Peftjauawybast, king of Nen-nesut : genealogy, art history, and the chronology of late libyan Egypt

This paper argues in detail for the identification of Peftjauawybast, King of Nen-nesut (fl. 728/720 BC ), with Peftjauawybast, High Priest of Ptah in Memphis (fl. c. 790–780 BC2), known from the Apis stela of year 28 of Shoshenq III. This identification ties in with a significant lowering of the accepted dates for the kings from Shoshenq III, Osorkon III and Takeloth III to Shoshenq V, and the material culture associated with them. Such a shift seems to be supported by stylistic and genealogical evidence. As a consequence, it is further suggested that the Master of Shipping at Nen-nesut, Pediese i, was perhaps related by descent and marriage to the family of the High Priests of Memphis and King Peftjauawybast.

Metrics of monograph use in the Marston Science Library

As academic libraries are increasingly supported by a matrix of databases functions, the use of data mining and visualization techniques offer significant potential for future collection development and service initiatives based on quantifiable data. While data collection techniques are still not standardized and results may be skewed because of granularity problems, faulty algorithms, and a host of other factors, useful baseline data is extractable and broad trends can be identified. The purpose of the current study is to provide an initial assessment of data associated with science monograph collection at the Marston Science Library (MSL), University of Florida. These sciences fall within the major Library of Congress Classification schedules of Q, S, and T, excluding R, TN, TR, and TT. Overall strategy of this project is to look at the potential science audiences within the university community and analyze data related to purchasing and circulation patterns, e-book usage, and interlibrary loan statistics. While a longitudinal study from 2004 to the present would be ideal, this paper presents the results from the academic year July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 which was chosen as the pilot period because all data reservoirs identified above were available.

Origin of the double-peak structure in longitudinal momentum distributions for single ionization of an He atom in strong laser field

The single ionization of an He atom by intense linearly polarized laser field in the tunneling regime is studied by S- matrix theory. When only the first term of the expansion of the S matrix is considered and time, spatial distribution, and fluctuation of the laser pulse are taken into account, the obtained momentum distribution in the polarization direction of laser field is consistent with the semiclassical calculation, which only considers tunneling and the interaction between the free electron and external field. When the second term, which includes the interaction between the core and the free electron, is considered, the momentum distribution shows a complex multipeak structure with the central minimum and the positions of some peaks are independent of the intensity in some intensity regime, which is consistent with the recent experimental result. Based on our analysis, we found that the structures observed in the momentum distribution of an He atom are attributed to the " soft" collision of the tunneled electron with the core.

Um estudo dos gritos de guerra militares sob a ótica da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional

O objetivo desta análise é investigar os gritos de guerra militares, um gênero discursivo constituído nas práticas sociais do ambiente da caserna e resultado de crenças e de percepções definidoras da identidade militar. Neste trabalho, analisamos trinta gritos de guerra coletados no ano de 2009 junto a grupamentos de cadetes da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN). Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, tendo como ponto de partida o significado ideacional de Halliday (1985), analisamos como se dá a organização do sistema linguístico em conformidade com o aspecto funcional dos gritos de guerra. Pela categoria da transitividade, buscamos compreender como se manifestam as representações de mundo na estrutura oracional. Ao evidenciarmos uma maior presença de processos materiais e relacionais na materialização linguística das experiências de mundo, pudemos caracterizar melhor a natureza de práticas sociais em contexto militar e perceber que tais processos orientam-se na construção de sentidos de maneira a instituir uma identidade institucionalizada. Pelo mapeamento dos modos de representação dos atores sociais, com base nas categorias sociossemânticas apresentadas por Van Leeuwen (1997), percebemos que os indivíduos inscrevem-se na materialidade textual, principalmente, por meio da coletivização, evidenciando assim uma forma particular de inserção dos sujeitos na vida castrense. Tal fato revela o grupo como entidade que deve se fundamentar na coesão entre seus integrantes, aspecto basilar para a consolidação da própria instituição. O modo como os militares são representados nos gritos de guerra orienta-se na formação de uma identidade grupal necessária para que, por meio desse gênero, sejam alcançados propósitos institucionalmente definidos, que podem ser sintetizados na ideia de preparação do espírito militar

