prevalence of subjects using condoms inconsistently was 28% (95% CI 16-40) in the motivational BI group, 24% (95% CI 10-37) in the condoms group and 24% (95% CI 14-33) in the control group (p = 0.7).Conclusion: This study showed that a motivational brief intervention and/or the provision of free condoms did not modify risky sexual behavior of young travelers. The rate of inconsistently protected sexual relationships during travel was however lower than expected

Diurnale ad usum monasterii Sancti Mauri Fossatensis

Abbaye Saint-Maur-des-Fossés ; cf. B. de Montfaucon, Bibliotheca bibliothecarum, II, 1739, p. 1141-1143 : "77. 1090. Diurnale Officii divini". Ex-libris : Ff. 1 et 132v : « Iste liber est de monasterio Sancti Mauri Fossatensis », XIIIe-XIVe s. ; F. A : "Sti Germani à Pratis". Saint-Maur-des-Fossés

Missale [avec notation en neumes].

Notes marginales : départ d'Antoine Limousin, enfant de chœur à Saint-Maur, en 1678 (26 mars 1678, f. 7v) ; serments du nouvel abbé de Saint-Maur (XVe-XVIe s., f. 8v et XVe s., f. 150) ; « Husson fil. Jeh. Hua » (XVe s., f. 299v).

Antiphonarium et diurnale ad usum ecclesiae Saresberiensis (avec notation musicale).

Destinataire : Salisbury, d'après la liturgie et le sanctoral.

Sacramentaire écrit au Xe siècle par ordre de Ratoldus, abbé de Corbie;. calendrier; neumes.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) 1621: n°69 et 416 Ex-libris : f.A : « Ex Libris Corbeiensis Monasterii » ; — f.B : « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Sacramentarium ad usum monasterii Sancti Mauri Fossatensis.

Abbaye Saint-Maur-des-Fossés ; cf. B. de Montfaucon, Bibliotheca bibliothecarum, II, 1739, p. 1141-1143 : "81. 1103. Sacramentarium, seu Missale". Ex-libris : F. 1v : « Hic est liber sancte Marie sanctique Petri cenobii Fossatensis » (ex-libris contemporain). — F. 1 : "Sti Germani a Pratis". Saint-Maur-des-Fossés

Lettres du concile de Chalcédoine.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIe s.: n°91; XIIIe s.: n°198; 1621: n°290 Ex-libris : 1er f. de garde en parchemin : « Ex Monasterio Corbeinsi » ; — f.1 : id. barré ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Examéron de S. Ambroise.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIe s.: cf. n°45, 47; XIIIe s.: n°64; 1621: n°101 Ex-libris : f.2 : « Ex Libris S. Petri Corbeiensis » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Latin 12141

Contient : Divers traités de S. Jean Chrysostome ; Ymnus de S. Cecilia

leronimi contra accusatorem défensio, etc.; dialogus, adverses Pelagianos (30); liber hebraicarum questionum in Genesi (53).

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIe s.: n°172; XIIIe s.: n°47; 1621: n°88 Ex-libris : f.1 : « Liber de antiqua Corbeia » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Aug. sermones de verbis Domini et de quibusdam sententiis Pauli, etc.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIIIe s.: n°7; 1621: n°1 Ex-libris : f.226v : « Liber Sancti Petri Corbeie » ; — f.1 : « Ex Libris Corbeiensis monasterii » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Aug. homiliae.

Ex-libris : au verso du 1er f. de parchemin : « Sti Germani a Pratis »

Aug. de natura et origine animae, et alia.

Catalogue de l'abbaye de Corbie (éd. d'E. Coyecque, Cat des mss des bibliothèques de France, XIX, p.XI-XLVIII) XIe s.: n°5 ?; XIIe s.: n°19; XIIIe s.: n°33; 1621: n°28 Ex-libris : f.1 : « Ex Libris Corbeiensis abbatiae » ; — « Sti Germani a Pratis »