Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 63

Lt. General Holland M. Smith and other Marine officers examining maps and other documents around a table in field. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 64

Lt. General Holland M. Smith and other officers in a jeep. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 65

Major General Harry Schmidt, Lt. General Holland M. Smith, and Major General Clifton B. Cates speaking in conference; other men stand in the background. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 66

Lt. General Holland M. Smith and other Marine officers examining maps and other documents around a table in field. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 67

Lt. General Holland M. Smith and Major General Clifton B. Cates speaking; Major General Harry Schmidt stands to the side and other men are in the background. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 68

Lt. General Holland M. Smith and Major General Clifton B. Cates speaking; Major General Harry Schmidt stands to the side and other men and Mt. Surbachi are in the background. No caption.

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 69

Officers saluting; includes Lt. General Holland M. Smith (second from left), Major General Harry Schmidt (fourth from left), Major General Clifton B. Cates, Major General Graves B. Erskine, and Major General Keller E. Rockey. Caption; "The Island was OURS."

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 70

Three Marines in pith helmets with a Browning machine gun. Official Photograph, U.S. Marine Corps, No. 8900-113. (Appears to be different from Iwo Jima photgraphs taken by Douglas H. Page.)

Japanese Map of Iwo-Jima

Digitized version of a Japanese map of Iwo Jima. Includes location of mountatins, air strips, and roads; may also indicate defensive positions. Titles, legend, and place names all in Japanese characters.

Newspaper clipping: cutting down Japanese flag of truce

album assembled by Jack D. Cheesman of Ann Arbor, MI

Climate Adaptation Finance Mechanisms: New Frontiers For Familiar Tools

Demands for mechanisms to pay for adaptation to climate risks have multiplied rapidly as concern has shifted from greenhouse gas mitigation alone to also coping with the now-inevitable impacts. A number of viable approaches to how to pay for those adjustments to roads, drainage systems, lifeline utilities and other basic infrastructure are emerging, though untested at the scale required across the nation, which already has a trillion-dollar deferred maintenance and replacement problem. There are growing efforts to find new ways to harness private financial resources via new market arrangements to meet needs that clearly outstrip public resources alone, as well as to utilize and combine public resources more effectively. To date, mechanisms are often seen through a specific lens of scale, time, and method, for example national versus local and public versus market-based means. The purpose here is to integrate a number of those perspectives and also to highlight the following in particular. Current experience with seemingly more pedestrian needs like stormwater management funding is in fact a learning step towards new approaches for broader adaptation needs, using re-purposed but existing fiscal tools. The resources raised from new large-scale market approaches for using catastrophe- and resiliency-bond-derived funds will have their use embodied and operationalized in many separate local and state projects. The invention and packaging of innovative projects—the pre-development phase—will be pivotal to better using fiscal resources of many types. Those efforts can be greatly aided or hindered by larger national and especially state government policy, regulatory and capital market arrangements. Understanding the path to integration of effort across these scales deserves much more attention. Examples are given of how federal, state and local roles are each dimensions of that frontier, how existing tools can apply in new ways and how smart project creation plays a role.

Jack Moakley [entraîneur] qui accompagne les athlètes américains aux olympiades d'Anvers : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60192