O vocativo nem no imaginário linguístico brasileiro

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o vocativo nem, oriundo do dialeto social da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no imaginário linguístico brasileiro, a partir do conceito de Patrick Charaudeau (2008) sobre o imaginário sociodiscursivo. A perspectiva teórica abordada está centrada na Análise do Discurso. Apresenta-se, no início, o referencial teórico que embasou o estudo e, posteriormente, descreve-se o percurso da pesquisa, que contempla o corpus colhido em redes sociais de relacionamento e blogs. Além do material encontrado para a pesquisa, também foram aproveitadas algumas experiências pessoais sobre o tema, tanto em sala de aula, quanto em conversas com amigos. Durante a pesquisa, buscou-se realizar a descrição do vocábulo, a partir de breves comentários a respeito da variação linguística e preconceito linguístico, bem como sobre atitudes, crenças e imaginários. A análise conduzida demonstrou os tipos de crença negativa que circulam em determinado grupo social, bem como a construção da identidade, de alguns indivíduos das classes consideradas desprestigiadas socialmente, que pode ser percebida por determinadas atitudes dos falantes. Há algum tempo, não era observada nos falantes uma afirmação da identidade. Esse comportamento recente só pode ser analisado dessa forma, visto que este estudo aconteceu quase que em tempo real. Como resultado, a pesquisa revelou o imaginário negativo que os falantes da variedade prestigiosa da língua cultivam em relação aos usos, e aos usuários, do referido item lexical. Da mesma forma, foi observado como os usuários do vocativo se posicionavam frente à rejeição. Tais reflexões podem colaborar para os estudos linguísticos de forma a minimizar o preconceito linguístico no ensino da língua materna em relação à variedade que faz parte do dialeto desprestigiado socialmente

Influência de tratamentos térmicos nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas em liga odontológica à base de níquel-cromo.

É crescente a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de materiais adequados a trabalharem interagindo com o corpo humano. Diversas pesquisas têm sido realizadas no desenvolvimento de biomateriais aplicáveis na odontologia, este empenho é justificável pelo grande número de intervenções cirúrgicas para extração de dentes realizadas em todo o mundo. Durante o processo de fabricação de reconstruções dentárias, que utilizam sistemas metalocerâmicos, é utilizado um tratamento térmico que tem a função de promover a adesão da porcelana ao metal. Entretanto, sabe-se que tratamentos térmicos podem alterar a microestrutura do material metálico, modificando suas propriedades. Este trabalho avaliou as modificações causadas em propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais da liga à base de níquel (FIT CAST-SB) utilizada para fins odontológicos, quando a mesma é submetida ao tratamento térmico para adesão da porcelana (denominado de queima). A liga foi inicialmente fundida através da técnica de centrifugação e cera perdida. Posteriormente, um grupo de amostras (grupo TT) foi submetido ao tratamento térmico de queima para adesão da porcelana e o outro grupo (grupo F), permaneceu apenas submetido ao processo de fundição. Os grupos F e TT foram submetidos a ensaio de tração. Nos grupos F e TT, e no material como recebido pelo fabricante (grupo CR), foram realizados ensaios de microdureza e caracterização microestrutural, esta ultima através da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os grupos F e CR foram submetidos à análise química quantitativa (em um espectrômetro de emissão atômica) e semi-quantitativa por um sistema de Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) acoplado ao MEV, sendo que esta ultima técnica também foi aplicada ao grupo TT. A técnica de tratamento digital de imagem foi aplicada às micrografias dos grupos F e TT, para a determinação de possíveis modificações quantitativas nas fases presentes, antes e após o tratamento térmico. Todos os resultados dos ensaios foram submetidos ao teste de hipótese nula (H0), para a distribuição t de Student. Concluiu-se que, para as amostras testadas, o limite de resistência foi superior ao fornecido pelo fabricante, respectivamente 559,39 e 545,55 MPa para os grupos F e TT, contra 306 MPa do fabricante. Enquanto o limite de escoamento foi ligeiramente inferior, 218,71 e 240,58 MPa para os grupos F e TT, respectivamente, contra 258 MPa do fabricante. Os resultados de microdureza ficaram entorno de 70HV, superior aos 21HV fornecido pelo fabricante. Pode-se afirmar, com 95% de confiabilidade, que não houve variação nas propriedades mecânicas e na microestrutura (quantidades de fases presentes e tamanho) antes e após a queima para adesão da porcelana, para os corpos de prova testados. A microestrutura da liga, quando observada em MEV no modo elétrons retroespalhados (modo BSE), é formada por uma matriz de estrutura dendrítica e coloração cinza, uma segunda fase interdendrítica de coloração branca e aspecto rendilhado, e precipitados de coloração preta, apresentando também porosidades.

O cangaço no cordel e a constituição de uma identidade regionalista pelo migrante nordestino (1950-1980)

Neste trabalho, a partir da recorrência à literatura de cordel como fonte histórica, será apresentada de que forma a reprodução da temática do cangaço nesses folhetos permitem que os migrantes nordestinos constituam uma identidade regionalista baseada no apego aos valores tradicionais da sua região natal. Dentro desse contexto, relacionamos o processo migratório dos nordestinos para as grandes metrópoles situadas no Sudeste, sobretudo Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com a difusão e recepção dos cordéis nesses estados entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980. No que concerne a abordagem do cangaço nos versos da literatura de cordel, na qual atribui aos cangaceiros o papel de símbolos regionais, serão pontuadas as principais estratégias adotadas pelos cordelistas que possibilitam a identificação e a empatia dos migrantes vindos do Nordeste com os personagens do cangaço narrados nos folhetos, contribuindo para um maior estreitamento entre Nordeste e nordestino. Nesse sentido, vale ressaltar a ressignificação da imagem dos cangaceiros, deslocando sua representação de homens cruéis e bárbaros para a reprodução de heróis-vilãos, isto é, protagonistas de personalidades ambíguas e contraditórias

Application of encapsulated nisin and sodium citrate for shelf life increasing of Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fillet packaged with MAP and their effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Nisin is a widely used naturally occurring antimicrobial effective against many pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. It has been proposed that reduced efficacy of nisin in foods can be improved by technologies such as encapsulation to protect it from interferences by food matrix components. The aim of this study was using of spray dried encapsulated nisin with zein in concentration of (0.15 and 0.25 g/kg) and sodium citrate (1.5 and 2.5%) and treatments with both of them to extent the shelf life of filleted trouts packaged by Modified Atmosphere Packaging (45% CO2, 50% N2 ,5% O2) and stored at 4±1 °C for 20 days. Furthermore, to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of encapsulated nisin and soudium citrate the trouts fillets was inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus as an index pathogenic bacteria. Assessment of chemical spoilage indexes such as (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile base nitrogen and pH) , microbial parameters (Total Plate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count), Staphylococcus aureus cont in treatments which were inoculated with 5 logcfu/g of this bacteria and sensory evaluation of fillets including (smell, color, texture and total acceptability) was carried out in days of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20. The results revealed that treatment with both exposure of nisin and sodium citrate showed significantly lower chemical spoilage indexes in comparison with controls (vaccum packed and MAP) (P<0.05). Furthermore, (nisin 0.25 g/kg sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment which was exposed to the maximal level used of both materials was significantly the lowest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile base nitrogen and pH) of 9.95 (meq O2/kg) , 1.55 (mgMA/kg), 29.65 (mgN/100g) and 6.65 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of fillets in this treatment was esstimated 20 days.The control (vaccum packed) treatment was significantly the highest treatment with (Proxide value, Thiobarbituric acid, total volatile base nitrogen and pH) of 15.17 (meq O2/kg), 3.03 (mgMA/kg), 38.4 (mgN/100g) and 6.95 , respectively and according to the maximal recommended level of this indices , shelf life of fillets in this treatment was estimated 11 days. Also, in microbial point of view (nisin 0.25 g/kg- sodium citrate 2.5%) treatment was the lowest treatment with Total Plate Count, Psychrotrophic count, Lactic acid bacteria count and Staphylococcus aureus count of 6.7, 6.83, 5.25 and 6.04 logcfu/g respectively, and conrol (vaccum packed) treatment was the highest treatment with 9.15, 9.41, 7.7 and 9.01 logcfu/g respectively. According to the lower results of chemical and microbial indices and higher sensory evaluated scores assessed in this research for encapsulated nisin in comparison with free nisin , it was concluded that encapsulation of nisin with zein capsules may improve the efficiency of nisin. The measuremented values of Mass yield, Total solids content of capsules, Encapsulation efficiency, In vitro release kinetics in 200 hour for encapsulated nisin in this study was 49.89, 62, 98.31 and 69% respectively and Encapsulated particle size was lower than 674.21 μm for 90% of particles. As a consequence, nisin , in particular encapsulated nisin, and sodium citrate alone or together with and Modified Atmosphere packaging might be considered as effective tools in preventing the quality degradation of the fillets, resulting in an extension of their shelf life.

A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

A novel fiber coated with novel sol-gel (5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil; diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO) was prepared for use with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) and electron capture detection (ECD), which was applied in order to determine nine chlorobenzenes in soil matrices. Due to the improved fiber preparation, which increases the percentage of calixarene in the coating, the new calixarene fiber exhibits very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity to chlorine-substituted compounds. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized in order to maximize the sensitivity during the chlorobenzene analysis. Interferences from different soil matrices with different characteristics were investigated, and the amount extracted was strongly influenced by the matrix. Therefore, a standard addition protocol was performed on the real soil samples. The linear ranges of detection for the chlorobenzenes tested covered three orders of magnitude, and correlation coefficients > 0.9976 and relative standard deviations (RSD) < 8% were observed. The detection limits were found at sub-ng/g of soil levels, which were about an order of magnitude lower than those given by the commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating for most of the compounds. The recoveries ranged from 64 to 109.6% for each analyte in the real kaleyard soil matrix when different concentration levels were determined over the linear range, which confirmed the reliability and feasibility of the HS-SPME/GC-ECD approach using the fiber coated with diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO for the ultratrace analysis of chlorobenzenes in complex matrices.

Mode Characteristics for Square Resonators With a Metal Confinement Layer

Microsquare resonators laterally confined by SiO2/Au/air multilayer structure are investigated by light ray method with reflection phase-shift of the multiple layers and two-dimensional (2-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The reflectivity and phase shift of the mode light ray on the sides of the square resonator with the semiconductor/SiO2/Au/air multilayer structure are calculated for TE and TM modes by transfer matrix method. Based on the reflection phase shift and the reflectivity, the mode wavelength and factor are calculated by the resonant condition and the mirror loss, which are in agreement well with that obtained by the FDTD simulation. We find that the mode factor increases greatly with the increase of the SiO2 layer thickness, especially as d < 0.3 mu m. For the square resonator with side length 2 mu m and refractive index 3.2, anticrossing mode couplings are found for confined TE modes at wavelength about 1.6 mu m at d = 0.11 mu m, and confined TM modes at d = 0.71 mu m, respectively.

Fabrication of silicon-on-reflector for Si-based resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors

A novel silicon-on-reflector substrate for Si-based resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors has been fabricated by using Si-based sol-gel and smart-cut techniques. The Si/SiO2 Bragg reflector is controlled in situ by electron beam evaporation and the thickness can be adjusted to get high reflectivity. The reflectance spectra of the silicon-on-reflector substrate with five pairs of Si/SiO2 reflector have been measured and simulated by transfer matrix model. The reflectivity at operating wavelength is close to 100%. Based on the silicon-on-reflector substrate, SiGe/Si multiple quantum wells resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors for 1.3 mu m wavelength have been designed and simulated. Ten-fold enhancement of the quantum efficiency of resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors compared with conventional photodetectors is predicted.

Substitution Matrices of Residue Triplets Derived from Protein Blocks.

In protein sequence alignment, residue similarity is usually evaluated by substitution matrix, which scores all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another. Several matrices are widely used in sequence alignment, including PAM matrices derived from homologous sequence and BLOSUM matrices derived from aligned segments of BLOCKS. However, most matrices have not addressed the high-order residue-residue interactions that are vital to the bioproperties of protein.With consideration for the inherent correlation in residue triplet, we present a new scoring scheme for sequence alignment. Protein sequence is treated as overlapping and successive 3-residue segments. Two edge residues of a triplet are clustered into hydrophobic or polar categories, respectively. Protein sequence is then rewritten into triplet sequence with 2 · 20 · 2 = 80 alphabets. Using a traditional approach, we construct a new scoring scheme named TLESUMhp (TripLEt SUbstitution Matrices with hydropobic and polar information) for pairwise substitution of triplets, which characterizes the similarity of residue triplets. The applications of this matrix led to marked improvements in multiple sequence alignment and in searching structurally alike residue segments. The reason for the occurrence of the ‘‘twilight zone,’’ i.e., structure explosion of lowidentity sequences, is also discussed.

Crystal structures of EtEDTB center dot 1.4C(2)H(5)OH center dot 5H(2)O and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4)center dot C2H5OH (EtEDTB=N, N, N ', N '-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine)

The crystal structures of EtEDTB.1.4C(2)H(5)OH.5H(2)O 1 and H4EtEDTB(ClO4)(4).C2H5OH 2 (EtEDTB = N, N,N',N'-tetrakis[2-(1-ethylbenzimidazolyl)methyl]-1,2-ethanediamine) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P(1) over bar with a = 11.489(2), b = 11.866(3), c = 12.002(3) Angstrom, alpha = 97.47(2), beta = 114.564(13), gamma = 114.11(2)degrees, V = 1266.6(5) Angstrom(3), Z = 1, M-r = 847.48, D-c = 1.111 g/cm(3), F(000) = 456 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.076 mm(-1). A total of 5207 reflections were measured for 1, of which 4323 were independent. The structure of 1 was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares technique to the final R = 0.0706 and wR = 0.1802 for 1318 observed reflections with I > 2sigma(I). In the structure of 1, centrosymmetric EtEDTB molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds through water and ethanol to form 2-dimensional network. Compound 2 crystallizes in the space group C2/c with a = 24.260(5), b = 13.040(3), c = 17.680(4) Angstrom, beta = 97.50(3)degrees, V = 5545.2(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, M-r = 1140.80, D-c = 1.366 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2384 and mu(MoKalpha) = 0.289 mm(-1).

Photochemical synthesis, characterization and X-ray crystal structure of dodecamolybdophosphate tetrabutylammonium heteropoly blue (Bu4N)(4)[PMo12O40]center dot 2DMF center dot H2O

In this paper, we will report the preparation of a mixed-valence polyoxometalate compound (Bu4N)(4)[PMo12O40].2DMF.H2O (TBA = tetrabutylammonium; DMF = N,N-dimethyl formamide). The title compound has been photochemically synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, IR, solid diffusion reflectance electronic spectra, ESR spectra, XPS, CV and X-ray single-crystal analysis. The crystal lographic data are as follows: monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 14.124(3), b = 17.481(4), c = 22.744(5) Angstrom, beta = 101.66(3)degrees, V = 5500(2) Angstrom(3), C70H160Mo12N6O43P, M-r = 2956.29, Z = 2, D-c = 1.785 g/cm(3), F(000) = 2970 and mu(MoKalpha) = 1.412 mm(-1). The structure has been refined to R = 0.0638 and wR = 0.1975 by full-matrix least-squares methods. The title compound is composed of four tetrabutylammonium cations, one [(PMoMo11O40)-Mo-V](4-) heteropoly anion, two N,N-dimethyl formamide and one H2O molecule.

Hydrothermal synthesis and crystal structure of [{Cu(2,2 '-bpy)(2)}(2)Mo8O26]: a beta-octamolybdate cluster covalently bonded to two {Cu(2,2 '-bpy)(2)}(2+) coordination complexes via bridging oxo groups

An organic-inorganic hybrid solid, (Cu(2,2'-bpy)(2))(2)Mo8O26, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Dark green crystals crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21, a = 24.164(5), b = 18.281(4), c = 11.877(2) Angstrom, alpha = 90 degrees, beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 90 degrees, V= 5247(2) Angstrom (3), Z = 4, lambda (MoK alpha) = 0.71073 Angstrom (R(F) = 0.0331 for 5353 reflections). Data were collected on a Siemens P4 four-circle diffractometer at 293 K in the range 1.69 degrees < theta < 25.04 degrees using the omega -scan technique. The structure was solved by the direct method and refined by full-matrix least squares on F-2 using SHELXL-93. The structure of this compound consists of discrete (Cu(2,2'-bpy)(2))(2)Mo8O26 clusters, constructed from beta -octamolybdate subunits ((Mo8O26)(4-)) covalently bonded to two (Cu(2,2'-bpy)(2))(2+) coordination complexes via bridging oxo groups that connect two adjacent molybdenum sites. (C) 2001 Academic Press.